COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 1
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT

SEMINAR REPORT
ON
“Individual and Societal Risk Assesment Using SAFETI”

AKSHAY RAJ K R

ROLL NO: 04

S2, M.TECH INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, CUSAT

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 Individual and Societal Risk
Assesment Using SAFETI

AKSHAY RAJ K R
ROLL NO: 04
S2 M.TEC INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

WHAT IS SAFETI
• SAFETI is a software system used for
Quantitative Risk Assesment.
• It can be used in
– Onshore process.
– Chemical and petrochemical facilities.
– Analysis of chemical transport risk.
• SAFETI allows you to quickly identify major
risk contributors, allowing you to take action
to mitigate those risks.
• SAFETI analyses complex consequences from
accident scenarios, taking account of local
population and weather conditions, to
quantify the risks associated with the release
of hazardous chemicals.

• Facilitates cost reduction in terms of losses and

insurance
• Risk ranking and hazard zone identification for
guidance concerning possible mitigation including
operation, emergency response or land use
planning.
• Provides traceability and consistency in
calculations.
• Risk results are available graphically and may be
overlaid on digitized maps, satellite photos and
plant layouts.
• Generates FN Curves for comparison with
user-defined acceptance criteria.
• Incorporates the consequence modelling of
Phast for hazard analysis.
• Enables the integration of QRA into plant
lifecycle management activities.

Features in Safeti

• Integrated dispersion modelling.

• Wide range of toxic and flammable effect models
• Calculate various risk metrics – Individual Risk,
Potential Loss of Life, FN Curves etc.
• Incorporates risk contour and FN curve
generation.
• Risk ranking of failure scenarios.
• Ignition source input and population data
definition.
 Advantages

• Produces easy-to-read results in a graphical

format.
• Facility to overlay results on geographical
information systems (GIS), aerial maps, plans
and photographs.

SAFETI is used for:

• Strategic planning
• Facility siting and layout
• Inventory management
• Safety case preparation
• Risk management
• Regulatory compliance
• Operational improvement and optimization
• Chemical transport risk analysis
• Above ground/buried pipeline QRA
• QRA of hazardous installations/facilities
• In quantitative risk determination the main
two risk sets are.
– Individual risk (the risk experienced by an
individual person)
– Societal risk (the risk experienced by the whole
group of people exposed to the HAZAD)
• Risk to life is expressed using these two
complimentary sets.

CASE STUDY

 There are three cylinders in a factory. First cylinder is

filled with LPG in the horizontal cylinder. Second
cylinder is filled with cyclohexane in the vertical
cylinder. Third cylinder is filled with Benzene in the
vertical cylinder. The wind speed in the region is 4.1
m/s. The ambient temperature is 25˚C. Determine
the individual risk and societal risk.

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 Assume the values of frequencies of incident
outcome cases per year as

 BLEVE of LPG -8x10-4

 VCE of cyclohexane -6x10-5
 Pool fire of Benzene-2.67x10-4

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BLEVE of LPG
 For LPG,
Consider the case of lethality,
Pr=-36.38+2.56 ln tq4/3
Assume t= 82.58 sec. q=10800w/m2

Then, Pr1 = -36.38+2.56 ln 82.58x(10800)4/3 =6.62

From the conversion table Pf1= 0.95

Pf1- the probability that incident outcome case 1 results in fatality at location x,y

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VCE of cyclohexane
 For cyclohexane, Consider the caseof 1st degree
burning,
Pr2=-39.83+3.186ln tq4/3
Assume q=4200 t=9.25
Pr2=-39.83+3.186ln 9.25x(4200)4/3 =2.7
pf2= .01

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Pool fire model of benzene

Pr= a+bln cnt

Here a=-9.82 , b=0.71 n=2 (from World Bank)

Assume c=1000ppm t=600 min.

Pr3=-9.82+0.71 ln(1000)2 x600 =4.53

pf3=0.32

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 15

Individual risk
f- frequency of fatality per year
pf-consequence or probability of
1. At A fatality
IR x,y = f1*pf1+f2*pf2
=8x10-4x0.95+6x10-5x0.01
=7.606x10-4

2. At B
IR x,y = f1*pf1+f2*pf2+f3*pf3
=8x10-6x0.23+6x10-5x.01+2.67x10-4x0.32
=8.46x10-4

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3. At C
IR x,y = f1*pf1+f3*pf3
=8x10-4x0.95+2.67x10-4x0.32
=8.45x10-4
4. At D
IR x,y = f2*pf2+f3*pf3
=6x10-5x.01+2.67x10-4x0.32
=8.604x10-5

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N- number of fatalities resulting

Societal risk from incident outcome
Pa- number of people at
location x,y
Assume
Pa=1000, Pb= 2000, Pc=3000, Pd= 4000

N1=P a*pf1+P b*pf1+ Pc*pf1

=1000x0.95+2000x0.95+3000x0.95
=5700
N2=P a*pf2+P b*pf2+Pd*pf2
=1000x0.01+2000x0.01+4000*0.01
=70
N3 =P b*pf3+Pc*pf3+Pd*pf3
=2000x0.32+3000x0.32+4000x0.32
=2880 18
How to do the same using SAFETI
 Reference
• www.dnvgl.com
• Joaquim Casal,Evaluation of the Effects and
Consequences of Major Accidents in Industrial
Plants, Industrial safety series, 2008.
• N. Paltrinieri, A.Matteini,Human reliability
analysis in the petroleum industry, 2016