31

F. Y. B. Com
ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES
He³ee&JejCe DeY³eeme
MAP BOOK
(SUPPLIMENT)
 © UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Dr. Sanjay Deshmukh
Vice Chancellor,
University of Mumbai

Dr. Ambuja Salgaonkar Dr. Dhaneswar Harichandan

Incharge Director, Incharge Study Material Section,
IDOL, University of Mumbai IDOL, University of Mumbai

Programme Co-ordinator : Dr. Madhura Kulkarni

Astt. Prof. Cum Asst.Director,
IDOL, Universityof Mumbai,
Kalina Santacruz, Mumbai-98

Course Writers : Dr. Hemant M. Pednekar, Principal

Sonapant Dandekar College,
Palghar

February 2017, F. Y. B. Com., Environmental Studies He³ee&JejCe DeY³eeme Map

Book (Suppliment)

Published by : Incharge Director

Institute of Distance and Open Learning ,
University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari,
Santacruz (E), Mumbai - 400 098.
ipin Enterprises
DTP Composed TantiaArts
: Ashwini Jogani Industrial Estate, Unit No. 2,
Ground Floor,
Gurukripa Chawl, Sitaram MillMarg,
M.C. Chagla Compound,
Bamanwada,
Vile Parle (E), Mumbai - 400 099.
J.R. Boricha Marg, Mumbai - 400 Pace Computronics
011
Printed by :
 CONTENTS
Unit No. Title Page No.

SECTION - I 1 - 39
1. Cartographic Techniques
Need of Cartographic Techniques
2. Cartographic Techniques
Map Reading
3. Tips for solving questions related to the Cartographic
Techniques
4. Exercises - Cartographic Techniques
Maps and questions from the earlier question papers

SECTION - II 40 - 62
5. World Map
Environmentally Significant Features
6. Exercises - World Map

SECTION - III 63 - 86
7. Maps of Konkan
8. Exercises - Map of Konkan

SECTION - IV 87 - 111
9. Maps of Mumbai
10. Exercises - Map of Mumbai


 1

SECTION - I

CARTOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES

efJeYeeie - 1
vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$es
 2

1
CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
1.1 NEED OF CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Introduction -
We deal with the different types of quantitative data every day
e.g. Time, Distance, Weight, Temperature, Rainfall, Price,
Discount, Attendance %, Marks in the examination etc.

Similarly lot of statistical or Quantitative data is used for various

purposes like administration, planning etc.

Many of us have fear about mathematics and hence they are

reluctant to pay attention to the numbers.

Cartographic Techniques help us to present numerical

information / Quantitative information in the attractive form - i.e. in
the form of a diagram. We hate to take medicine in the form of bitter
powder but we take the same bitter medicine (powder) easily in the
form of a capsule - because capsule looks very attractive.

CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Located Bars Isopleth map
located Circles Choropleth Map
Pie/chart Dot Map
Flow Map Pictogram

1.2 ADVANTAGES

The advantages of the cartographic techniques are as

follows :

1) Graphical Form -
Cartographic techniques like bars, circles, pie charts have
specific attractive graphical forms :
 3

2) Diagrams are proportional to the Quantity which they

represent :

We do not write numbers proportional to the quantity which

they represent. e.g. Number 1 (one) and number 9 (nine) in this
case we dot not write number Nine-9 times larger than number one.
Hence the difference between 1 and 9 may not be very distinct. But
if we represent these numbers with the help of bars, then we find
that bar for number 9 is nine times bigger than the bar of number 1.

Hence even a illiterate person can easily understand

difference between number one and number nine with the help of
cartographic technique (bar).

3) Attractive colours and shades can be used for the

cartographic techniques -
We are fond of colours. We prefer colour T.V. than the black
and white T.V. Girls apply bright colured lipsticks to look very
attractive. Similarly colourful cartographic techniques attract our
attention and serve our purpose of conveying statistical information
easily to the reader.

4) Isolated from text -

Diagrams and maps are generally isolated from the text.
These are drawn within a frame - mostly rectangular. Hence they
are not mixed with the text matter. Statistical data or numbers
written along with the text are not highlighted or attract our
attention. On the other hand diagrams or maps drawn within frame
attract our attention. Even the blank space within the framework of
diagram or map help us to focus our attention on the map or the
cartographic techniques e.g. Leader who is giving his speech from
the stage attracts more attention than the leader standing in the
crowd.
 4

5) Pictoral form -
The process of learning starts with the help of pictures e.g.
‘A’ for apple. Similarly picture or line sketch of female on railway
compartment or toilet becomes more effective than the written
words. There are many languages in this world and hence if you
know particular language only then you can read that word and
understand its meaning, but language of picture is understood by
anyone in this world. Illiterate or literate, young or old.

‘I Love You’

You can understand Anyone in the world

this message only if can understand its
you know English meaning

In pictogram - one of the cartographic technique - we use

appropriate pictures to represent our data e.g. picture of tree to
represent forest, Atomic reactor for atomic power stations, or
human being for population.

Forest Population

6) Logical Reasoning -
In the different cartographic techniques some kind of logical
reasoning is used in each technique. e.g. Bar is a linear diagram,
where length of bar is proportional to the quantity it represents.
In circle diagram area of the circle is drawn proportional to
the quantity it represents.
 5

1.3 CARTOGRAHIC TECHNIQUES

1) Located Bars :
Bar is a linear diagram, which means the length of bar is
drawn proportional to its length.

10

When bar is placed on the map at proper location it is

termed as located bar. It is necessary to compare bar with the key
provided in the map to know its actual or approximate value. i.e. if
length of the bar drawn on the map is same as the bar represented
in the key then we get exact value of the bar, but the length of bar
is between two values of the bars represented in the key, then we
get approximate value.

Bar can be drawn in vertical or horizontal direction but width

of all bars should remain same.

Bars are drawn to represent population, industrial

production, crop production, mineral production rainfall etc.
6
 7

2) Located Circles :
Circle is a areal diagram, which means area of the circle is
drawn proportional to the quantity it represents. Hence circles are
used for the data which has greater range - (i.e. difference between
the lower and higher value.) When circle is drawn on the map at
proper location it is termed as located circle. We can compare size
of the circle drawn on the map with the circle drawn in the key by
comparing their diameters.

Circles are drawn to represent population, crop production or

the production of various commodities.
8
 9

3) Divided Circles :
Divided circles help us to represent sub-divisions in the
quantity represented e.g. Different sources of power are generated
at a particular place. e.g. hydel, thermal and atomic. This variation
can be represented with the help of divided circles. In this case size
of the circle will represent total amount of power generated at a
particular place and each sector of the circle will be drawn
proportional to the production of particular type of power i.e. hydel
or thermal etc. It is assumed that the total amount of power
generated is equal to the total degrees of the circle i.e. 360 and so
each segment or sector representing subdivision will be drawn
proportionately.

Divided circles or Pie diagram : Example 2

Subdivisions in the data can be represented effectively with
the help of divided circles or pie diagram. Circle can be divided into
3600 and hence the total quantity is assumed to be 3600 and the
subdivisions are represented as segments of the circle for which
the angle of the segment is proportional to the quantity of the
subdivision.
10
 11

4) Isopleth and Choropleth -

In both these cartographic techniques line shades are used
to represent data. Darker shade represents higher density & lighter
shade represents lower density.

a) Choropleth Map :
‘Choro’ means Region and ‘Pleth’ means density. Hence
choropleth map is a map which represents density distribution
within the various regions or administrative units.

Government collects statistical data from the people every

10 years through ‘Census’ operations. Hence lot of information /
data is available - village wise, talukawise, districtwise, statewise,
and countriwise. This information can be effectively represented by
choropleth map.

In order to bring out variation within data, it is divided into 4-5

classes. Line shades are used to represent these classes. Darker
shade is used for high density and lighter shade is used for low
density.
12
 13

b) Isopleth Map :
Iso means equal and pleth means density. Hence Isopleth
map represents data with the help of Iso lines i.e. the lines of equal
value. In order to bring out variation in the data, area between
isolines is covered by line shades. Darker shade is used to
represent higher density and lighter shade is used to represent
lower density. Similar to the shades used in the choropleth map.

Data of natural elements like temperature, rainfall, atmospheric

pressure etc. has no relation with the administrative boundaries or
administrative units. Hence in Isopleth map administrative
boundaries are avoided and data related to natural features like
temperature, rainfall atmosphere pressure etc. is represented with
the help of isolines.

1) Temperature values at different locations.

20c 20c

20c

30c 30c

30c

2) Isolines of 20c and 30c

20c 20c

20c
30c

30c 30c

3) Selection of shades Darker shade for areas having higher

temperature ( 30c )
 14

4)

Lighter shade for the areas having lower temperature

(< 20c )
15
 16

5) DOT MAP

A Map in which ‘dots’ are used to represent distribution is

known as Dot Map. It is one of the density maps. It is easy to draw
and simple to understand.

Dot plays key role in the Dot Map and hence it is necessary
to remember.

1) Size of dot - It should not be too large or it should not be too

small. Size of dot is determined accordingly to the size of the map
and value of the dot.

2) Value of dot - Each dot has specific value in the Dot Map and
hence value of dot is carefully decided on the basis of size of the
map and size of the dot.

3) Placement of the dots - Earth’s surface is not even. Some

areas are suitable for man while other areas are not. Relief & other
factors are considered for the proper placement of the dots.
17
 18

6) Flow map -
Arrow indicates direction of movement. Hence flow line
indicates movement of population or material from one place to
another.

A B C

Width of the line or thickness of the flow line represents

quantity carried from one place to another.
Areas of production and the areas of consumption are not
same every where. Hence material is transported from one place to
another. This interaction between two places can be represented
by the flow map more effectively. In this map flow line is drawn
between two places and width of the line is drawn proportioned to
the quantity of the material transferred from one place to another.
Flow map is also used to represent migration of people from one
place to another.

B
D A

In the above diagram place A is connected to the places B

C and D The amount of material transported from A to other

places is as follows.

From To Material transported (in Thousand tones)

A B 20
A C 10
A D 50

In order to represent this data we will have to select suitable

scale i.e.
5 m.m. for 50 thousand tonnes.
2 m.m. for 20 thousand tonnes.
1 m.m. for 10 thousand tonnes.
19
 20

7) Pictogram -
The ultimate goal of any map is to convey information
effectively and attractively to the reader.

Pictures are very effective in communicating information. All

people young or old like pictures and hence information or data is
represented effectively with the help of pictures, in Pictogram. e.g.
Forest Population

There are two methods of drawing pictograms :

a) Size of the symbols remains same in this method small size
symbols / pictures are used. Each symbol / picture has specific
value e.g. one picture of man represents 10,000 persons and so
in order to represents population of 50,000 persons we will have to
draw 5 pictures.

b) Variable size of the pictures - In this method size of the

picture - i.e. height of the picture - is drawn proportionately to the
quantity which it represents.

Population in Thousands

- 50

-25

-10
21
 22

Tips for solving questions related in the Cartographic

Techniques.
LOCATED BARS
How to solve questions related to the located bars?
1) Take a piece of paper or you can use edge of your question
paper.
2) Keep this paper near to the bar and mark height of the bar on
the paper with the help of pencil marks. (Fig. 1)

Pencil
marks

Key
Production in
thousand tonnes
- 100
- 80
- 50

Paper Strip

Figure 1
3) Now shift paper near to the key of the map. If height of the bar
perfectly matches with the height of the bar in the key then you can
mention exact value of the bar. (Fig.2)
Pencil marks on the strip match with the bar in the key and hence
we can mention exact value as production 100 thousand tonnes.

Key
Production in
thousand tonnes
- 100
- 80
- 50

Paper Strip

Figure 2
 23

Key production in
Thousand tonnes

- 100
- 80
- 50

Pencil marks on the strip do not match with the bar in the key
and hence we can not mention exact value so our answer is
production is between 80 to 100 thousand tonnes.

Figure 3

But if it is in between two bars in the key, then mention lower

and upper values represented in the key. (Fig. 3)

Same technique can be used for the located circles map and
flow diagram.

In the case of located circles mark the diameter of the circle on

the strip of paper with the help of pencil marks and compare it with
the key given in the map.

Pencil marks

Key
Population
In million
50

25

Fig. 4
 24

Key
Population in Million
50
25

Pencil marks

In this case diameter of the circle is between ‘25’ and ‘50’ so

our answer is Population of the city is between 25 to 50 million.

Figure 5

In the case of flow map mark width of the flow on the strip of
paper and compare it with key, given in the map.
 25

1
vekeÀeMee Meem$eer³e leb$es
1.1 vekeÀeMee Meeñeer³e leb$eeb®eer iejpe

ÒemleeJevee –
DeeHeCe jespe efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®eer meebeqK³ekeÀer³e ceeefnleer JeeHejlees. Goe. JesU, Deblej, Jepeve,
leeHeceeve, Hepe&v³eceeve, cetu³e, meJeuele, npesjer, Hejer#esleerue iegCeeb®eer ìkeÌkesÀJeejer F.
³ee®eÒeceeCes mebK³eeMeem$e%e, efve³eespeve le%e JesieJesieȳee ÒekeÀej®eer meebeqK³ekeÀer³e DeekeÀ[sJeejer
JesieJesieȳee keÀejCeebmeeþer JeeHejleele.
DeeHeu³eeHewkeÀer yeN³ee®e peCeebvee ieefCele efJe<e³ee®eer efYeleer Jeeìles Je l³eecegUs DeeHeCe DeekeÀ[sJeejerkeÀ[s
ogue&#e keÀjlees. veerì ue#e osTve Jee®ele veener.
meebeqK³ekeÀer³e leb$eeb®³ee JeeHejeves, vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer leb$eeb®³ee JeeHejeves efkeÀ®ekeÀì DeekeÀ[sJeejer /
ceeefnleer DeeHeCe DeekeÀ<e&keÀ HeOoleerves ceeb[t MekeÀlees. Deeke=Àl³eeb®³ee ceeO³eeceeletve Demes keÀjCes Meke̳e nesles.
(Deew<eOee®eer Het[ keÀ[Jeì ueeieu³eecegUs DeeHeCe leer Het[ Keeleevee veejepe Demelees. HeCe leer®e Het[
DeekeÀ<e&keÀ ke@ÀHemetue ceOetve DeeHeCe Deeveboeves Ieslees.)
vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eeb®es ÒekeÀej
1) mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYe (Located Bars)
2) mLeeveebefkeÀle Jele&gUs (Located circles)
3) efJeYeeefpele Jele&gUs (Pie chart)
4) DeeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (Flow Map)
5) meceoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (Isopleth Map)
6) ÒeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (Choropleth Map)
7) efìbyeeb®ee vekeÀeMee (Dot Map)
8) ef®e$eeke=Àleer (Pictogram)

1.2 vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eeb®es HeÀe³eos Heg{erueÒeceeCes Deensle

1) YeewefceeflekeÀ DeekeÀej - mlebYe Jele&gUs, efJeYeeefpele Jele&gUs ³eebvee JewefMeäHetCe& YeewefceeflekeÀ DeekeÀej
Demeleele, DeeefCe les DeekeÀej DeekeÀ<e&keÀ Demeleele.
 26

2) Deeke=Àl³ee ÒeceeCeyeOo Demeleele - DeeHeCe DeekeÀ[s ÒeceeCeyeOo efuenerle veener. Goe. 1 Je 9 ns

DeekeÀ[s efueefnleevee 1 Hes#ee 9 ne DeekeÀ[e 9 HeìeRveer ceesþe Deens cnCetve DeeHeCe lees 9 Heì ceesþe
efuenerle veener.

HeCe ner®e DeekeÀ[sJeejer p³eeJesUer DeeHeCe Deeke=Àleer®³ee ceeO³eceeletve meeoj keÀjlees l³eeJesUer 9
meeþer keÀe{uesueer Deeke=Àleer cee$e 9 Heì ceesþer Demeles.

cnCepes®e vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eeb®³ee JeeHejecegUs DeefMeef#ele-De[eCeer ceeCemeeueener 1 Je 9 ceOeerue

HeÀjkeÀ ®eìkeÀve keÀUt MekeÀlees.
3) DeekeÀ<e&keÀ jbie - Deeke=Àl³ee lemes®e vekeÀeMes l³eele JeeHejuesu³ee jbieebcegUs DeekeÀ<e&keÀ efomeleele.
pegv³ee keÀeȳee-Heeb{N³ee (b/w) ìerJner Hes#ee veJ³ee jbieerrle ìerJnerleerue ef®e$es DeefOekeÀ íeve
Jeeìleele. cegueer DeekeÀ<e&keÀ efomeC³eemeeþer ie[o jbiee®es efueHeefmìkeÀ ueeJeleele. l³eecegUs
l³eeb®³eekeÀ[s ®eìkeÀve ue#e peeles lemes®e Deeke=Àleerleerue jbieebcegUs Deeke=ÀleerkeÀ[s ®eìkeÀve ue#e peeles.
Deeke=Àleerleerue ueneve ceesþîee mebK³eeceOeerue HeÀjkeÀ keÀUlees Je Jee®ekeÀeHe³e¥le ceeefnleer Heesnes®eles.
4) Deeke=Àleer JesieUer mJeleb$e Demeles - Deeke=Àl³ee Je vekeÀeMes meeOeejCele: Dee³eleeke=Àleer ®eewkeÀìerle
keÀe{ues peeleele. l³eecegUs les Flej ceeefnleerHes#ee JesieUs efomeleele. ceeefnleerle efcemeUtve peele veener.
l³eecegUs les DeeHeues ue#e JesOetve Iesleele. Deeke=Àleerle DemeCeeN³ee ceeskeÀȳee peeiescegUsner Deeke=Àleer
GþeJeoej efomeles. Goe. SKeeoe Heg{ejer mìsspeJej, ieoeaHeemetve JesieUe Demesue lej l³ee®³eekeÀ[s
ueies®e ue#e peeles HeCe lees®e Heg{ejer ieoeale Demesue lej ®eìkeÀve DeesUKet ³esle veener.
5) ef®e$eeb®ee JeeHej - DeeHeueer efMekeÀC³ee®eer ÒeefkeÀ³ee ef®e$eeb®³ee JeeHejeves®e meg© nesles. Goe. A for
Apple lemes®e jsuJes®³ee [y³eeJejerue efkebÀJee Meew®eeue³eeJejerue ceefnues®es ef®e$e SKeeÐee De[eCeer
ceefnuesueener mecepet MekeÀles. keÀejCe MeyoebHes#ee ef®e$es DeefOekeÀ ÒeYeeJeer Demeleele. One picture
is equivalent to 1000 words.
peieele DeveskeÀ Yee<ee Deensle. legcnebuee leer Yee<ee ³esle Demesue lej®e l³ee®ess Jee®eve keÀjlee ³esF&ue Je
ceeefnleer keÀUsue HeCe ef®e$eeb®eer Yee<ee meJee¥vee®e keÀUles.
 27

ef®e$eeke=Àleer (Pictogram) ³ee vekeÀeMee Meem$eer³e leb$eele ceeefnleer oeKeefJeC³eemeeíer

Deeke=Àleer®ee JeeHej kesÀuee peelees. Goe. - Jeveebmeeþer Pee[e®es ef®e$e ueeskeÀmebK³ee oeKeefJeC³eemeeþer
ceeCemee®es ef®e$e.

6) leke&Àmebieleer (Logical Reasoning) - efJeefJeOe vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eele efJeefMe<ì

ÒekeÀej®ee leeeqlJekeÀ Hee³ee Demelees. lees mecepetve IesCes meesshes nesles.

1) mlebYe (Bars) - ner js<eelcekeÀ Deeke=Àleer Deens Je ³ee Deeke=Àleerleerue Òel³eskeÀ mlebYee®eer Gb®eer
efkebÀJee ueebyeer ner l³ee mlebYeeves oMe&efJeuesu³ee DeekeÀ[sJeejer®³ee ÒeceeCeele Demeles.

2) Jele&gU (Divided Circles) - ner #es$eer³e (Areal) Deeke=Àleer Deens. ³eeceO³es Jele&gUe®es
#es$eHeÀU ns Deeke=Àleer®³ee ÒeceeCeele Demeles. ceesþîee mebK³esmeeþer ceesþs Jele&gU lej íesìîee
mebK³esmeeþer íesìs Jele&gU keÀe{leele.

3) efJeYeeefpele Jele&gU - (Divided Circles) - efouesu³ee DeekeÀ[sJeejerleerue Yeeie ns

Jele&gUKeb[ebves oMe&efJeues peeleele. Jele&gUe®ee HetCe& keÀesve ne 360 Demelees. SketÀCe DeekeÀ[sJeejer
ner 360 Deens Demes ceevetve DeekeÀ[sJeejerleerue Yeeie l³ee ÒeceeCeele keÀe{leele. l³eecegUs
Jele&gUKeb[e®es legkeÀ[s / Yeeie ns l³ee DeekeÀ[sJeejer®³ee meceÒeceeCeele Demeleele.
 28

4) meceoeìer Je ÒeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMes. (Isopleth and Choropleth

maps) ³ee oesvner vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eele js<eeb®³ee íìeb®ee JeeHej kesÀuee peelees. ie[o
íìe (Dark Shade) ner peemle Ievelee oMe&efJeles lej efJejU íìe (Light shade)
ner keÀceer Ievelee oMe&efJeles.

5) DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee – (Flow map) – yeeCe ne efoMee oMe&efJelees Je DeesIejs<ee ner

ueeslemebK³es®eer efkebÀJee ceeuee®eer SkeÀe efþkeÀeCeeJe©ve ogmejerkeÀ[s nesCeejer neue®eeue oMe&efJeles.

js<es®³ee pee[er DeLeJee ©boerJe©ve SkeÀe efþkeÀeCeeJe©ve ogmejerkeÀ[s efkeÀleer ceeue vesC³eele Deeuee
les mecepeles. Goe. Jejerue Deeke=Àleerle ye keÀ[tve De keÀ[s peeCeeN³ee ceeuee®es ÒeceeCe peemle Deens
lej keÀ keÀ[s peeCeeN³ee ceeuee®es ÒeceeCe keÀceer Deens.

6) ef®e$eeke=Àleer (Pictogram) - ³ee vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eele DeekeÀ[sJeejer meg³eesi³e

ef®e$eeb®³ee meene³³eeves oMe&efJeueer peeles. Goe. Jeves oeKeefJeC³eemeeþer Pee[e®es ef®e$e. ³eeceO³es
oesve ÒekeÀej Deensle.

De) ef®e$eeb®ee DeekeÀej meejKee®e - Goe. SkeÀe J³eekeÌleer®es ef®e$e cnCepes 10,000
ueeskeÀmebK³ee Demes ceeveu³eeme 50,000 ueeskeÀmebK³ee oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer (10,000 
5  50,00 ) 5 ef®e$es keÀe{eJeer ueeieleerue.
 29

ye) ef®e$eeb®ee DeekeÀej ueneve ceesþe - ³eeceO³es ueneve DeekeÀ[sJeejermeeþer íesìs ef®e$e lej
ceesþîee DeekeÀ[sJeejermeeþer ceesþs ef®e$e keÀe{leele.

1.3 vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$es

1) mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYe – mlebYe ner js<eelcekeÀ Deeke=Àleer (Linear Diagram) Deens. ³ee
Deeke=Àleerle mlebYee®eer Gb®eer DeekeÀ[sJeejer®³ee ÒeceeCeele keÀceer-peemle Demeles.
mlebYe vekeÀeMeeJej ³eesi³e peeieer keÀe{u³eeme l³eebvee mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYe Demes mebyeesOeues peeles.
mlebYee®es De®etkeÀ efkebÀJee Deboepes cetu³e keÀe{C³eemeeþer mlebYee®³ee Gb®eer®eer leguevee met®eerceO³es
efouesu³ee mlebYeeMeer keÀjeJeer ueeieles. pej ner Gb®eer met®eerleerue mlebYeeMeer pegUueer lej mlebYee®es
De®etkeÀ cetu³e meebieCes Meke̳e Demeles. HeCe pej vekeÀeMeeleerue mlebYeeleerue Gb®eer met®eerleerue mlebYee®³ee
Gb®eerMeer pegUle vemesue lej De®etkeÀ cetu³e meebielee ³esCeej veener. DeMeeJesUer Deboepes cetu³e meebefieleues
peeles.

mlebYe GYes efkebÀJee Dee[Jes keÀe{lee ³essleele. HeCe meJe& mlebYeeb®eer Gb®eer meejKeer DemeCes DeeJeM³ekeÀ
Deens.

ueeskeÀmebK³ee, DeewÐeebefiekeÀ GlHeeove, Oeev³e GlHeeove, Keefvepe GlHeeove, Hepe&v³eceeve

oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer mlebYe keÀe{ues peeleele. (meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 9 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

2) mLeeveebbefkeÀle Jele&gUs
Jele&gU ner #es$eHeÀUelcekeÀ Deeke=Àleer Deenss. cnCepes®e ÒeceeCeyeOo Jele&gUeble Jele&gUeb®es #es$eHeÀU
DeekeÀ[sJeejer®³ee ÒeceeCeele Demeles.
Jele&gUs vekeÀeMeeJej ³eesi³e peeieer keÀe{u³eeme l³eebvee `ÒeceeCeyeOo Jele&g&Us' Demes mebyeesOeues peeles.

vekeÀeMeeleerue Jele&g¥Ueb®³ee DeekeÀeje®eer (J³eemee®eer) leguevee met®eerle efouesu³ee Jele&gUeb®³ee

J³eemeeMeer keÀ©ve DeeHeu³eeuee Jele&gUe®es cetu³e (De®etkeÀ efkebÀJee Deboepes) keÀUt MekeÀles.
ueeskeÀmebK³ee, Oeev³e GlHeeove Jele&gUeb®³ee meene³³eeves oeKeefJelee ³esles.
(meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 10 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)
 30

3) efJeYeeefpele Jele&gUs
efJeYeeefpele Jele&gUeb®ee JeeHej SKeeÐee IeìkeÀebleerue GHeefJeYeeie oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer kesÀuee peelees. Goe.
SKeeÐee efþkeÀeCeer JeeHejC³eele ³esCeejer efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®eer Gpee& - peueefJeÐegled, Deeweq<CekeÀ Gpee&, DeCet
Gpee&. Fl³eeoer.

³ee ÒeosMeemeeþer keÀe{C³eele Deeuesues Jele&gU ns l³ee ÒeosMeemeeþer JeeHejC³eele ³esCeejer SketÀCe Gpee&
oMe&Jesue. ner Gpee& cnCepes Jele&gUe®ee SketÀCe keÀesve 360 Demes ceevetve l³eeme Gpex®es Flej ÒekeÀej
l³eeb®³ee ÒeceeCeevegmeej oMe&efJelee ³esleerue. Goe.

peueTpee& - 50…
Deeweq<CekeÀ Tpee& - 40…
DeCet Tpee& - 10…
SketÀCe – 100…

peueTpee&
360 ƒ 50
100…  50… † 1800
100
360…  180…
Deeweq<CekeÀ Tpee&
360 ƒ 40
100…  40… † 1440
100
360… 
DeCetTpee&
360 ƒ 10
100…  10… † 360
100
360… 

(meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 13 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

4) ÒeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (CHOROPLETH)

CHORO cnCepes ÒeosMe Je PLETH cnCepes Ievelee, DeeefCe l³eecegUs ÒeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ
vekeÀeMeeble ueeskeÀmebK³es®³ee Ieveles®es efJelejCe ÒeMeemekeÀer³e /MeemekeÀer³e ÒeosMeele oMe&efJeues peeles.

mejkeÀejleHexÀ oj 10 Je<ee¥veer ueeskeÀmebK³es®eer peveieCevee DenJeeue (Census Report)

ÒekeÀeefMele kesÀuee peelees. ³eecegUs DeeHeu³eeuee ieeJe, leeuegkeÀe, efpeune, jep³e Je jeä^ HeeleUerJejerue
 31

meebeqK³ekeÀer³e ceeefnleer menpe GHeueyOe nesles. DeMeer ceeefnleer ÒeHeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeeÜejs

(CHOROPLETH) oMe&efJelee ³esles.

meebeqK³ekeÀer³e ceeefnleer ÒeosMeoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeele oeKeefJeleevee SKeeÐee ÒeosMeeleerue efJeefMeä

IeìkeÀe®es (Goe. ueeskeÀmebK³ee) efJelejCe mecepeCes meesHes JneJes ³eemeeþer ceeefnleer®es 4-5 ieìebceO³es
efJeYeepeve kesÀues peeles. ³ee Òel³eskeÀ ieìemeeþer js<eebveer (efkebÀJee efìbyeebveer) le³eej kesÀuesueer íìe (shade)
JeeHejueer peeles.

peemle Ievelee oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer ie[o íìs®ee Je keÀceer Ievelee oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer efJejU íìs®ee
JeeHej kesÀuee peelees.
(meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 15 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

De) meceoeìer oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (ISOPLETH MAP)

ISO cnCepes mece Je PLETH cnCepes Ievelee. meceoeìeroMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeele meceeve Ievelee
cetu³e DemeCeeN³ee js<ee - mececetu³e js<ee (ISO Lines) keÀe{u³ee peeleele. vekeÀeMeeleerue efJelejCe
DeefOekeÀ mHeä JneJes ³eemeeþer oesve mececetu³e js<eebceOeerue Yeeieebmeeþer efJeefJeOe íìeb®ee JeeHej kesÀuee peelees.
ÒeosMe oeìer oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeeÒeceeCes®e meceoeìer oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeelener peemle Ievelesmeeþer ie[o íìe Je
keÀceer Ievelesmeeþer efJejU íìs®ee JeeHej kesÀuee peelees.

leeHeceeve, Hepe&v³eceeve, Jee³egYeej, F. IeìkeÀ oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer meceoeìer oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee®ee

JeeHej kesÀuee peelees. (³ee IeìkeÀeb®ee ÒeMeemekeÀer³e meercesMeer - Administrative Boundaries
mebyebOe vemelees)efJelejCe oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer mececetu³e js<eeb®ee JeeHej keÀjleele. Goe. leeHeceeve
0
oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer meceleeHe js<ee (Isotherm) JeeHejueer peeles. 30 mes.®eer. meceleeHe js<ee p³ee
efþkeÀeCeer leeHeceeve 300 mes. Deens DeMee meJe& efþkeÀeCeebvee pees[les. lej 200 mes. ®eer meceleeHejs<ee 200
mes. leeHeceeve DemeCeeN³ee efþkeÀeCeebvee pees[sue. ³ee js<eebceOeerue Yeeieebmeeþer ie[o-efJejU íìeb®ee JeeHej
keÀjlee ³esF&ue.
 32

(meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 18 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

5) ìeRye oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee :

efJelejCe oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer efìbyeeb®ee JeeHej kesÀuee peelees. Ievelee oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer JeeHejuee
peeCeeje ne vekeÀeMee®ee SkeÀ ÒekeÀej Deens. ne keÀe{C³eemeeþer Je mecepeC³eemeeþer ner Del³eble meesHee
Demeles.

efìbye oMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeeyeeyeleerle Keeueerue yeeyeer ue#eele I³eeJ³ee ueeieleele.

1) ìeRyee®ee DeekeÀej - ìeRyes ner Deefle ceesþer efkebÀJee Deefle ueneve Demetve ve³esle. vekeÀeMee®³ee
DeekeÀejevegmeej efìbyeeb®ee DeekeÀej þjJeeJee.
2) efìbyeeb®es cegu³e - Òel³eskeÀ efìbyeeuee SkeÀ efJeefMe<ì Yegue³e Demeles. efìbyeeb®es cegu³e ns vekeÀeMee®ee DeekeÀej
Je efìbyeeb®ee DeekeÀej efJe®eejele IesJetve keÀeUpeerHetJe&keÀ þjJeeJes.
3) efìbyeeb®eer peeiee - He=LJeer®ee He=<þYeeie mejmekeÀì meJe& efþkeÀeCeer meejKee veener. l³eecegUs efìbyeeb®³ee
j®evesmeeþer ³ee®eener efJe®eej keÀjeJee ueeielees. (meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 20 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

6) DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee (FLOW MAP)

efHekeÀles lesLes efJekeÀle veener Demee JeekedÀÒe®eej Deens. cnCepes®e GlHeeovee®es ÒeosMe Je GHeYeesiee®es
ÒeosMe (ûeenkeÀ) JesieJesieUs Demeleele Je SkeÀe efþkeÀeCeeJeªve ogmeN³ee efþkeÀeCeer efkeÀleer ÒeceeCeele ceeue
vesuee ns oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee®ee JeeHej keÀjlee ³eslees.

DeesIe oMe&efJeC³eemeeþer js<es®ee JeeHej keÀjleele. ceeueeb®³ee ÒeceeCeevegmeej js<es®eer pee[er keÀceer-peemle
kesÀueer peeles. DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee®ee JeeHej ueeskeÀmebK³es®es SkeÀe efþkeÀeCeeJe©ve ogmeN³ee efþkeÀeCeer nesCeejs
mLeueeblej oMe&efJeC³eemeeþerner kesÀuee peelees.
 33

A, B, C, D ner ®eej efþkeÀeCes Demetve A ³esLes GlHeeefole Peeuesuee ceeue B, C, D ³ee

efþkeÀeCeer vesuee peelees.

Heemetve keÀ[s ceeuee®eer JeenletkeÀ (npeej ìveele)

From To
A B 20
A C 10
A D 50

ner DeekeÀ[sJeejer vekeÀeMeele oefMe&efJeC³eemeeþer ³eesi³e ÒeceeCe I³eeJes ueeiesue.

Goe. 5 efce.efce. - 50 npeej ìve
2 efce. efce. - 20 npeej ìve
1 efce. efce. - 10 npeej ìve

7) ef®e$eeke=Àleer (PICTOGRAM)
keÀesCel³eener vekeÀeMee®ee cetU GÎsMe ceeefnleer Jee®ekeÀeHe³e¥le Heesnes®eefJeC³ee®ee Demelees.
ef®e$eeke=ÀleerceO³es ceeefnleer ef®e$eeb®³ee mene³³eeves efoueer peeles. Goe. ueeskeÀmebK³esmeeþer ceeCemee®es ef®e$e
( ) Je Jeveebmeeþer Pee[e®es ef®e$e ( ), ef®e$es keÀeì&tve, íe³eeef®e$es ueneveebHeemetve ceesþîeebHe³e¥le meJee¥vee
DeeJe[leele Je l³eecegUs ef®e$eebkeÀ[s meieȳeeb®es®e ®eìkeÀve ue#e peeles Je DeeHeuee GÎsMe meeO³e neslees.

ef®e$eeke=Àleerle ceeefnleer oeKeefJeC³eemeeþer oesve HeOoleer Deensle.

De) ef®e$eeb®ee DeekeÀej meceeve -

³ee HeOoleerle íesìer SkeÀe®e DeekeÀeje®eer ef®e$es JeeHejueer peeleele. mecepee DeeHeu³eeuee
50,000 ueeskeÀmebK³ee oeKeJee³e®eer Demesue Je SkeÀe ef®e$ee®es cetu³e 10,000 ueeskeÀmebK³ee Demesue lej
(10,000 ƒ 5 † 50,000) DeeHeu³eeuee 5 ef®e$es keÀe{eJeer ueeieleerue.
† 10,000
† 50,000
† 20,000

ye) ef®e$eeb®ee DeekeÀj Demeceeve -

³ee HeOoleerle ef®e$eeb®ee DeekeÀej cetu³ee®³ee meceÒeceeCeele Demelees. keÀceer cetu³eemeeþer íesì ef®e$e Je
peemle cetu³eemeeþer ceesþs ef®e$e keÀe{ues peeles.
 34

(meboYee&meeþer Heeve veb. 25 Jejerue vekeÀeMee HeenCes)

vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$eebJejerue ÒeMveeb®eer GÊejs osC³eemeeþer GHe³egkeÌle met®evee

1) mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYe – mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYee®³ee vekeÀeMeeMeer mebyebefOele ÒeMve mees[efJeC³eemeeþer
Heg{erue HeOoleer®ee DeJeuebye keÀje.
1) keÀeieoe®ee SkeÀ legkeÀ[e I³ee. ÒeMveHeef$ekesÀ®eer keÀ[ener JeeHejlee ³esF&ue.
2) ne keÀeieo vekeÀeMeeleerue mlebYeepeJeU þsJee. Je Heseqvmeue efkebÀJee Hesveeves l³ee®³ee Gb®eer®³ee KegCee
(Keeue®eer Je Jej®eer) keÀeieoeJej keÀje. (Deeke=Àleer 1)
3) Deelee ne KegCeeb®ee keÀeieo vekeÀeMeeleerue met®eerceO³es oeKeefJeuesu³ee mlebYeeb®³ee peJeU þsJee. pej
³ee KegCee met®eerleerue mlebYeeb®³ee Gb®eerMeer pegUu³ee lej DeeHeu³eeuee mlebYee®es De®etkeÀ cetu³e
meebielee ³esles (Deeke=Àleer 2) ³ee GoenjCeele cetu³e 100 npeej ìve Deens.
4) pej keÀeieoeJej®³ee mlebYee®³ee Gb®eer®³ee KegCee met®eerleerue mlebYee®³ee Gb®eerMeer pegUu³ee veener
lej DeeHeCe Deboepes cetu³e meebiet MekeÀlees. (Deeke=Àleer 3) ³ee GoenjCeele cetu³e 80 les 100
npeej ìveeb®³ee ojc³eeve Deens.
2) mLeeveebefkeÀle Jele&gUs ö
mLeeveebefkeÀle Jele&gUeb®es cetu³e keÀe{C³ee®eer HeOole mLeeveebefkeÀle mlebYeeÒeceeCes Deens.
vekeÀeMeeleerue mLeeveebefkeÀle Jele&gUe®³ee J³eemee®³ee KegCee keÀeieoeJej keÀje. ³ee KegCeeb®eer leguevee
met®eerle oMe&efJeuesu³ee Jele&gUe®³ee J³eemeeMeer kesÀu³eeme DeeHeu³eeuee Jele&gUe®es De®etkeÀ efkebÀJee Deboepes
cetu³e keÀUt MekeÀles. (DeekeÀ=leer 4) Je (Deeke=Àleer 5) - Deeke=Àleer 5 ceO³es Jele&gUe®³ee J³eemee®³ee
KegCee 25 Je 50 ³eeceO³es Deens Je l³eecegUs ³ee Jemleer®eer ueeskeÀmebK³ee 25 les 50 oMeue#e Deens.
Deeke=Àleer 4 Deeke=Àleer 5

3) DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMee -
DeesIeoMe&keÀ vekeÀeMeele js<es®eer ªboer DeLeJee pee[er cenÊJee®eer Demeles. keÀesN³ee keÀeieoeJej js<es®³ee
ªboer®³ee KegCee keÀªve l³ee®eer leguevee met®eerceO³es efouesu³ee JesieJesieȳee ªboer®³ee js<eebMeer keÀjlee
³esles. l³eeJeªve vekeÀeMeeleerue js<es®es De®etkeÀ efkebÀJee Deboepes cetu³e keÀe{lee ³esles.



 35

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE
CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

1) Study the world map given below and answer the following
questions.

i) What is the theme of the map?

ii) Which cartographic technique is used to represent the theme?
iii) Which country in the South Hemisphere show highest range of
GNP?
iv) What is the range of GNP hi major part of Australia?
v) Identify country in me norm hemisphere, having GNP ranging
between 20% and 62%.

1) vekeÀeMee®eer mebkeÀuHevee keÀe³e Deens?

2) mebkeÀuHevee mHe<ì keÀjC³eemeeþer keÀesCel³ee vekeÀeMee Meem$eer³e He×leer®ee GHe³eesie kesÀuee Deens.
3) oef#eCe ieesueeOee&leerue keÀesCel³ee osMee®es efveJJeU je<ì^er³e GlHeVe peemle Deens?
4) ÒeecegK³eeves Dee@mì^sueer³ee ceOeerue efveJJeU je<ì^er³e GlHeVee®eer meeOeejCe ce³ee&oe keÀe³e Deens?
5) GÊej ieesueeOee&ceOeerue 20 ìkeÌkesÀ DeeefCe 62 ìkeÌkesÀ efveJJeU je<ì^er³e GlHeVe DemeCeejs osMe
meebiee.
 36

2) Study the world map given below and answer the following
questions. (5)

i) What is the theme of the map?

ii)Which cartographic technique is used to represent the theme?
iii)
What is the total quantity of iron produced in USA?
iv)What is the total quantity of iron produced by Europe as per this
map?
v) What is the total production of iron by India?

1) vekeÀeMee®eer mebkeÀuHevee keÀe³e Deens?

2) mebkeÀuHevee mHe<ì keÀjC³eemeeþer keÀesCel³ee vekeÀeMee Meem$eer³e He×leer®ee GHe³eesie kesÀuee Deens.
3) meb³egkeÌle mebmLeeves ceO³es efkeÀleer efceefue³eve ìve ueesn Keefvepee®es GlHeeove Deens?
4) vekeÀeMeeÒeceeCes ³egjesHeceO³es ueesnKeefvepee®es SkegÀCe efkeÀleer GlHeeove neslees?
5) YeejleeceO³es ueesnKeefvepee®es efkeÀleer GlHeeove neslees?
 37

3) Study the world map given below and answer the following
questions. (5)
i) What is the theme of the map?
ii) Name the cartographic technique used in this map.
iii) State the amount of foreign debt of Mexico, India and
Hongkong.

1) De) legcneuee efouesu³ee peiee®³ee vekeÀeMee®ee DeY³eeme keÀ©ve Keeueerue ÒeMveeb®eer GÊejs efuene.
1) vekeÀeMee®eer efJe<e³e keÀesCelee Deens? (5)
2) vekeÀeMeele keÀesCel³ee vekeÀeMee®³ee Meem$eer³e leb$ee®e JeeHej kesÀuee Deens?
3) ceseqkeÌmekeÀes, Yeejle Je neBiekeÀeBie ³eeb®³ee HejkeÀer³e keÀpee&®eer jkeÌkeÀce meebiee.
 38

4) Study the world map printed below and answer the following
questions. (5)

i) What is the theme of the map?

ii) Name the cartographic technique used to represent the theme.
iii) Name the countries having the least and maximum gross
national income per capita 2007.
iv) With the help of the scale find out gross national income per
capita of South American countries?

1) De) legcneuee efouesu³ee peiee®³ee vekeÀeMee®ee meKeesue DeY³eeme keÀ©ve Keeueerue ÒeMveeb®eer GÊejs
efuene. (vekeÀeMee Heeve veb. 1 Jej Hene) : (5)
1) vekeÀeMee®ee efJe<e³e keÀesCelee Deens?
2) vekeÀeMeele keÀesCel³ee vekeÀeMeeMeem$eer³e leb$ee®ee JeeHej kesÀuee Deens?
3) 2007 ÒeceeCes peemleerle-peemle DeeefCe keÀceerle-keÀceer SketÀCe je<ì^er³e GlHeVe DemeCeeN³ee
osMeeb®eer veeJes efuene.
4) vekeÀeMeeleerue ÒeceeCee®ee GHe³eesie keÀ©ve oef#eCe DecesefjkesÀleerue osMeeb®es SketÀCe je<ì^er³e GlHeVe
efuene.
 39

5) Study the world map printed below and answer the following
questions. (5)

i) What is the theme of the map?

ii) Which cartographic technique is used to represent the theme?
iii) With the help of the scale, find out the percentage of population
between the age group of 15-64 years in Argentina.
iv) With the help of the scale find out the percentage of senior
citizens in North-American countries.
v) State the composition of ‘Age Structure’ in India.

1) vekeÀeMee®eer mebkeÀuHevee keÀe³e Deens?

2) mebkeÀuHevee mHe<ì keÀjC³eemeeþer keÀesCel³ee vekeÀeMee-Meem$eer³e He×leer®ee JeeHej kesÀuee Deens?
3) vekeÀeMee ÒeceeCee®³ee mene³³eeves DepeXefìveeceOeerue 15 les 64 ³ee Je³eesieìeleerue ueeskeÀmebK³es®eer
ìkeÌkesÀJeejer efuene.
4) vekeÀeMee ÒeceeCee®ee GHe³eesie keÀ©ve GÊej DecesefjkesÀleerue Jejer<þ veeieefjkeÀeb®eer ìkeÌkesÀJeejer
keÀe{e.
5) Yeejleeleerue ueeskeÀmebK³es®eer Je³eesceeveevegmeej j®evee meebiee.
 40

SECTION - II

WORLD MAP

efJeYeeie - 2
peiee®ee vekeÀeMee

Colour maps given in this Section as per the instructions

vekeÀeMeeKeeueer efouesu³ee met®eveebÒeceeCes vekeÀeMes jbieJee
 41

SECTION - II
WORLD MAP
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
 51

Selected Countries in the World -

1) Canada
2) U.S.A.
3) Mexico
4) Brazil
5) Argentina
6) Chile
7) U.K.
8) France
9) Spain
10) Portugal
11) Germany
12) Poland
13) Switzerland
14) Italy
15) Norway
16) Sweden
17) Finland
18) Russia
19) China
20) Japan
21) India
22) Sri Lanka
23) Nepal
24) Bangladesh
25) Pakistan
26) Malaysia
27) Singapore
28) Indonesia
29) Australia
30) Iran
31) Iraq
32) Saudi Arabia
33) Egypt
34) Nigeria
35) Sudan
36) Ethiopia
37) Kenya
38) Tanzania
39) South Africa
52
53
 54

Exercise

Environmentally Significant Features.

Mark and Name following features in the map of the world.

(A) PHYSICAL FEATURES

1) Major ocean to the south of India ___________. (Indian Ocean)

2) Continent in the southern hemisphere, which is covered by
snow ____________ (Antaractica)
3) Eathquake prone area in the northern part of India
___________ (Himalaya)
4) Largest continent in the world _________ (Asia)
5) Desect in South America ___________ (Atacama)
6) Continent, which is near to the south pole and is uninhabited
___________ (Antarctica)
7) Major island near North America ___________ (Greenland)
8) Drought affected country in Africa ___________ (Ethiopia)
9) Largest Ocean in the world ___________ (Pacific)
10)Major flood affected country to the east of India __________
(Bangladesh)
11)Largest desert in the world ____________ (Sahara)
12)Earthquake prone area near Pacific Ocean ____________
(Circum Pacific Belt)
13)Smallest continent in the world. ____________ (Australia)
14)Major flood affected country to the west of India ____________.
(Pakistan)
15)Major mountain range in the South America ________ (Andes)
16)Desert area in Southern part of Africa __________ (Kalhari)
17)Country having largest oil reserves ____________ (Saudi
Arabia)
18)Major flood affected country to the north Sri Lanka. __________
(India)
19)Earthquake prone area to the north of Mediterranean Sea
__________ (Alps.)
20)Mountain range to the north of India __________ (Himalaya)
21)Major mountain range in the Western part of N. America.
___________ (Rocky mountains)
 55

22)Major mountain range in the eastern part of N. America

_______________ (Appalachian)
23)The canal which separates two continents. ____________
(Suez Canal)
24)Major mountain range in Austrialia ______________ (Great
Dividing Range)

(B) HUMAN (CULTURAL) OR ANTHROPOGENIC FEATURES

1) New York to London air route.

2) Singapre to London air route.
3) Major canal which is situated between two major continents.
___________ (Suez Canal)
4) An international port to the South of India __________.
(Colombo)
5) An international post which is near to the Equator. __________
(Singapore)
6) Area in North America affected by Acid Rain. _____________
(N.E. part of U.S.A.)
7) Major producer of nuclear power in Asia __________ (Japan)
8) A canal, which connects two oceans ___________ (Panama
Canal)
9) Longest railway route in the world ______________.
(Trans-siberian railway from Leningrad to Vladivostok)
10)Buenos Aires to Cape Town air route
11)Area affected by Acid Rain to the east of China ______ (Japan)
12)Country having largest population in the world.
13)Asian country affected by Acid Rain ____________ (Japan)
14)New York to Mumbai air route.
15)Region in Europe affected by Acid Rain ___________.
(N.W. Europe)
16)City in India, which was affected by worst gas disaster _______
(Bhopal)
17)Cape town to Colombo air route.
18)The longest ship canal (Suez 16.9 Km)
19)Delhi to Tokyo air route.
20)Mumbai to Moscow air route.
 56

21)Delhi to Canbera air route.

22)Washington D.C. to Paris air route.
23)Delhi to London air route.
24)Cairo to Hongkong air routes.
25)New York to Moscow air route.
26)San Francisco to New York ship route.
 57

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE
MAP OF THE WORLD

1) Mark and Name the following on the outline Map of the

World : (5)
i) An ‘earthquake’ prone island in Far-East Asia.
ii) Part of India with economic water scarcity.
iii) A country in Africa with very high Deforestation rate.
iv) A sea Experiencing oil spill.
v) An European country facing problem of ‘Acid rain’.

legcneuee efouesu³ee peiee®³ee vekeÀeMee®³ee DeejeKe[îeeceO³es Keeueerue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes

Ðee. (5)
1) DeeefMe³ee®³ee DeefleHetJexkeÀ[erue YetkebÀHeÒeJeCe yesì.
2) Yeejleeleerue DeeefLe&keÀ HeeCeer ìb®eeF& ûemle #es$e.
3) DeeefÖeÀkesÀleerue `meJee&efOekeÀ' pebieue lees[er®ee oj DemeCeeje osMe.
4) `lesue leJebie' Dee{UCeeje mecegê.
5) De@meer[ jsve (DeecueHepe&v³e) mecem³ee Yes[meeJeCeeje ³egjesHeceOeerue osMe.

2) Mark and name the following features on the outline map of

world provided to you (Refer Page No. 8) : (5)
i) A country with highest deforestation rate in South America.
ii) An area rich in biodiversity in India.
iii) An area in North America having physical water scarcity.
iv) A Gulf in the West Asia having problems of oil spill.
v) An earthquake prone island country in far East Asia.

peiee®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes efuene. (meboYe& Heeve ve. 8 Jej Hene)
1) meJee&efOekeÀ pebieue lees[ Peeuesuee oef#eCe DecesefjkesÀleerue osMe.
2) Yeejleeleerue `pewJeJewefJeOelesceO³es' efJeHeguelee DemeCeejs #es$e.
3) GÊej DecesefjkesÀleerue vewmeefie&keÀ HeeCeer ìb®eeF& #es$e.
4) oef#eCe DeeefMe³eeleerue `mecegêer DeeKeele' pesLes `lesuelejbie mecem³ee' Yes[meeJeles.
5) HetJe& DeeefMe³eeleerue YetkebÀHe ÒeJeCe yesì

3) Mark and Name the following in the outline Map of the

World: (5)
i) Mumbai to London water way
ii) Panama Canal
iii) Most industrial area in the USA
iv) Worlds largest producer of rubber
v) Amazon basin

legcneuee efouesu³ee peiee®³ee vekeÀeMee®³ee DeejeKe[îeeceO³es Keeueerue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes

Ðee. (5)
1) cegbyeF& les ueb[ve peue JenelegkeÀ
 58

2) Heveecee keÀeueJee
3) meb³ekeÌle mebmLeevesceOeerue DeewÐeesefiekeÀ #es$e
4) peieeleerue ceesþîee ÒeceeCeeJej jyej GlHeeove keÀjCeeje osMe.
5) DecesPee@ve®es Keesjs.

4) Mark and Name the following on the outline Map of the

World: (Refer Page No. 7) (5)
i) Suez Canal
ii) Equatorial forest in South America.
iii) Mumbai to Moscow air route
iv) Alps mountain
v) Leading fishing bank in North Sea

legcneuee HegjefJeuesu³ee peiee®³ee vekeÀeMee DeejeKe[îeeceO³es Keeueerue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes Ðee.
(meboYe& Heeve veb. 7 Hene). (5)
1) megSPe keÀeueJee.
2) oef#eCe DecesefjkesÀleerue efJe<egJeJe=Êeer³e pebieues
3) cegbyeF& les cee@mkeÀes nJeeF& ceeie&
4) DeuHeme HeJe&le
5) GÊej mecegêeleerue cenÊJee®ee ceemesceejer efJeYeeie
59
60
61
62
 63

SECTION - III

KONKAN

efJeYeeie - 3
keÀeskeÀCe

Use different appropriate Colours for various symbols

marked in the Maps
vekeÀeMeele oMe&efJeuesu³ee meebkesÀeflekeÀ ef®evnebmeeþer JesieJesieUs meceHe&keÀ
jbie JeeHeje
 64

1) ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS (ÒeMeemekeÀer³e efJeYeeie)

DISTRICTS (efpeuns)

M.S. = Mumbai Surban District (cegbyeF& GHeveiej)

M.C. = Mumbai City District (cegbyeF& Menj)
 65

2) Administrative Divisions (Talukas)

ÒeMeemekeÀer³e efJeYeeie (leeuegkesÀ)
 66

W = HeefM®ece Ieeì
 67

(ÒecegKe veÐee)

R = Rivers (veÐee)
 68

KONKAN - TRANSPORT
ROAD - RAILWAY (JeenletkeÀ - jmles - jsuJes)
 69

KONKAN - TRANSPORT
PORTS (JeenletkeÀ yebojs)

Port (JeenletkeÀ yebojs)

 70

KONKAN
INDUSTRIES (GÐeesie)

HeÀU J³eJemee³e
Yeele efiejC³ee
Flej keÀejKeeves
 71

KONKAN
INDUSTRIES (GÐeesie)

DeewÐeesefiekeÀ Jemeenle
penepe yeebOeCeer
 72

KONKAN
POWER STATIONS (efJepeefveefce&leer keWÀês)

peueefJeÐegle
Deew<CeerkeÀ efJeÐegle DeCegefJeÐegle
 73

KONKAN
TOURIST PLACES (He³e&ìve mLeUs)

Leb[ nJes®eer efþkeÀeCes

efkeÀuues
 74

KONKAN
TOURIST PLACES (He³e&ìve mLeUs)

Pejs
Deew<CeerkeÀ efJeÐegle efkeÀveejs
 75

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

peue Òeog<eCe nJee Òeog<eCe

 76

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

Hegj ÒeJeCe #es$e

pebieuelees[
 77

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

oj[ keÀesmeUCes GlKeveve KeeCekeÀece

 78

EXERCISES - KONKAN

Mark & Name following in the Map of Konkan.

1) Northernmost district of Konkan (Palghar) (Map 1)

2) Southernmost district of Konkan (Sindhudurg) (Map 1)
3) District headquarter of Raigad District (Alibag) (Map 1)
4) District headquarter of Sindhudurg District (Oras) (Map 1)
5) Two districts of Mumbai (Mumbai City & Mumbai Suburb)
(Map 1)
6) Smallest district of Konkan (Mumbai city) (Map 1)
7) Ratnagiri District (Map 1)
8) Amboli Ghat (Map 3)
9) Important Ghat in the northern part of Konkan (Thal Ghat)
(Map 3)
10) Important Ghat in the Southern part of Konkan (Amboli Ghat)
(Map 3)
11) Bhimashankar Ghat (Map 3)
12) Ghat in Ratnagiri district (Kumbharli) (Map 3)
13) Ghats in Sindhudurg district (Phonda and Amboli) (Map 3)
14) Ghat, which is used for going to Pune from Mumbai by train
(Bhor) (Map 3)
15) Ghat, which is used for going to Nasik from Mumbai by train
(Thal) (Map 3)
16) Varandha Ghat (Map 3)
17) Nane Ghat (Map 3)
18) Southernmost river of Konkan (Terekhol) (Map 4)
19) River which is a boundary between Raigad & Ratnagiri
districts (River Savitri) (Map 4)
20) R. Vaitarna (Map 4)
21) R. Tansa (Map 4)
22) R. Ulhas (Map 4)
23) Most Polluted river in Raigad district (Patalganga) (Map 4)
24) R. Vasisthi (Map 4)
25) R. Karli (Map 4)
26) Railway route from Mumbai to Dahanu (Map 5)
27) Railway route from Ratnagiri to Sawantwadi (Map 5)
 79

28) Railway route from Thane to Chiplun (Map 5)

29) Panvel Railway Station (Map 5)
30) Ratnagiri Railway Station (Map 5)
31) Kudal Railway Station (Map 5)
32) Kalyan Railway Station (Map 5)
33) Roha Railway Station (Map 5)
34) National Highway from Panvel to Sawantwadi (Map 5)
35) Konkan Railway (Map 5)
36) National Highway No. 17 (Map 5)
37) Major Port in Palghar District (Satpati) (Map 6)
38) Southernmost Port of Konkan (Redi) (Map 6)
39) Port mainly used for the export of minerals (Redi) (Map 6)
40) Major Dock along east coast of Mumbai (Sasoon Dock)
(Map 6)
41) Dabhol Port (Map 6)
42) Jaigad Port (Map 6)
43) Ratnagiri Port (Map 6)
44) Vasai Port (Map 6)
45) Murud Port (Map 6)
46) Devgad Port (Map 6)
47) Malvan Port (Map 6)
48) Vengurla Port (Map 6)
49) Harne Port (Map 6)
50) Rice mills in Palghar District (Map 7)
51) Canning near Chiplun (Map 7)
52) Canning near Ratnagiri (Map 7)
53) Canning near Deogad (Map 7)
54) Canning near Vengurla (Map 7)
55) Utensil factories in the Raigad district (Pali, Roha, Tala,
Mahad) (Map 7)
56) Utensil factories to the north of Mumbai (Bhayander) (Map 7)
57) Rice mills in the Thane District (Map 7)
58) Rice mills in the Raigad District (Map 7)
59) Ship building in Sindhudurg District (Devgad, Malvan) (Map
8)
 80

60) Ship building near Mumbai (Uttan) (Map 8)

61) Industrial estates in Palghar District (Map 8)
62) Industrial estates in Thane District (Map 8)
63) Industrial estates in Raigad District (Map 8)
64) Industrial estates in Ratnagiri District (Map 8)
65) Industrial estates in Sindhudurg District (Map 8)
66) Atomic power station (Tarapur) (Map 9)
67) Hydel power station in Ratnagiri District (Pophali) (Map 9)
68) Thermal power station in Mumbai (Trombay) (Map 9)
69) Thermal power station in Raigad (Uran) (Map 9)
70) Hydel power station in Raigad District (Bhivpuri, Khopoli &
Bhira) (Map 9)
71) Famous hill station in Sindhudurg District (Amboli) (Map 10)
72) Famous hill station in Raigad District (Matheran) (Map 10)
73) Forts in Palghar District (Map 10)
74) Forts in Raigad District (Map 10)
75) Forts in Ratnagiri District (Map 10)
76) Forts in Sindhudurg District (Map 10)
77) Sea Fort near Malvan (Sindhudurg) (Map 10)
78) Sea Fort near Raigad District (Janira, Alibag) (Map 10)
79) Fort at the headquarter of Raigad District (Alibag) (Map 10)
80) Famous beach in the northern Konkan (Bordi) (Map 11)
81) Hot Springs near Rajapur (Map 11)
82) Famous beach in Ratnagiri District (Ganpati Pule) (Map 11)
83) Famous beach in Mumbai (Juhu) (Map 11)
84) Temple at Marleshwar (Map 11)
85) Famous Ganpati temple in Thane District (Titwala) (Map 11)
86) Famous Ganpati temples in Raigad district (Mahad & Pali)
(Map 11)
87) Beaches in Sindhudurg District (Tarkarli, Redi) (Map 11)
88) Aread of Air Pollution in Ratnagiri District (Chiplun - Lote)
(Map 12)
89) Air pollution in Raigad District (Rasayani, Khopoli, Alibag,
Nagothane) (Map 12)
90) Polluted creek to the north of Mumbai (Vasai creek) (Map
12)
 81

91) Air Pollution in Mumbai (Chembur) (Map 12)

92) Air Pollution in Navi-Mumbai (Map 12)
93) Deforestation near Thal Ghat (Map 13)
94) Deforestation near Phonda Ghat (Map 13)
95) Deforestation near Amboli Ghat (Map 13)
96) Deforestation near Kumbharli Ghat (Map 13)
97) Deforestation near Bhor Ghat (Map 13)
98) Flood prone areas in Thane District (Map 13)
99) Flood prone areas in Raigad District (Map 13)
100) Flood prone areas in Ratnagiri District (Map 13)
101) Landslide near Thal Ghat (Map 14)
102) Landslide near Bhor Ghat (Map 14)
103) Landslide near Kumbharli Ghat (Map 14)
104) Landslide near Phonda Ghat (Map 14)
105) Landslide near Amboli Ghat (Map 14)
106) Mining at Redi (Map 14)
 82

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE
MAP OF KONKAN

1) Mark and Name the following on the outline Map of Konkan

supplied to you
i) Southern most district of Konkan.
ii) Mark the railway station on Konkan railway located in between
Rajapur Road and Kudal Railway Station.
iii) The port of Ratnagiri district experiences the problem of marine
erosion.
iv) The area famous for horticulture in Thane District.
v) A famous hill station of Raigad District.

keÀeskeÀCe®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve l³eeb®eer veeJes efuene.

1) keÀeskeÀCeeleerue meJee&le oef#eCeskeÀ[erue efpeune.

2) keÀeskeÀCe jsuJesJejerue jepeeHetj jes[ DeeefCe kegÀ[eU jsuJesmìsMeve®³ee ceO³es DemeCeejs
jsuJesmìsMeve.
3) jlveeefiejer efpeunîeeleerue meeiejer Peerpe nesle DemeCeejs yeboj.
4) HeÀUHeÀUeb®³ee yeeieebmeeþer þeCes efpeunîeele Òeefme× DemeCeejs efþkeÀeCe.
5) je³eie[ efpeunîeeleerue Òeefme× Leb[ nJes®es efþkeÀeCe.

2) Mark and name the following on the outline map of Konkan :

i) A place of hot spring

ii) A port in Sindhudurg district
iii) Fruit and vegetable market
iv) Most polluted river
v) A tourist place in Ratnagiri District

legcneme HegjefJeuesu³ee keÀeskeÀCe®³ee vekeÀeMee DeejeKe[îeeceO³es Keeueerue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes

Ðee.
1) iejce HeeC³ee®es Pejs DemeCeejs efþkeÀeCe.
2) efmebOetogie& efpeunîeeleerue SkeÀ yeboj
3) HeÀU-Yeep³ee yeepeej
4) ÒecegKe Òeog<eerle veoer
5) jlveeefiejer efpeunîeeleerue SkeÀ He³e&ìve mLeU

3) i) Northernmost district of Konkan.

ii) Famous hill station in Raigad.
iii) Famous religious centre at the coast of Ratnagiri.
iv) Fishing port in Sindhudurg District.
v) Most polluted river in Raigad.
 83

keÀeskeÀCe®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve l³eeb®eer veeJes efuene.

1) keÀeskeÀCe efkeÀveej HeÆer®ee GÊejskeÀ[erue efpeune.
2) je³eieì efpeunîeeleerue Òeefme× Leb[ nJes®es efþkeÀeCe.
3) jlveeefiejer efpeunîeeleerue mecegê efkeÀveeN³eeJejerue Òeefme× `Oeeefce&keÀ #es$e'.
4) efmebOetogie& efpeunîeeleerue ceemesceejermeeþer Òeefme×ele DemeCeejs yeboj.
5) je³eieì efpeunîeeleerue Deefle-Òeogef<ele Peeuesueer veoer.

4) Mark and Name the following features in the outline Map of

Konkan
i) Mumbai Suburban District
ii) Amboli Ghat
iii) Ratnagiri to Kudal Konkan Railway
iv) Distrit Raigad
v) National Highway No. 17
vi) Thane City

keÀeskeÀCe®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve l³eeb®eer veeJes Ðee.

1) cegbyeF& GHeveiej efpeune
2) Deebyeesueer Ieeì
3) jlveeefiejer les kegÀ[eU keÀeskeÀCe jsuJes
4) je³eie[ efpeune
5) je<ì^er³e ceneceeie& ¬eÀ. 17
6) þeCes Menj
 84

MAP 1 MAP 2

vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener Map not to the scale

HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer For Education purpose only
 85

MAP 3 MAP 4
 86

MAP 5 MAP 6
 87

SECTION - IV

MUMBAI

efJeYeeie - 4
cegbyeF&
 88

Mumbai Administrative Divisions (cegbyeF& ÒeMeemekeÀer³e efJeYeeie)

(cegbyeF& Menj Je efpeune)

cegbyeF& GHeveiej efpeune

HeefM®ece GHeveiejs

HegJe& GHeveiejs
 89

(YeeweflekeÀ IeìkeÀ)

Hill (ìskeÀ[er) Lake (leueeJe)

 90

(veÐee, Kee[îee, leueeJe DeeefCe mecegê)

 91

GARDENS AND PARKS (yeeiee DeeefCe GÐeeves)

yeeiee
GÐeeves
je<ì^er³e GÐeeves
 92

TRANSPORT - 1(JeenletkeÀ)
 93

TRANSPORT - 2 (JeenletkeÀ)

yebojs
efJeceeveleU
 94

TOURIST PLACES - 1 (He³e&ìve mLeUs)

Hegjeleve efþkeÀeCes
efkeÀveejs
 95

TOURIST PLACES - 2 (He³e&ìve mLeUs)

Oeeefce&keÀ mLeUs He³e&ìve mLeUs

 96

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS - 1 (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

GlKeveve oj[ keÀesmeUCes Hegj

 97

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS - 2 (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

nJee Òeog<eCe PeesHe[HeÆîee

 98

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS - 3 (He³ee&JejCe mecem³ee)

peue Òeog<eCe OJeveer Òeog<eCe

 99

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES

MAP OF MUMBAI

7. a) Mark and name the following on the outline map of Mumbai

supplied to you : (5)
i) Creek lies between Mumbai suburb and the main land.
ii) The northern most hill of Mumbai.
iii) Highly polluted river flowing nearer from International
Airport of Mumbai.
iv) Locate any one suburban railway station on central railway
between C.S.T. and Kurla stations.
v) Mark the largest lake of Mumbai.

7) De) cegbyeF&®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve l³eeb®eer veeJes efuene. (5)
1) cegbyeF& Menj DeeefCe cegbyeF& GHeveiejs ³eeb®³eeceO³es DemeCeejer Kee[er.
2) cegbyeF&®³ee GÊejskeÀ[s DemeCeejer ìskeÀ[er.
3) meJee&efOekeÀ otef<ele veoer Deeblejje<ì^er³e efJeceeveleUepeJeUtve Jeenles.
4) meer.Sme.ìer. DeeefCe kegÀuee& ojc³eeve®es keÀesCelesner SkeÀ jsuJesmìsMeve ceO³e jsuJesJejerue.
5) cegbyeF&leerue meJee&le ceesþe leueeJe.

7) a) Mark and name the following on the outline map of

MUMBAI :
i) Lake Vihar
ii) An area of bird sanctuary
iii) Forest area of Mumbai
iv) Area of air pollution due to chemical industry
v) A place well known for dumping of solid waste

7) De) legcneme HegjefJeuesu³ee cegbyeF&®³ee vekeÀeMee DeejeKe[îeeceO³es Keeueerue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes
Ðee. (5)
1) efJenej leueeJe
2) He#eer DeYe³eejC³e
3) cegbyeF&ceOeerue pebieue efJeYeeie
4) jemee³eefvekeÀ keÀejKeev³eecegUs nJee Òeot<eCe efJeYeeie
5) IeCekeÀ®eje ìekeÀC³ee®es SkeÀ efþkeÀeCe.

7) a) Mark and name the following on the outline map of

MUMBAI :
i) Railway route from Churchgate to Andheri
ii) Sahar
iii) Kanheri Caves
iv) Elephanta
v) Haji Ali
vi) Thane Creek
 100

EXERCISES - MUMBAI

Mark & Name following features in the Map of Mumbai.

1) City area (Mumbai City District) (Map 1)

2) Mumbai Suburban District (Map 1)
3) Kanheri hills (Map 1)
4) Largest lake in Mumbai Suburban District (Virar) (Map 2)
5) Tulsi Lake (Map 2)
6) Powai Lake (Map 2)
7) Manori Creek (Map 2)
8) Malad Creek (Map 2)
9) Gilbert Hill (Map 2)
10) Bandra Headland (Map 2)
11) Cumbala Hill (Map 2)
12) Malabar Hill (Map 2)
13) Elephanta (Map 2)
14) Antop Hill (Map 2)
15) Worli Headland (Map 2)
16) Hill near Andheri Railway Station (Gilbert) (Map 2)
17) Hills at Trombay (Map 2)
18) Major river in the Central Part (Mithi) (Map 3)
19) Mahin Bay (Map 3)
20) Back Bay (Map 3)
21) Creek to the East of Mumbai (Map 3)
22) River Dahisar (Map 3)
23) River Poisar (Map 3)
24) Largest Green area in Mumbai Suburban (National Park)
(Map 4)
25) Largest Green area in Mumbai City (Jijamata Udyan) (Map
4)
26) Largest Green area in the northern part of greater Mumbai
(National Park) (Map 4)
27) Goregaon Film City (Map 4)
28) Kamla Nehru Udyan (Map 4)
29) Gold Club (Map 4)
 101

30) Shivaji Park (Map 4)

31) Green area near Mahim bay (Shivaji Park) (Map 4)
32) Green area between CST and Churchgate (Azad Maidan or
Cross Maidan) (Map 4)
33) Terminal Station of Central Railway (CST) (Map 5)
34) Terminal Station of Western Railway (Churchgate) (Map 5)
35) Metro - Connecting Andheri and Ghatkopar (Map 5)
36) Railway Route from Dahisar to Bandra (Map 5)
37) Railway Route from Mulund to Ghatkopar (Map 5)
38) International Airport (Map 6)
39) Eastern Express Highway (Map 6)
40) S.V. Road (Map 6)
41) Ali Yavar Jung Marg (Map 6)
42) Mazgaon Dock (Map 6)
43) Sasoon Dock (Map 6)
44) Ballard Pier (Map 6)
45) Girgaum Beach (Map 7)
46) Juhu Beach (Map 7)
47) Jogeshwari Caves (Map 7)
48) Mahakali Caves (Map 7)
49) Shivaji Park Beach (Map 7)
50) Aksa Beach (Map 7)
51) Largest entertainment centre in the Northern part of Mumbai
(Essel World) (Map 8)
52) Bird Sanctuary in the Central part of Mumbai (Mahim Bird
Sanctuary) (Map 8)
53) Important tourist places to the South of Churchgate
(Jehangir Art Gallery & Museum) (Map 8)
54) Haji Ali (Map 8)
55) Mount Mary (Map 8)
56) Mahalaxmi Mandir (Map 8)
57) Nehru Science Centre (Map 8)
58) Planetarium (Map 8)
59) Major Pilgrim Centre for Christans (Mount Mary) (Map 8)
60) Major Pilgrim Centre for Muslims (Haji Ali) (Map 8)
 102

61) Major Pilgrim Centre for Hindus (Siddhivinayak Mandir) (Map

8)
62) Flood affected area near Kurla (Map 9)
63) Flood affected areas in the Mumbai City (Matunga &
Hindmata) (Map 9)
64) Quarrying in North Mumbai (Borivali) (Map 9)
65) Landslide area near Central Railway (Ghatkopar) (Map 9)
66) Saki Naka (Map 10)
67) Slum area near Ghatkopar (Ramabai Colony) (Map 10)
68) Largest Slum in Asia (Dharavi) (Map 10)
69) Mankhurd (Map 10)
70) Shivaji Nagar (Map 10)
71) Air Pollution in the Eastern Suburbs (Chembur) (Map 10)
72) Water Pollution near Mankhurd (Map 11)
73) Noise Pollution near Bandra (Map 11)
74) Noise Pollution near Dadar (Map 11)
75) Noise Pollution near South Mumbai (Map 11)
 103

7) De) cegbyeF&®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve veeJes Ðee. (5)

1) ®e®e&iesì les DebOesjer ueesnceeie&
2) menej
3) keÀevnsjer kesÀJnpe (iegbHeÀe)
4) SefueHebÀìe
5) nepeer Deueer
6) þeCes Kee[er

7) a) Mark and name following efn the map of MUMBAI :

i) Creek between Mumbai City and Suburban
ii) Hill at the Northern Border of Greater Mumbai
iii) Large Green Forest to the North of Mumbai
iv) Famous Sea-beach at N.W. Mumbai.
v) International Airport of Mumbai.

7) De) cegbyeF&®³ee vekeÀeMeele Heg{erue IeìkeÀ oeKeJetve l³eeb®eer veeJes efuene. (5)
1) cegK³e cegbyeF& DeeefCe cegbyeF& GHeveiejs ³ee ojc³eeve DemeCeejer Kee[er.
2) cenecegbyeF&®³ee GÊej efmecesJejerue ìskeÀ[er
3) cegbyeF&®³ee GÊejskeÀ[erue ceesþs nefjle pebieue
4) cegbyeF&®³ee GÊej-HeefM®ece yeepegkeÀ[erue Òeefme× mecegê efkeÀveeje (meer yeer®e)
5) cegbyeF&®es Deeblejje<ì^er³e efJeceeveleU
 104

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

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 105

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

For Education purpose only HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer
 106

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

For Education purpose only HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer
 107

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

For Education purpose only HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer
 108

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

For Education purpose only HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer
 109

Map not to the scale vekeÀeµee ÒeceeCeevegmeej veener

For Education purpose only HeÀkeÌle µew#eefCekeÀ GHe³eesieemeeþer
110
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