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The purpose of this case study is to analyse the capacity management in three
companies, and to identify a set of critical success factors in this area. The
companies are: Royal Jordanian Airline, American Airliners and Easy Jet. The first
two companies were selected as examples for 'full-service carrier', while the last one
was selected as an example for 'low-cost carrier'. The complete companies' profiles
are shown in Appendix A, B and C respectively.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
2
Background Information
Royal Jordanian is the national airline company in the Kingdom of Jordan. It was
established in December 1963 and was operated with two aircraft only to provide
flights between three cities. Today, the company provides regular flights to 45 cities
all over the world (Royal Jordanian 2014, p.16).
Competition, fuel prices, political situation in the Middle East to name but a few of the
reasons that are affecting the company negatively. Within capacity management
context, these challenges resulted in a very small load factor for some flights and
eventually led to cancel them (Royal Jordanian 2014, p.23).
The company studies the long term demand forecast continuously and update its
capacity of flights. For example, destinations such as Alexandria, Colombo, Milano,
Delhi, Mumbai, Lagos and Accra were deleted. Flights such as Tripoli, Benghazi,
Misrata and Mosul, Damascus and Aleppo have been suspended. The company also
has a commercial alliance agreement with different airliners in order to manage their
shared capacities with other companies such as “American Airlines, USAirways,
Iberia, Siberian Airlines, Air Berlin, Malysian Airlines and Sri Lanka airlines”. As a
result, more than 100 destinations are available for Royal Jordanian airline (Royal
Jordanian 2014, pp.31–33).
The company will continue to participate in Oneworld Alliance and Code Sharing
which provides extra 1000 destinations for the company (Royal Jordanian 2014,
p.37).
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
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and/ or the number of weekly departures according to medium and short term
demand forecasts (Royal Jordanian 2014, p.16).
Capacity Measures
Some of the capacity measures in Royal Jordanian Airline are shown below. Figure
A.1 shows how the company measures its capacity by Available Seat Kilometre
(ASK). The company works continuously to improve seat load factor in order to
generate the maximum Passenger Revenue Kilometre (PRK).
Royal Jordanian Airline Company- Capacity Measures
Table A.1 shows the capacity expansion plan that the company is planning to
implement in 2016 in response to the long term demand forecast. As shown below,
some aircrafts will be added and some will be eliminated from the fleet.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
4
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
5
Background Information
American Airlines Group was founded in 1929 and became the world's largest airline
company in 2013 after the acquisition of US Airways. The company provides an
average of 6,700 daily flights to more than 50 countries with a total of 350
destinations (American Airlines Group 2015, p.5).
Figure B.1 Fleet Inventory in American Airlines Group for the Year 2015
(Source: American Airlines Group 2015, p.45)
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
6
Yield Management
American airline group uses yield management approach to manage its capacity
under three basic functions (Smith et al. 1992):
1- Overbooking which is “the practise of intentionally selling more reservations
for a flight than the actual seats on the aircraft”.
2- Discount allocation which is “the process of determining the number of
discount fares to offer on a flight”.
3- Traffic management which is “the process of controlling reservations by
passenger origin and destination to provide the mix of markets (multiple flight
connecting markets versus single flight market) that maximize revenue”.
The three major changes in the yield management in American airline happened due
to (Smith et al. 1992):
1. The implementation of SABRE (semi-automated business research
environment) In 1996.
1- The adaption of super-saver discount fares in 1977.
2- The deregulation act in 1979.
The logic behind yield management in American Airlines Group is shown in figure
B.2.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
7
Capacity Measures
The detailed operational capacity measures in American Airlines Group is shown
in figure B.3.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
8
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
9
Background Information
EasyJet company, which celebrated its 20th anniversary in November 2015,
succeeded in becoming the second largest short-haul airline in Europe, with a total
revenue of £686 million by end of 2015 (EasyJet Company 2015, p.8).
The core business model of this British Company is a low-cost point- to-point short-
haul airline (EasyJet Company 2015, p.6). With more 10,000 employees, the
company serves 70 million passengers per year in 31 different countries, through 735
routs and using 241 aircrafts (EasyJet Company 2015, p.3).
Capacity Measures
Some of the capacity measures, operational and financial, that the company tracks
are shown in figures C.1 and C.2 respectively.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
10
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom
11
References
American Airlines Group, 2015. American Airlines Group Annual Report. Available
at: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=117098&p=irol-reportsannual.
EasyJet Company, 2015. EasyJet Annual Report.
Royal Jordanian, 2014. Royal Jordanian Airlines Annual Report. Available at:
http://www.rj.com/en/reports?cat=1&_=205.
Royal Jordanian, 2015. Royal Jordanian Airlines Annual Report, Available at:
http://www.rj.com/en/reports?cat=1&_=205.
Smith, B.C., Leimkuhler, J.F. & Darrow, R.M., 1992. Yield management at American
Airlines. Interfaces, 22(1), pp.8–31.
@ 2016 AYAT A. SALEH, submitted as a part of the 'Logistics and Operations Management'
course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom