CHAPTER 1

RELIMINARY

1.1 Background

In everyday life, certainly a lot of equipment that utilizes the nature of the spring.
Inevitably the use of these springs is needed in daily activities. Clear evidence of the use of
springs in our lives are used in the spring bed or sofa chair. By utilizing the nature of the
spring, It turns out that can be obtained an advantage. With a spring in the bed or chair can
make both elastic so it is more comfortable when used.

If a spring given a load and deviation will cause a movement, that movement usually
called harmonic movement. Harmonic motion itself is influenced by the force of a spring.
And the force of the spring is also influenced by the spring constant value factor itself.
Therefore a spring constant experiment will be carried out to better understand it.

1.2 Problems
The problem that arises in this experiment is how to determine the spring constant
value.
1.3 Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to find out how to determine the spring constant and
to determine the spring constant of several springs used in a static and dynamic way
 CHAPTER 2
BASIC THEORY
2.1 Newton 2nd Law
Newton said that objects that are subjected to resultant forces, then the objects will
experience changes in speed. The object will experience accelerated motion if the force
applied to the object is in the same direction with the object's motion, and the other
way around. And the change in speed can also be called an acceleration. Then it can be
said that the resultant force affects the acceleration of objects. Then also known by
Newton that the mass of an object also affects the acceleration of an object. Newton
said that the heavier the mass value of an object, the smaller the value of the
gravitational acceleration of the object, so Newton concluded in his theory:
“The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting
on it, and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the
acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the object.”
EF = ma …………………(2.1.1)
a = EF /m ………………………. (2.1.2)
(Giancoli)

2.2 Newton’s 3rd Law

This law describes the relationship between the forces acting on an object and the
motion it causes. The action and reaction forces of two objects have the same
magnitude, but in opposite direction, and are in the same line. This means that if object
A gives a force of F to object B, object B will give force of -F to object A. F and -F have
the same magnitude but the direction is different. This law is also known as the law of
action-reaction, with F referred to as action and -F is the reaction. Therefore Newton
concludes Newton's law theory 3 can be written with the equation:

Faksi = -Freaksi……(2.2.1)

(mikrajudin)

2.3 Hooke’s Law

Hooke's Law is an idea introduced by Robert Hooke that investigates the

relationship between forces acting on a spring / other elastic object so that the object can
return to all shape or not exceed its elasticity. Hooke's Law examines the maximum amount
of force that can be exerted on an object that is elastic (often springs) so as not to cross its
elastic limit and eliminate the elastic nature of the object. In the application of Hooke's law
is closely related to objects whose working principle is to use springs and elastic ones.
Hooke's legal principle has been applied to several objects such as, Spring Swing, physical
pendulum, etc. Based on above we will know the equation :

2.4 Simple Harmonic Motion

Every repetitive movement that periodically passes through the equilibrium point
on a particular path is called a simple harmonic motion. Let's look at a simple harmonic
motion model in Figure 2.21 to make it easier to understand the simple harmonic motion.

Picutre 2.2.1

Blocks with mass m based on the picture 2.2.1 is attached to the end of the spring
move freely in the horizontal surface and ignoring the mass of the beam and its frictional
force. When a spring is not stretched or compressed, the block will stay at a position called
the system balance position, which we identify as x = 0. If the block is moved to the right or
left from its equilibrium point, the spring will exert force to the beam in the opposite
direction to the beam; hence, the spring force is usually called the restoring force. It should
be noted that the minus sign in equation 2.2.2 indicates that the direction of the restoring
force is always opposite to the displacement of the beam. From the hooke statement we
will know that the given restoring force is directly proportional to the beam displacement:

Fs= -kx……… (2.2.2)

When the beam is pulled from the equilibrium point and released, the beam will
move back towards the equilibrium point with an accelerated speed. From that situation,
we can apply Newton's 2nd law for the motion of the beam with Equation 2.2.2 providing
the net force in the x direction, we obtain:

-kx = ma

a = -kx/m……….2.2.3

To find the magnitude of displacement we can use equation :

X(t) = Acos(wt+tet)……2.2.4

To find the magnitude of angular frequency we can use equation :

w = (k/m)^1/2 ……2.2.5

To find the magnitude of period we can use equation :

T = 2phi/omeg = 2phi x (m/k)^1/2 …..2.2.6

To find the magnitude of frequency we can use equation :

T = 1/T = ½ phi x (k/m)^1/2…..2.2.7

To find the magnitude of velocity we can use equation :

V = -wAsin (wt + tet )……2.2.8

To find the magnitude of acceleration we can use equation :

a = -wa^2cos (wt + tet)…..2.2.9

To find the magnitude of maximum speed we can use equation :

Vmax = wA = (k/m)^1/2 A…….2.2.10

To find the magnitude of maximum acceleration we can use equation :

amax = w^2A = (k/m)A…….2.2.11

To find the magnitude of kinetic energy we can use equation :

Ek = ½ mv^2 = ½ mw^2A^2sin^2 (wt+tet)……2.2.12

 To find the magnitude of potential energy we can use equation :

Ep = ½ kx^2 = ½ KA^2cos^2 (wt+tet)…………….2.2.13

To find the magnitude of mechanic energy we can use equation :

Em = ½ KA^2………..2.2.14

(serway jewett,2010)

2.5 spring constant

Spring will always have elasticity. Elasticity is defined as the ability of an object to
return to its original position after being exerted by external forces. One end of the spring is
connected to a spring balance and the other end is pulled in such a way that the spring will
increase in length. The size or increase of the spring length depends on the size of the force
used to pull on the spring. This means that the greater the force used to pull a spring, the
greater the length of the spring experienced. From above’s statement, we would know
there are some equations :
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 equipment and tools

In carrying out this spring constant experiment, there are certainly some tools and
materials are needed, namely 1 piece of load that will be used as an experimental object, 1
bucket used to place a load, 2 pieces of spring used to hang a load, 1 piece of stopwatch
used to calculate time, 1 a stative fruit used to clamp and support, and a standard scale (0 -
50 gr) used to weigh the weight.

3.2 Tools scheme

3.3 work steps

Static way

In conducting static spring constant experiments, there are several steps in

the work that must be done. The first step, the bucket is placed on a spring (using a
stative) and consider the position of the bucket as a scale position 0. Then the load
is placed in a bucket one by one, write down the mass of the load and the change of
position in each additional weight. Do the steps earlier for 5 types of load. After
that, the load is removed one by one, write down the mass of the load and the
position of the bucket for each load reduction. Do steps 1-3 for another spring.

Dinamic way

In conducting a dynamic spring constant experiment, there are several steps

in the work that must be done. The first step, the bucket is hung on a spring, then
the bucket is given a deviation and then released. Record the time taken for 15
vibrations. Second, the bucket is added to the load, then given the same deviation
as the first deviation and note the time needed for up to 15 vibrations. Steps 1-2 are
carried out for other springs.