ASSIGNMENT 2

COMPUTER SYSTEM & APPLICATIONS

TOPIC : DARK WEB & DEEP WEB

NAME: Walid Butt

ROLL NO: B-24021
SUBMISSION DATE: 14/10/2019
 DARK WEB
The dark web is the World Wide Web content that
exists on darknets, overlay networks that use
the Internet but require specific software,
configurations, or authorization to access.

The dark web forms a small part of the deep web,

the part of the Web not indexed by web search
engines, although sometimes the term deep
web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the
dark web.

Darknet websites are accessible only through

networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing"
project) and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project").Tor
browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used
among the darknet users and can be identified by
the domain ".onion".
Tor focuses on providing anonymous access to
the Internet, I2P specializes in allowing
anonymous hosting of websites.

Identities and locations of darknet users stay

anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the
layered encryption system. The darknet encryption
technology routes users' data through a large
number of intermediate servers, which protects the
users' identity and guarantees anonymity.
Due to the high level of encryption, websites are
not able to track geolocation and IP of their users,
and users are not able to get this information
about the host. Thus, communication between
darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to
talk, blog, and share files confidentially. The
darknet is also used for illegal activity such as
illegal trade, forums, and media exchange for
pedophiles and terrorists.
In July 2017, Roger Dingledine, one of the three
founders of the Tor Project, said that Facebook is
the biggest hidden service. The Dark Web
comprises only 3% of the traffic in the Tor network.
A February 2016 study from researchers at King's
College London gives the following breakdown of
content by an alternative category set, highlighting
the illicit use of .onion services.
 DEEP WEB
The deep web, invisible web, or hidden web are
parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are
not indexed by standard web search-engines. The
opposite term to the deep web is the "surface
web", which is accessible to anyone/everyone
using the Internet. Computer-scientist Michael K.
Bergman is credited with coining the term deep
web in 2001 as a search-indexing term.

The content of the deep web is hidden

behind HTTP forms and includes many very
common uses such as web mail, online banking,
private or otherwise restricted access social-
media pages and profiles.
Some web forums that require registration for
viewing content, and services that users must pay
for, and which are protected by paywalls, such
as video on demand and some online magazines
and newspapers.
The content of the deep web can be located and
accessed by a direct URL or IP address, but may
require a password or other security access to get
past public-website pages.
The first conflation of the terms "deep web" with
"dark web" came about in 2009 when deep web
search terminology was discussed together with
illegal activities taking place on the Freenet and
Darknet.
Since then, after their use in the media's reporting
on the Silk Road, many people and media outlets
have taken to using 'deep web' synonymously with
the dark web or darknet, a comparison some reject
as inaccurate and consequently has become an
ongoing source of confusion. Wired reporters Kim
Zetter and Andy Greenberg recommend the
terms be used in distinct fashions.
While the deep web is a reference to any site that
cannot be accessed through a traditional search
engine, the dark web is a portion of the deep web
that has been intentionally hidden and is
inaccessible through standard browsers and
methods.
Bergman, in a paper on the deep web published
in The Journal of Electronic Publishing, mentioned
that Jill Ellsworth used the term Invisible Web in
1994 to refer to websites that were not registered
with any search engine. Bergman cited a January
1996 article by Frank Garcia.