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CHAPTER 3 Interior Place and Its Components INSTRUCTIONAL OBjEcTIVES + Describe the differences between function, space, and place. + Present and describe the basic components of place. + Explain the different prominence levels of domains. + Describe the components of circulation systems: arival spaces, paths, and nodes, + Explain the hierarchical nature of paths. + Explain the role and importance of nodes in interior circulation systems, + Show and describe various levels of openness of barriers. + Explain the various levels of invitation provided by diferent types of connectors + Explain the role of project ends in providing a connection to the restof the world outside the project. + Explain the role of furnishings as spatial modifiersin interior ‘environments + Explain the role of interlor landmarks in interior ‘environments. 35 Inthe immensity and confusion of te environment, certain portions of space assume ‘the valve of place. They oe dentable, can be ponted ou by others, onl suggest ‘ays of behavior. Some places eeintended for our movements ond exchanges, vers encourage withsrama and isolation Te place ots suggests on action ora pause, «een fonly mento. is frms are assoioted wit event which accommodates or which it has once acommedated, and with other similar places and events. —Plene voo Als, Element of Aehtecute: Fom Form to Flace 1 cUAPTER 2 we reviewed the basic events of peopleh experiences isde bulngs and other ‘onsidrations tat tfc the bling expeienes In this chapter we bein t focus on plea the bic unio interior desig, Mone special we expla ‘hebasiccomponensofprjetiatermsafplace Yul see that there are no 120 many types of place in ble ‘ngs when we generalize them int orbs clegoree ‘We ist expan the concept of plas ceta oe 0 thisbook Buldingsarcallstions ofplaces, nat fin tions, The basic components of place ae explained a system we can use to concepts projects, FUNCTION, SPACE, AND PLACE In design we commonly use the terms fanction, spss, and place Is important to understand the difeences between these tue concep and ow they ae relied. ‘ou are most likely fie withthe Hea of function 5 used in the environmental design dicing. sim ‘By refs to the things people (or animal, plans, ot ‘machines doinaspeicenvronment Ths tanh sped arrangements of spaces, unishings and equip- ‘meat and particlr placements ofthe prope within the required spces. To ze an aaogy fom teste, function lavoles the actos (uses) wing pros furnishings and equipment to perform certain ole, ‘Space ell round us, onthe exterior at well athe lotevior ofthe buildings we occupy. When we design andbwild projets, we claim space and subdivide In particular way to sult the ageds ofthe project. The spaces 50 dein have speci houndaris, shapes, and imensons. This act of dfnion ad shaping tins orms genetic space into the kind of space designers 36 stem mremion srece ‘work wit: architectural spac, But designers do more than jst define space. These defined paces sully cor respond to speic functions that occur in them. Ther esgn is aso developed further ap given pvticular turacteritis ( st those specif fnctons and to refs the general character ofthe poet. Openings ave placed suateical,sueicesreaicate, end subareas Asin during this proces of cusiowistion in ode to ee tbe particular egurementsof people who wl, cceupy the spaces the tata il take place ini ‘he eating entronmentceies eg merely athe: rural pce (stnough it on ail be eetrbed interme of boundaries, shapes. dimensions, 0 on) an noe becomes habitable pace (Oral the space in the eater, the pace occpied by thessgehssbeen chimed forthe fnctons performed by theatre. ths some ecogaiabelinity, andthe ations ‘ofthe actors occur on this tage, During a pay, the tage scenery portrays tnt pct tha fen cage fom scene to Scene each having unigue psc] qualities and rented acts, Inthe interior projets we design the setnge within paral space gently don change hat much, and defined places tend 9 have content goalies and related functions. Thus, he bar ina esa ‘an’ or te wating rom ina dental iis din _guihabe asa speci an unique ple from day ody ‘nfm wek to wee, Place ate las recogaiableaslcrete nts ar Ing on deniiable purpose and a partclar character ‘Tey become reogpzae a aving lint win whieh specie evens of fntions take pce. While the tem “pace” and “pace” can sometimes be sed otrchange Ahly, "pace ends to decide atl space more con Peel adhoc. place canbeomposed of several pce at long thangs opt a whole (Pgure3), ‘peppers ep, qs ose ata a henna A pojecthaving dozens of functions performed by a= ferent peopl wll acquire particu form bated on the number and relationship of places created bythe designee Jor the projet. Ata designer youavaye havea choice of howto bres the funtion nt dsrte compartment and how t assemble these compartment, Deinltaton sod dieeniation become pore cle with hich > chew pce How many places you crest and what sa, ‘proportion, and shape you give thers becomes eri ‘When they ae wel conceived ear and wel pacedthey ge enlronmente tong sense of enty and ake a stro impact In thischapter we are not concerned wit properties of space such se, proportion, td geometry. Our inet here isto discuss the geevesypes of pices that ecu Interioc projects. Speclc properties of space wil be ds- cused the nent chapter ‘BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT (PLACE ELEMENTS) ‘tthe most base lve Inert entree can be reduced to places we vst 10 do something (destine ‘on plce) and pace that ely ws gst there (rel: sion systems). The spall characters of these two ‘spesof places ate defined bythe Boundarcearoundand he objets within these place. With these four catego ries (destination places, cteulation systems, boundar Jet, and object) and sme elaboration we ea etabih ‘grap often clement el for conspiring int sor space "The group i combination of Kevin Leh five de ments of ban imgebiiy.! Chriian Nerbeg Sul’ lemens of existential space and some miaoe additions that address aspects wesc to interiors. Lypctie stad les revealed that people make sense of urban surround ings by euking ental sap that onsite fxtre fire hinds of ements dss, pats, node, ges, and landmarts. They ate defined below, whee they occur "Novberg Seo model feist pace eres tree core elements: centers, paths, and domains For an exp tation of thee, ae the capa in this chapter A detcrp tin ofthe ten place elements flows Destination Paces, Destination places canbe categorie es danas or en tes depending on tht degee of prominunce. Domains Domine sre recognizable ceions or seat They ate analogous to what Lynch called sri Lynch defines Aistecs 28 “med wo lage sections of he cy on ‘enived ofa having two-dimensional extent, which the ‘observer mentally enters aside of and which ae te ‘ognize as having some common ideale char ace"? NorbergSchulzs concept af danni i beter sated for intel spaces since domals dst eer the lange area connotations of Lynch ditt. Despite theeierence in sea, however, the cone ae nearly Interchangeable A diets uty some neighborhood (cesidental or ater) with recogni bounds fev and «pacar character bees onthe Kind of poo le who inka and the thing hey do You ay not Inenion euace ano ms conponetas 37 be familiar withthe neighborhood, but you sre likely (0 have t Ist some dea about is general extent. In Some cases there may be multiple adacent neighbor: Ihoods. and ven You ae nt flo with ese neigh- bochoods you may have general ides of the ae they ‘occupy. and maybe even a rese of where one ends and thenest onebegine, ‘The concep isthe same fr nero projects ahough ‘he sae isl. Te department in an feo etal store, the unis in 2 edt-ere clint, and the if ‘at dining rooms in large restaurant are ll examples of dors in tsiors, Domain are the basic destna- ‘os infty. They ae the places people go to pe form whatever actives they caret dobe it work, hop, Projets sully const of clltion of donne sccommmodated based on the requirements ofthe pro ram, They are important because they constitu the _rstestaren of projet They ze the spaces where users spend the most time centers ‘Centers are speci destination places. You can think of them as very special domala. The term comes fom Norberg Schulz. Centers are wellknown ples where particulary meaning setts ad social ntesctions "ake place They teboth the goals oward ich we move fd the potns of depareue fom shlch we orient out sees in elton tthe ofthe vironment (OF all he places people vit inside buildings, these ae the mot special. In public project they are ws ally the places whete portant gop activites happen. samples of centers icude the principal conference oom in an ofce, he msn dining hl in estat, ithe main lounge ofahot. There mportanecaions quire cer and ect acces in sme ees, they een regula eeroal approach, Centers at important during planning besa they require strategic plcemet, You shoal consider their Toctions before those ofthe es important ples. any oj users wil oient theses in relation "hose centers. Whether they Become the great big sce st the entrance, the sacred space inthe mid, or the restigus (or mytrious) destination at he end of 30 38. Swami msnion spece arene oman ee thay spies ad Beemer dapat eat sts ‘ens anton, oneself ses hcg encase li ‘import path, centers slays demand prominent plac. ‘eo. igre 3. shows the main suri i traning faci uly oe ofthe center of ha pst, ‘usimportanttonotethat otal prose needcenters [tis quite common to Sn restaurants where al dining anes are of emllarsportance a etal stoves with ‘dominant departments. Another mportant aspect, of centers to noes hat i thts etiv importance ‘hat males them center. gute 33 shows a phetograph ‘fone ofmany open aren an ois, of many sit {ar donne inte Say. Figure. 0 the ther hand, sos lng and prestigious public meting toem of a ing, leaving tle doubt that ti, deed one ofthe ‘spoil destinations eve center owes Tenancies mot pegs sts ‘ie paaeg nent oe, ‘Circulation Systems ‘Curculaton systems determine the way you nove sround bingo ity. To a ret extent, your impressions of pacar interior ensronnent wll depend on your experience while moving from place to place through the creation system, Hee we dstingush among thee bre componente of thee system: arial apace, the puta ders and nodes. ‘val Space "The place yo arive when vtng any Sty of sch portance hati deserves oa category san element tthe cts there are usally many ecesspot bata bulingrand thts tec sly ly one entrance Thee inners, mich morethan in cis, ‘ts porble to conta the Sit npreston oso “The arrival space serves to make a iil aver) Impeaton a the visor and aio sevves a+ depart Point othe rest ofthe fy often the place where we ate ete snd where we check nt and get ection ‘on how to each aur destination thin the Bulding Project. 1s importance and potest ae enoemous gute 55 dows the reception are of an oie fc, ‘veryofenhearal spice to such ofc sues. igure 36 shows the rcv pace oan academe ding dipiy- tng some special clan ad lighting Rs the cling to highlights importance. "he dsgn of aval spaces can combate greatly 6 the sense fonds enihment and espresion in Fes tiseayne onesie onset bey es ont tans dest tea, Five 6ene onsen ction st ects hve te a ats heap hited ia loo sap, sty. Antvalsareocasonsof tation betwen heinside nd outs af the projet "Te mpact ofthe tansons sd the ned to make route decisions produce gee ‘anaserage lvls of sess and, thereto, a sate of heightened awareness Paths Paths are the channels of movernent tit ae use to get sound, Lynch defines them asthe "channl long wbich the observer cuomarihy, ocaionly. seethrough etched lat doe not. Consequently. tig shes a designer can create the dese lov of tanspar ency othe oxen hen at ea a the canespt generation sage af he eign you should begin thinking about the desed ate and degre of separation between places and betwen ptr and places. Belge ofthe many ys ‘44 snaoine umeRIo8 soace to separate ree wl enable you tobemae responsive to ‘he optima level of separation and more erste shost ‘hemeane yout to achive Depending on their number, ie and configuration, bares can ave immene eft a how mich of he vial eld ia acne tone tine, hs ifuencng out sense of order and orientation. They alcnce the sense ‘of drama as one moves aout the pact Thee shapes, Pacemeat, and arangement serve 10 commuuniste 3 Portion fa projet expression, connectors ‘Coniarytathe ides ofbarserietht faces. The points ‘of connection between adjacent spaces ate important “determinants ofthe character and fs af those spaces, (Options range fom the wellnowr (and often ore sed) doorway to fallwidh openings between space Here, we ditingulsh Between to broad categories ‘steve and panages—each witha multtude of alae Hos, Gateways ead a formal aces points and invite rmoverent between spaces, while passageways alow ‘movernent between paces in loser ls formal way. Gateways A gateway, a6 the mame implies is 3 dleaty defined ot of entry. The most cman ones the doors. So strongly do we atsocinte the symbol ofa cated opening havingaswinglg door with the dasofentranceandesit. that the dooray has become the qusessental example ‘ofa gateway For ou purposes, well dsinguish between wand eatrywaysand ouknary eneyrays, COninary entry have single «double doors oF

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