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UN in December 2018. There were 181 votes for the Compact, while two countries – the United
States and Hungary- voted against it. It builds upon New York Declaration for Refugees and
Migrants of 2016, which developed a Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. This post
discusses the potential and shortcomings of the compact on one of its main objectives: “to ease
pressures on host countries. It explains that the Compact acts as a new tool for monitoring and
international socialisation influence and could indeed be an important step in promoting a
comprehensive perspective to burden- and responsibility-sharing in refugee protection. However,
an effective outcome of the compact on this objective requires more work on reaching a shared
definition and indication of contributions to responsibility- and burden-sharing.
Maybe the greatest promise of the Compact is that it promotes collective decision making to
refugee situations. These new platforms do bring a new opportunity to think comprehensively
about burden-sharing which has been largely neglected in the contemporary forced displacement
contexts of Syrian and Rohingya refugees. The pressures of a high volume of refugees on
neighbouring states were mostly treated by unilateral pledges undertaken on an ad hoc basis,
but not by a systematic international dialogue. In contrast, the Compact promises a new
structured and regularised way of addressing the pressures of host states.
However, one significant shortcoming of the Compact in its promise to ease the pressures of
host countries is that it does not create a legal obligation to do so. The Compact uses strong
language about state sovereignty, and the voluntary aspect of pledges and commitments.
Despite offering a multi-stakeholder and partnership approach, the Compact repeats that it is up
to the ‘concerned’ or ‘interested’ states to use these newly developed platforms and contribute to
this cause. This line of thought implies that most states might not show up on these platforms as
the attendance at the Global Refugee Forum and Support Platform is not compulsory.
It should also be acknowledged that the GCR was developed as a result of growing political will
and ambition of UN member states. If this international awareness about refugee situations
remains, states might indeed be inclined to ease the pressures on host societies through
international societal pressures.
However, a commonly accepted method should be promoted by UNHCR in the Global Refugee
Forums to at least start calculating the size of the ‘contributions’ to and ‘pressures’ on host
countries. This also applies to the indicators for the success of the Compact, promised to be
developed in the first Global Refugee Forum in 2019 (paragraph 102). It is important that such
indicators bring a common universal understanding of what defines a ‘good (and sufficient)
contribution’ to start making better judgments on responsibility-sharing.