1.

La densidad del potasio que tiene una estructura BCC es

0.855 g/cm3 y su peso atómico es 39.09 g/mol. Calcular
el parámetro reticular.

2. The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, En,

may be represented by the sum of:
𝐴 𝐵
𝐸𝑁 = − +
𝑟 𝑟𝑛
Calculate the bonding energy 𝐸𝑜 in terms of the
parameters A, B and n

3. The net potential energy 𝐸𝑁 between two adjacent ions is

sometimes represented by the expression:
𝐶 𝑟
𝐸𝑁 = − + 𝐷𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− )
𝑟 𝜌
In which 𝑟 is the interionic separation and C, D, and 𝜌 are
constans whose values dependo n the specific material.
a. Derive an expression for the bonding energy Eo in terms
of the equilibrium interionic separation ro and the
constants D and 𝜌
b. Derive another expression for Eo in terms of ro, C and 𝜌
using a procedure analogous to the outlined in part a

4. Determine the number of covalent bonds that are posible

for atoms of the following elements: Germanium,
phosphorus, selenium and chlorine.
 5. It was noted that the net bonding energy E_n between two
isolated positive and negative ions is a function of
interionic distance r as follows:

𝐴 𝐵
𝐸𝑁 = − +
𝑟 𝑟𝑛
Where A, B and n are constants for the particular ion pair.
This equation is also valid for the bonding energy between
adjacent ions in solid materials. The modulus of elasticity
E is proportional to the slope of the interionic force
separation curve at the equilibrium interionic separation,
that is,
𝑑𝐹
𝐸∝( )
𝑑𝑟 𝑟𝑜
Derive an expression for the dependence of the modulus
of elasticity on these A, B and n parameters (for the two-
ion system).

6. Determine the mínimum radius of an atom that will just fi

tinto (a) the tetrahedral interstitial site in FCC nickel and
b) the octahedral intersticial site in BCC lithium.

7. Using the ionic raddi given in appendix B, determine the

coordination number for the following compounds:
a) 𝑌2 𝑂3 b) 𝑈𝑂2 c) 𝐵𝑎𝑂 d) 𝑆𝑖3 𝑁4
e) 𝐺𝑒𝑂2 f) 𝑀𝑛𝑂 g) 𝑀𝑔𝑆 h) 𝐾𝐵𝑟
8. Would you expect 𝑁𝑖𝑂 to have the cesium chloride, sodium
chloride, or zinc blende structure? Based on your answer,
determine: a) the lattice parameter b) the density c) packing
factor.
9. Would you expect CsBr to hace the sodium chloride, zinc
blende, fluorite or cesium chloride structure? Based on your
answer determine: a) the lattice parameter b)the density c) the
packing factor
10. Derive the minimun catión-to-anion radius ratio rc/ra for the
coordination to be stable.

Coordination Cation-Anion Coordination

number Radius Ratio geometry
2 <0.155 Lineal
3 0.155-0.225 Trigonal
4 0.225-0.414 tetraédrica
6 0.414-0.732 octaédrica
8 0.732-1.0 cúbica
12 >1.0 HCP – CCP

Table 13.4 Summary of some commom ceramic srystal

structures
Structure Structur Anion CN CN Example
name e type packin Catio anio s
g n n
Rock salt AX FCC 6 6 NaCl,
(sodium MgO, FeO
chloride)
Cesium AX Simple 8 8 CsCl
chloride cubic
Zinc blende AX FCC 4 4 ZnS, SiC
(Sphalerite
)
Fluorite 𝐴𝑋2 Simple 8 4 CaF2,
cubic UO2,
ThO2
Perovskite 𝐴𝐵𝑋3 FCC 12(A) 6 BaTiO3,
6(B) SrZrO3,
SrSnO3
Spinel 𝐴𝐵2 𝑋4 FCC 4(a) 4 MgAl2O4,
6(B) FeAl2O4