1/18/2019 Geography Notes 3 - GKmojo

Protected: Geography Notes 3

Some Important Points Related World Geography

1. Mountains & Their Locations

Andes: South America

Rockies: North America
Alps: Europe
Alaska: USA
Himalaya: Asia

2. Oceans

Paci c Ocean: The Paci c Ocean is the largest of the world‘s oceans. 

Atlantic Ocean: The Atlantic Ocean separates the continents of North America and South American

from the European and African continents.

Indian Ocean: Named after the country of India, it is bordered by Asia to the north, Antarctica to the
south, Australia to the east, and Africa to the west. 

Southern Ocean: It encircles the entire Antarctic continent.

The rst baby to be born on the Antarctica continent was Emilio Marcos de Palma, on the 17th
January, 1978. And he was also the rst ever in history to be born as far south as he was.

Arctic Ocean: The Arctic is the smallest and shallowest of the ve Oceans, and falls mostly within the
Arctic Circle.

Water resources in oceans:

Paci c> Atlantic>Indian>arctic

The deepest recorded point on the ocean oor is the Mariana Trench(Paci c Ocean), with a depth of
nearly 36,000 feet.

Among the  ve oceans, the Indian Ocean is the hottest.

3. Top 5 minerals in earth’s crust

Oxygen>Silicon> Aluminium>Iron>Calcium

4. Top 4 gases in atmosphere

Nitrogen> Oxygen>Argon> CO2

5. Light year, Astronomical unit and Parsec are the units to measure length.

6. Solar system

Brightest star after sun: Sirius

Planet with maximum satellites: Jupiter
Red planet: Mars
Blue planet: Earth
Brightest planet: Venus
Biggest planet: Jupiter

7. Some more information

A. Atlantic Ocean between US and UK.
B. Largest land locked country: Kazakhstan

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C. Africa has the most number of countries.

D. the Nile has been determined to be the longest river in the world followed by the Amazon and the
Yangtze. 
E. the South China Sea disputes involves namely Brunei, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and
Vietnam.
F. the Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
G. Canada has the largest coastline among all the countries in the World.

Deserts in the world

Sahara:  North Africa

Gobi: Mongolia-China
Kalahari:  Southern Africa
Great Victoria: Australia
Great Sandy:  Australia
Thar: India

Indian City and Industries they are famous for

1) Bharuch (Gujarat): Petroleum, Petrochemicals

2) Surat (Gujarat): Textiles, Diamond

3) Rourkela (Orissa): Steel and Fertilizer

4) Sivakasi (Tamil Nadu): Safety Matches, Fireworks

5) Dibrugarh (Assam): Tea industries

6) Bokaro Steel City (Jharkhand): Steel and Coal

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7) Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh): Auto Parts

8) Firozabad (Uttar Pradesh): Glass and bangle works

9) Panna (Madhya Pradesh): Diamond Mines

10) Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh): Hand-loom

11) Bhagalpur (Bihar): Silks

Crops And Leading Producers States in India

Tea: Assam

Wheat, Sugarcane, Potato: UP

Rice, Jute: West Bengal

Coffee, Gold , Silk:  Karnataka

Rubber, Coconut:  Kerala

Saffron:  Jammu & Kashmir

Cotton, Ground Nut: Gujarat

Pulses: MP

Tobacco: Andhra Pradesh

Important World Organizations and Their HQs

1. World Bank: Washington DC, USA

2. International Monetary Fund [IMF]: Washington DC, USA

3. World Health Organization [WHO]: Geneva, Switzerland

4. World Trade Organization [WTO]: Geneva, Switzerland

5. International Labour Organization [ILO]: Geneva, Switzerland

6. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): Geneva, Switzerland

7. New Development Bank (BRICS Development Bank): Shanghai, China

8. Asian Development Bank: Manila, Philippines

9. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF): New York, USA

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10. United Nations Populations Fund (UNFPA): New York, USA

11. United Nations Education Scienti c & Cultural Organisation (UNESCO): Paris, France

12. International Atomic Agency: Vienna, Austria

13. Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Vienna, Austria

14. Amnesty International: London, UK

15. International Maritime Organisation: London. UK

16. Commonwealth of Nations: London, UK

17. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): Kathmandu, Nepal

18. Association of South East Nations (ASEAN): Jakarta, Indonesia

19. Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAO): Rome, Italy

20. International Court of Justice: The Hague, the Netherland

21. International Solar alliance: Gurugram, India

List of Important Countries Capital and Currency

Countries Capital Currency

Austria Vienna Euro

Argentina Buenos Aires Peso

Azerbaijan Baku   Manat

Bangladesh Dhaka Taka

Belarus Minsk Ruble

Belgium Brussels Euro

Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum

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Brazil Barsilia Real

China Beijing Yuan

Colombia Bogota Peso

Croatia Zagreb Kuna

Cuba Havana Peso

Denmark Copenhagen Krone

Egypt Cairo Pound

Finland Helsinki Euro

Hungary Budapest Forint

Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah

Iran Tehran Rial

Iraq Baghdad Dinar

Israel Jerusalem Shekel

Italy Rome Euro

Japan Tokyo Yen

Jordon Amman Dinar

Jamaica Kingston Dollar

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Kazakhstan Astana Tenge

Kenya Nairobi Shilling

Korea North Pyongyang Won

Korea South Seoul Won

Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit

Maldives Male Ru yaa

Mauritius Port Louis Rupee

Mexico Mexico city Peso

Myanmar (Burma) Nay Pyi Taw (Rangoon) Kyat

Nigeria Abuja Naira

Norway Oslo Krone

Portugal Lisbon Euro

Qatar Doha Riyal

Russia Moscow Ruble

Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal

Singapore Singapore Dollar

South Africa Cape Town Rand

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South Sudan Juba Pound

Spain Madrid Euro

Sri Lanka Colombo Rupee

Sweden Stockholm Krona

Switzerland Bern France

Syria Damascus Pound

Thailand Bangkok Baht

Turkey Ankara Lira

Uganda Kampala Shilling

Ukraine Kyiv Hryvnia

United Arab Emirates (UAE) Abu Dhabi Dirham

Vietnam Hanoi Dong

Peninsular river system

A pennisula is a piece of land that is bordered by water on three sides but connected to mainland.

1) East owing rivers: They fall in Bay of Bengal

• Mahanadi
• Godavari
• Krishna
• Kaveri

2) West owing rivers: – they fall in Arabian Sea

• Sabarmati
• Narmada (largest west owing)

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• Tapi

World Cities and rivers

• Baghdad(Iraq) :Tigris

• Budapest (Hungry) : Danube

• Cairo (Egypt) : Nile

• Karachi (Pakistan) : Indus

• London (England) : Thames

• New York (USA) : Hudson

• Paris (France) : Seine

• Rome ( Italy) : Tiber

• Sidney( Australia) : Darling

• Tokyo (Japan) : Arakava

• Vienna (Austria) : Danube

• Washington DC (USA) : Potomac

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