 Introduction to the hospitality

industry

The Hospitality industry is the industry that is

responsible for providing accommodations in
places such as hotels, resorts, conference centers
and theme or amusement parks. The catering
industry, primarily provides food services to
institutions (such as schools, hospitals, or
governmental operations ), private industry (such
as corporation cafeterias or motion picture
studios), and private parties. And also in a much
boarder view, non-commercial institutional
provide food lodging.

A Brief History of the Hotel Industry

 From ancient to modern time:
In the beginning there was fire at the hearth, a
warm meal and a roof over one’s head. Thus
begins the history of the hotel industry. People
have been providing hospitality for weary traveller
since our ancestors inhabited the earth about
100,000 to 200,000 years ago

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Some years down the line, the age of antiquity,
spas and bathhouses often provided sleeping
facilities and were popular attractions for those
seeking rest and relaxation.

In medieval times, it was mostly cloisters and

abbeys that provided traveller with
accommodation. It was also during this period that
more and more inns and guesthouses were
opened on popular trade routes to provide food
and lodging for travelling merchants and their
horses.these were not hotels as we know them
today. Hotel chains such as the “Ritz” only come
into being hundreds of the growing prosperity of
developing industrial nations.

1. What was the hospitality industry started?

Hospitality industry as an organized industry was
formed in the 1950s or 1960s when a proper
structure was formed. The industrial revolution
which began in the 1970s facilitated the
construction of hotels in Europe England, and
America with french and Italian veterans following
suit.

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 The latest technology trends in the
hospitality industry
Keeping up with the latest technology trends is
essential for those operating in the hospitality
industry, because the industry itself is extremely
competitive. This mean that those who fail to
adopt can quickly find that they are being left
behind by hotel and travel companies that have
implemented new approaches and ideas. In is
article, you will find seven of the latest technology
trends that hospitality companies should be aware
of.

 Trends in the hospitality industry

1. Recognition technology
Recognition technology is one of the most
important emerging tech trends in general, but its
potential uses in the hospitality industry are
especially interesting. In particular, bio-metrics is
being used to usher in a new age of seamless
authentications, and this could benefit hotel
processes and customers purchases.

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For example,imagine if finger print or facial
recognition technology could be used in your hotel
to unlock rooms. Now consider the uses of the
same technology for check-in and check-out
purchases. In the future, this technology is also
likely to allow fir completely seamless purchases,
with payments being authenticated by touch.

2.Virtual reality
Virtual reality has been one of the most talked
about the hospitality industry are almost
endless,due to its capacity to place customers in
virtual settings. This can be used everywhere from
the booking stage of the customer journey,
through to the hotel stay itself.
More and more, hotel websites are using 360
degrees imaging technology to allow virtual reality
users to experience rooms in their hotel before
they book. This technology can also be extended
of local attractions, while VR headsets can also be
used in hotels, for entertainment purpose.

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3.local experience
Another trends that those in the hospitality
industry are getting to grips with is the desire for
tourists or traveller to enjoy local experience .
Many a life similar to their own, but in a different
location. Instead, they want to experience the
authentic way of life in the location they visit.

Businesses in the hospitality industry are

responding to this, in order to cater for these
demands. Hotels might provide local products,
while other options like Airbnd and farmhouses
accommodation can offer a more authentic guest
experience. Moreover, travel agents and tour
operations can help traveller to take part in local
activities.

 Accommodation
a. Hotels
The most common type of accommodation in the
hotel industry , a hotel is defined as an
establishment which offers overnight
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accommodation, meals and other services. They
are mainly aimed at traveller or tourists, although
locals may also use them. Hotels provides private
rooms, and almost always have en-suite
bathrooms.

a. Bed and breakfasts

Bed and breakfast, or B&BS, are smaller
establishments, which offer guests private rooms
for overnight stays, along with breakfast in the
morning. Often, these establishments are
converted from private homes and many B&B
owners live in their property. While they are often
a budget option, high-end or luxury B&BS do also
exist.
b. Motels
Motels are a form of overnight accommodation
tailored towards motorists. For this reason, they
are typically located conveniently by the roadside
and offer ample free parking. A motel will
generally have a number of guest rooms and may
have some additional facilities, but will usually
have fewer amenities than hotels

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c. Inns
An inn is an establishment which provides
temporary accommodation, usually along with
food and drinks. Inns are smaller than hotels, and
are closer in size to bed and breakfast, although
inns are often slightly larger. Guests are allocated
private rooms and food option will usually include
breakfast and dinner.

d. Resorts
Resorts are commercial establishment, which will
usually consist of a hotel and a variety of
additional services and amenities, on site. Guests
will usually have access to lodgings, restaurants,
bars, entertainment option, recreation activities
and shops, which can all be accessed without
leaving the premises.

e. Restaurant
A restaurant concept is the over all idea or theme
that defines the restaurant. Concepts include the
your menu’s design, service style, dining room
decor, and - of course - the style of food.

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f. Bar
A place where you can buy and drink (especially
alcoholic drinks) and sometimes have something
to eat

g. Pubs
A pub, or public house, is an establishment
licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally
include beer (such as ale) and cider. It is a social
drinking establishment and prominent part of
British,[1] Irish,[2] Breton, New Zealand, South
African and Australian Cultures.[3]

h. Nightclub
A nightclub, music club or club is an entertainment
venue and bar that usually operates late into the
night. A nightclub is generally distinguished from
regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a
stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas
and DJ booth. Where a DJ plays recorded music.

J. Cafe’s

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American Spanish cafeteria coffeehouse, from
cafeteria coffee maker, from french cafetiere,
from cafe. Merriam gives the first known use of
cafeteria as a adjective in the sense of “providing a
selection from which a choice may be made” as
1908.

K. Food and Beverage Services

Food and Beverage Service can be broadly defined
as the process of preparing Presenting and serving
of food and beverage to the customers. The
customer visits the premises are kept
well-equipped and well-finished to attract
customers to avail F&B service.

l. Floatels
Floatels are also called guise ships. In floatels hotel
like structure has situated . guest going through
floatels (ship) other to another place.

 Guest satisfaction
Every business needs to keep customers and client
happy, but in the hospitality industry it’s so vitally
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important to keep guests engaged in order for the
business to grow and prosper. Improving “first
contact” resolution is one of the primary drivers of
customer satisfaction .

 Smile important
Smiling improves your mood and therefore the
attitude in which you face everyday situations,
including your sales work and customer support. A
smile is contagious and humans tend to ccopy
emotions. So a good attitude o your part can
improve your customers as well: this will help a lot
in the sales and support process

 Significance of grooming in
hospitality industry
Definition
Grooming is exceptionally important in hospitality
industry. How you look, dress and present yourself
expresses lots about you approach towards guests.
Since you are the face of your organization, no

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matter what your job role is, grooming makes you
and as an extension your organization presentable.

The following are Important things that you should

bear in mind when deciding to be a part of
hospitality industry

 Grooming in Male or Female

1. Hair:
 Hair must be clean,well-groomed, styled
away from face.
 Hair colors must be of natural hues and
appear professional (black, brown, blonde, gray or
natural red). other colors will not be allowed.
 Ombre, two tones or thick highlights will not
be allowed. Hair roots must be maintained and
covered.

Women:
 Food & beverage staff ust have their hair tied
back if longer than shoulder length by more
than 2 inches.

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 Pigtails, messy buns, double buns are not
allowed, nor are dreadlocks of any kind in hair.
 Chignon or tight buns are preferred.
 Culinary must wear hair in a hair net or hats.

Men:
 Man buns, ponytails and rat tails, faux- hawk,
Mo-hawk and/or completely shaved heads are
not allowed, not are initials, lettering or designs
of any kind in hair.

 Hair must not extend past the top of the shirt

collar and must be away from the face
presenting a well-groomed appearance at all
times.

 Culinary must wear hair in a hair net or hats.

2. Fingernails for Men and Women

 Nails must be clean, trimmed and
well-manicured.
 Nails must be in moderate in length (no longer
than1/4 inches), and neatly shaped at all times.

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 The nail should not be so long that it is
distracting and unprofessional. (nail shapes
permitted - square, square oval or squoval,
rounded and oval. No other shapes are
acceptable).
 Nail polish colors must be conservation neutral
and natural tones without any chips or peeling.
Unnatural colored nail polish is not allowed
(blue, black, purple, etc).
 Decals,nail designs or ornaments are not
permitted.

Food & Beverage

All associated working in a direct food & beverage
role (regardless if you are assigned to the heart of
the house) are not permitted, due to health code
requirement.
 No acrylic, fake nails, or nail polish.
3. Personal Hygiene:
 Makeup and cologne/perfume must be lightly
applied.
 Perfume, colognes and aftershave may be used
moderately.
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 The use of cosmetic, when applied, must be
moderate and natural in appearance; no
extreme colors or applications are permitted.
The associated must present a polished,
professional and five-star image.
 Lipstick must be natural, neutral or a moderate
red color.
 Associates are recommended to brush their
teeth or use mouth freshener after having
cigarettes.
 Chewing of gum is not allowed.
 Food & Beverage are not permitted to wear
false eyelashes.

4. Jewelry:
 Name tags are part of the uniform and must be
worn, except for kitchen associates. It is to be
worn at all times during the work shift, and is to
be worn on the left - hand side.this name tag
also identifies you as an associate to our guests
should they need help or assistance.

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 Jewelry must be conservative in nature, kept to
a minimum, and compliment your attire in color
and design.
 Face, nose, tongue or other visible body piercing
must be removed before commencing every
shift.

5. Tattoos:
Tattoos must be covered at all time during working
hours.

6. Uniforms:
Uniformed associates for Men and
Women
All associates who are provided with a uniform
must wear properly at all times.
 All uniforms must be clean, ironed and
presentable.
 They must be in good condition and fit properly.

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 Uniforms should not be altered in any way worn
properly. If alternations need to be made please
see housekeeping.
 Hats or hairnets are required at all times for the
culinary term.
 No type of head covering (I.e, scarves, hats,
etc.)may be worn unless part of the uniform

7. Socks and Hosiery for Uniform

Men and Women:
 Socks must coordinates with the uniform, suit
and shoe color.
 Socks must be of solid color with no design for
non-uniformed associates.
 White socks allowed for culinary staff only.
 Restaurant and banquet staff must wear black
socks with their uniform.
 Black hosiery may be worn and should be a solid,
opaque color with no design or pattern. Hosiery
must coordinates with attire (sheer colored,
neutral, black and nude color stockings are
deemed appropriate).
 Fishnet stockings, seamed hosiery, and leggings
are not permitted.
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8. Shoes for Uniformed Men and
Women:
 Shoes must be well polished and in good
condition at all times.
 Shoes must be not-sole and non-skid to avoid
injury.
 Clogs are only permitted for the culinary team
and white socks must be worn.
 Tennis shoes, sandals, thongs, platform shoes,
moccasins and other similar footwear are
unsafe and not permitted.

Industry expectation
Companies and organizations in the field of
hospitality expect that their whole employees will
demonstrate their understanding on “how to keep
our personal appearance always neat and clean”.
This demonstration shall improve our
self-confidence as employees as well as our
concerns on personal cleanliness and hygiene,
especially for food handlers.

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 Segments of the Hospitality
Industry
Definition:
A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or
amusement park consists of units such as facility
maintenance and direct operation (severs,
housekeepers,porters, kitchen workers,
bartenders, management, marketing, and human
resources, etc.).
The hospitality industry is a multibillion - dollar
industry that depends on the availability of leisure
time, disposable income, and complete customer
satisfaction. There are four segments of the
hospitality industry: food and beverage, travel and
tourism, lodging, and recreation.

1. Food and Beverage

The food and beverage sector which is
professionally know by its initials as F&B is the
largest segment of the hospitality industry.

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The F&B industry is estimated to provide 50% of all
meals eaten in the US today. It comprises of
establishments primarily engaged in preparing
meals, snacks, and beverage for immediate
consumption on and off premises.

2. Travel and Tourism

Travel and tourism deal with services related to
moving people from place to place. Buses, cabs,
planes, ships, trains and so on are all part of the
travel industry.

3. Lodging
Lodging means accommodation for a period or a
place to sleep for one or more nights. Fancy hotels,
youth hostels, elder hostels, comp-grounds,
motels and other businesses that provided a place
for people to sleep overnight are all in the loding
industry.

4. Recreation
Recreation is any activity that people do for rest,
relaxation, and enjoyment. The goal of recreation
is to refresh a person’s body and mind. Any
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business that provides activities for rest, relaxation
and enjoyment, to refresh a person’s body and
mind is in the recreation business.

 Job opportunities in Hospitality:

“The hospitality industry is a vibrant and
glamorous field. A career in hospitality opens up
opportunities to earn a very good living with
six-figure incomes, almost all-expenses-paid and it
offers a more dynamic work environment than
most professions, ”catrett say . “if you consider
the level of accommodation that companies
provide for top managers, or even the day
companies provide for top managers, or even the
day-to-day perks the hotel and restaurant
managers get for free, you find that the salaries
are very competitive with other industries.”
I. Hotel general manager.
II. Hotel clerk
III. Bell hop
IV. concierga
V. Executive
VI. Maids and house keeping

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The scope of Hospitality Industry
The scope of the hospitality industry comprises of
a range of businesses that provide services and
facilities such as accommodation. Food and
beverage , entertainment, gaming and related
products.
The term “hospitality” has become accepted over
the years as a generic word. Which describes the
well being of services and facilities related to
tourists and traveller.
The hospitality industry is represented in every
country in the world and is diverse and complex. It
encompasses a range of free-standing hospitality
businesses and is also a component of a wide
range of venues whose primary function is not
hospitality.

 Hospitality’s importance in life

Hospitality is so important in life welcoming
friends and family info our home is one of our
favorite things! And providing an environment that
is comfortable and enjoyable is much more
important than feeling pressure to have a perfect

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home. Enjoy spending time with the people you
care about!.

Relationship between hospitality and

tourism industry
Beware we look at the connection between
hospitality and tourism, let’s review exactly what
the hospitality industry is an industry that offers
services to us that go beyond our basic needs and
generally require extra income to purchases.
These services include things like accommodations,
restaurants, transporation, and leisure activities.
So, every time Bella stays in a hotel a tour guide,
or files on an airplane, she is supporting the
hospitality industry.
Now, let’ stake a look at what tourism consists of.
When Bella travel somewhere for pleasure, she is
talking part in tourism. Tourism is the act of

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visiting places for enjoyment purposes. Tourism
happens when tourists, like Bella, travel to
different places with the intention of participating
in leisure activities.

Introduction to Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the
theory and practice of touring, the business of
attracting, accommodation, and entertaining
tourists, and the business of operating tours.[2]
tourism may be international or within the
traveler’s country. The world tourism organization
defines tourism more generally, in terms which go
“beyond the common perception of tourism as
being limited to holiday activity only”, as people
“travelling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24
hours, business and other purposes”.[3]

Definition
The tourism industry is the one of the world’s
fastest growing industries and a major source of

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foreign exchange & employment generation for
many countries. It is regarded as most remarkable
economic or social phenomena of the past
century.

History of tourism
The foundations of modern Tourism, in the
context of the history of tourism, the term
“introductory phase” refers to all the
developments, structures and innovations of
modern tourism between the first third of the 19th
century and around 1950. this had its own
“starting phase”, which lasted until 1915.

 Who is father of Tourism

Thomas cook & Son
Today, Thomas Cook & Son still exists in some
form, offering travel tours, but is no longer a
family-run business. Thomas cook brought” travel
to the millions” and his name remains one of the

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names most often associated with travel. Often
given the title: “Father of Modern Tourism”.

Categories of Tourism
1. International Tourism:
International tourism refers to tourism that
crosses national borders… the world tourism
organization defines tourists as people “traveling
to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business and other purposes”.

2. Domestic Tourism:
Domestic tourism is tourism involving residents of
one country traveling only within that country. A
playing holiday is a holiday spent in the same
country ; this class may overlap with stay cation, a
vacation spent in the same region.

Inbound

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Tourists of outside origin entering a particular
country.
Outbound
Tourists travelling from the country of their
origin to another country.

Evolution of Tourism
The gradual change and development of an idea,
situation or objects is referred to as evolution.
Hence, an evolution of tourism refers to the
gradual development of the tourism activities from
the past to presents and perhaps, it will continue
in the future too.

What is the main purpose of Tourism ?

Tourism promotes (advertises) your city/country
and helps raise money for your city, by tourists
spending money to site-see, buy food, purchases
gifts or stay in lodgings. Tourism also provides jobs
for people. People are needed to provide tourists
all that food, drink, transportation, gifts, souvenirs
and lodging.
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Tourism in India
Tourism in India is important for the country’s
economy and is growing rapidly. The world Travel
and Tourism Council calculated that tourism
generated Rs.16.91 lakh crore(us$240 billion) or
9.2% of India’s GDP in 2018 and supported 42.673
million jobs, 8.1% of its total employment.[2] The
sector is predicated to grow at an annual rate of
6.9% to Rs32.05 lakh crore (US$460 billion) by
2028 (9.9% of GDP).[3] In October 2015, India’s
medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth
US$3 billion, and it is projected to grow to US$7-8
billion by 2020.[4] In 2014, 184.298 foreign
patients traveled to India to seek medical
treatment.[5].

Tourism infrastructure
Tourism infrastructure is a range of devices and
institution constituting material and organization
basis for tourism development. It comprises four
basis elements : accommodation facilities, food

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and beverage facilities, accompanying facilities and
communication facilities.

Components of tourism’s
infrastructure:
The infrastructure for tourism thus includes basic
infrastructure components like airports, railways,
roads, waterways, electricity, water, supply,
drainge, sewerage, solid waste disposal systems
and services.

The role of travel agency in tourism.

A travel agent’s role is to help people plan, choose
and arrange their holiday. They will usually work to
a budget set out by whoever is planning the
holiday. They also offer advice and opinions on
where to go and local tourist attractions, events
and customs.

 What is travel agency?

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A travel agency is a private retailer or public
service that provides travel and tourism related
services to the public on behalf of suppliers such
as activities. Airlines,car rentals, cruise lines, hotels,
railways, travel insurance, and package tours.

History of travel agency

History of travel agency. The name was inspired
from one of the oldest Victorian and pre-war
travel agency started by Joseph Dean and John
Dawson in 18th century. In addition to developing
the package tour, established to developing the
package tour, established a chain of agencies in
the last quarter of the 19th century, in association
with the Midland Railway.

Important of travel agency

The role of a travel agent is to male the process of
designing a trip as stress-free as possible. They
provide clients professional, personalized service
and expertise to fulfil travel requests. Travel
agencies are the most important and lowest cost
channel of distribution for airlines.
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Functions of Travel Agency
The functions of TAAI depend upon the scope of
activities it is invalid in and also size and the
location. If the agency is large,the range of
activities will be wider, it will have specialized
department each having to perform different
functions. Some of the major functions of a large
travel agency may be classifies as follows:
1.Provision of travel information.
2.Planning and costing tours.
3.Ticketing
4.Provision of foreign currency.
5.Insurance

Types of Travel Agency

Travel agencies are basically categories in two
types: Retail Travel Agency and Wholesale Travel
Agency.

Travel Agency:
1. Retail Travel
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2. Wholesale Travel Agency.

Retail Travel Agency

A retail travel agency sells tourists products
directly to the public on the behalf of the products
suppliers and in return get commissions. Some
package tour is solid in two ways i.e.., on a
commission basis and mark up the price.
When a travel agency sells a tour on the
market-up price it means that first, it markup the
cost of the tour and then sell it at a higher rate.
The markup price is the difference between retail
price and wholesale cost..

Wholesale Travel Agency

These agency are specialized in organizing package
tours. Which are marketed to the
customers/tourists through the network of a retail
travel agency or directly to the prospective clients
(if wholesale travel agency has a retail division). a
wholesale travel agency purchases tourists
product components in the bulk and design tour
package.
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Difference Between Wholesale
Travel Agency and Tour Operators
The wholesale travel agencies may offer or
operate the package tours or may specialize in
developing tours for inbound as well as outbound
travelers. They are often referred to as tour
operators but these two essential different:

1. Wholesale travel agency does not sell directly to

the public while tour operator’s do sell directly to
clients.
2. A wholesale travel agency usually combines,
assembles and contacts for existing travel services
to formulate new package new package tours.
Whereas a tour operator creates new travel
product a she has his own one or more
components of travel product I.e.’inclusive tours’.
3. Wholesale travel agencies are less inclined than
tour operators to perform ground services i.e.
handing agency or ground operators.

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4. A wholesale travel agency may deal with one
components of travel product while a tour
operatiors offers a variety of tour programs.
5. The size of business is large in case of tour
operators in comparison to wholesale travel
agency.

Importance of Tourism
Tourism has become an important sector that has
an impact an development of country economy.
The main benefits of tourism are income creation
and generation of jobs. For many regions and
countries it is the most important source of
welfare.
It generates Employment and promotes
Enterprises and gives fillip to Economic
Development and appreciation of Cultural
similarities and differences. Heritage, Culture and
uniqueness of the country is made known to the
foreign tourists and the domestic tourists of other
parts of India.

Scope of Tourism

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It involves visiting natural areas without disturbing
the fragile ecosystem. Eco tourism generates
wealth for the local people, who in turn take
measures to conserve and protect the
environment and natural resources. India with its
natural diversity is one of the pristine places in the
world for tourism.

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