ELE 523

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Itır Köymen

ELE 523 Syllabus
• Review- MOS Device Physics, I-V characteristics, Layout, Small-signal
model
• Single-Stage Amplifiers
• Differential Amplifiers
• Current Mirrors
• Frequency Response of Amplifiers
• Noise
• Operational Amplifiers
ELE 523 Syllabus
• Book: Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits
• Additional References: Phillip E. Allan, Douglas R. Holberg, CMOS
Analog Circuit Design
• Assessment: 3 Cadence Virtuoso Assignments 15% each
2 Written Assignments 5% each
Midterm 20%
Final 25%

• Salı 14:30-18:20, TM 105

 Lee De Forest
with Audion
Some transistor history vacuum tubes

• The predecessor: vacuum tube

• Bardeen, Schockley and Brattain developed
the transistor while investigating the properties
of Germanium.
• Used primarily as an amplifier
• Transistor was far more compact and power efficient
• Telephony, radio transmission, television and
eventually computers
Rise of MOSFETs and Moore’s Law
• Metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors took over the lion’s share of
the market in the 1960’s
• Power efficiency in digital applications
• Fewer devices required (compared to BJTs and GaAs)
• Analog and digital on the same chip
• Most importantly scalability and speed
• In 1965 Moore’s Law predicted that the number of components per
silicon chip would double every year. Moore being Gordon Moore, co-
founder of Intel Corp.
• It seems Moore’s Law will end around 2025.
Moore’s Law continued
• The physical limit- transistor dimensions
reaching the atomic scale

Fuechsle et. al., A single-atom transistor, Samsung

Nature Nanotechnology 2012

• Moore’s Law impacts processing speed and power consumption too

• TSMC and Samsung leading the path with plans to manufacture 3nm
devices (having already tested 10, 7 and 5nm). Intel lags.
 Moore’s Law continued
• Alternative device technologies such as FinFET extend Moore’s Law
• FinFET is non-planar (unlike MOSFET), also called the 3D transistor
• The conducting channel rises above the substrate (shaped like a fin)
• This structure allows as single device to be gated multiple times since
the gate is wrapped around the channel
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jctk0DI7YP8
MOSFET

Vora & Lad A Review Paper on CMOS,

SOI and FinFET Technology
Multigate https://www.design-
finFET reuse.com/articles/41330/cmos-soi-
finFET finfet-technology-review-paper.html
Why Analog?
• Working with natural signals- microphones pick up sound signals to
generate voltages ranging from μV to mV, photocells pick up light to
generate current, seismographic sensors translate vibrations of the earth to
electrical signals none of which are binary.
• Digital communications- Binary data transmitted over long cables. Data will
experience data and distortion- will no longer resemble the same
waveform. This is a slightly outdated problem- data is now transmitted
through wireless comm.
• Hard Disk Drive Electronics- Binary data stored on disk drive magnetically
but when read, signal is noisy and distorted calling for the need of an
analog filter
• Wireless Receivers, Optical Receivers, Sensors, Microprocessors,
Memories… you get the idea.