01 So/id fuels (economics, business, marketing, policy)

Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy 96103600 Coke battery automation for life extension and poi-
lution control
Foster, A. and Hojo, F. Iron Steel Eng., 1995, 72, (lo), 15-19.
96103591 Appalachian coal markets The paper describes an advanced integrated coke plant computer control
Truman, J. Min. Eng. (Littleton, Colo.), 1995, 47, (12), 1099-1100. system which has been developed which has provided enhanced opera-
A review of the markets and end uses for Appalachian coal. Topics dis- tions, dramatic labour savings, and significantly extended battery life as
cussed include coal mined for the domestic utility market (which is driven well as improving work environmental conditions.
basically by sulphur content and Phase Two of the 190 Clean Air Act
Amendment), the domestic and export metallurgical coal markets (which
are defined by the nature of the domestic steel industry and changing 96103601 Development of a drop tube furnace based method
technology to meet environmental restrictions, and by the availability of for assessing the ash deposition characteristics of small sam-
seaports and overseas markets), and domestic industrial markets. pies of pulverized fuels
Barnes, D. I. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (l), 671-674.
Coal quality is important in minimizing the formation of ash deposits in
96103592 Appalachian operators maintain significant pulverized coal boilers. Achievement of the right coal quaiity requires
production appropriate technical input on coal properties. A laboratory scale test has
Signore, H. A. and Wolf, W. P. Mbr. Eng. (Litfelfon, Coio.), 1995, 47, been developed which enables screening of many samples, including bore-
(12), 1094-1098. hole samples, to ensure that potential difficulties associated with future
Discusses coal mining production trends in the Appalachian colafield (east- seam changes are identified prior to use on full scale plant. This approach
ern Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, USA). Gives a will enable more expensive, detailed testing to be better focused.
list of major producers, along with a list of 10 most productive mines in 4
tonnage ranges for surface and underground mines.
96103602 Development of coke-oven battery process man-
agement system at Rautaruukki Oy steelworks
96103593 Coal companies worldwide. Competitlon and per- Swanljung, J. and Palmu, P. Irorl Sfeel Eng., 1996, 73, (1) 46-49.
formance indicators - Volume 5 Describes a heating control model which has been developed and installed
A SERIS Report, Sheffield Energy & Resources Infovnariorl Servicer, 103 that optimizes process variables so that heating of a coke-oven battery is
Carter Knowle Road, Sheffield S7 2DY, UK, f295.00. always in balance.

96103594 Coal fuel cycle externalities estimates (Part of the 96103603 Heating patterns during carbonization of formed
U.S. initiative of the U.S. DOE/CEC Study) mixtures of coke and pitch
Saroff. L. Enerav Convers. Mamr.. Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37. (6). 1241-1246. Fukai, J. et al., Fuel, May 1996, 75, (7), 809-815.
Electricity is of &siderable b&refit to the c?msumer and’ society. How- Coke-pitch mixtures formed into cylinders of different diameter were car-
ever, the price paid by the consumer does not necessarily reflect the full bonized with various heating programmes to desired heat-treatment tem-
cost. There are two components to the full cost. One component is the peratures. The presence of cracks within the specimens after heat treatment
private costs that are paid by the consumer, such as labour, capital, fuel, was examined. The results revealed that the specimens fractured in the
insurance, etc. The other component includes the cost or benefit accrued to elastic stage rather than in the viscoelastic stage and that thermal stress
third parties, such as: effects of global warming potential; effects on health dominated the fracture of the specimens. Thermal stress was calculated to
from the emissions of SO,, NO,, and particulates; and other considerations. assess the fracture phenomena quantitatively. A heating programme suita-
These costs or benefits are termed externalities, and usually are not ble for the specimen prepared was evaluated. Comparison of the calculated
included in the price paid by the consumer. Externalities estrmates are value with the experimental results demonstrated the validity of the pro-
presented for site-specific pulverized fuel electric generation stations posed method.
located in the southwestern and southeastern part of the U.S.A. Externali-
ties are discussed for a wide range of effects. 96103604 influence of heat treatment of a blast-furnace coke
on its properties
96103595 Coal in Europe Wegiel, J. and Machowska, H. Karbo-Energochem,-Ekol., 1995, 40, (10).
Chadwick, J. Mining MagaGe, Jun. 1995. 172, (6), 350.358. (In Polish)
Restructing is the watchword of the European coal industries. In Britain Discusses the qualitv of a blast-furnace coke after its heat treatment at
and France the task has largely been completed, while in Germany and lOOO-1600°C and residence time of 15-120 min.
Spain, the problems are known, but little has been done yet IO solve them.
To the east there has been much rhetoric, and some accomplishments, but a 96103605 introduction of a quality control system for brown
great deal more has to be done. East-West cooperation is growing, with coal coke at Rheinbraun according to DIN IS0 9002
one example being the European Energy Charter signed in December 1994. specifications
This lays the foundation for a greater European energy community. Bussmann, R. and Boelitz, J. Braurlkohle Bergbuuteclr., 1995, 47. (7),
31-34. (In German)
96103596 Prospects for coal demand on the international With the qualitv control svstem for lignite coke, which has now been
market for power sources rntroduced successfully and’is being applied consistenly, the authors affili-
Meshcheryakov, A. A. Ugol’, 1995, (4) 21-23. (In Russian) ation meets the requirements for a system to guarantee quality that is
Discusses the prospects for world coal consumption for power generation. universally valid and in keeping with established standards.

96103597 The role of brown coal in the German power-supply 96103606 Metallurgical coke microconstituents: their trans-
industry formation and separation during heat treatment to 2400%
Maassen, U. Braunkohle Bergbaurech., 1995, 47, (3), 31-39. (In German) Radenovic, A. er al., Fuel, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 613-616.
Discusses the state of lignite mining and its role in power generation in The metallic and non-metallic constituents present in metallurgical coke
Germany. As the most important home energy source, lignite contributed are important indicators of coke quality and possible application as a feed-
13% of the total energy consumption and about 30% of the electric power stock for more valuable carbon materials. High-temperature production of
generation. Also describes the situation in the individual districts. these materials affects the qualitative and quantitative content of the ingre-
dients as well as their separation during heat treatment. Changes in S, Ca,
Si, Fe and Ni contents ~before and after temperature treatment of coke
96103596 The Stratford project samples at 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400°C were examined. Samples were
Mining Magazine,Dec. 1995, 173, (6), 338, 341. heated at 10 and 30 K min.‘. The heating time was 2 and 4 h. The metallic
A report on the recent financing of the acquisition and development of a and non-metallic microconstituents in metallurgical coke were mainly pre-
new export coal mine in Australia. sent in the form of oxides, silicates and sulphides. The results obtained
suggested that the separation during high-temperature treatment was partial
and different from each element.

Derived Solid Fuels 96103607 Method and apparatus for manufacture of formed
smokeless fuel
Zielinski, H. et ul., (Ax-crgrird ro) I!ISI~W Cheuucz,le] Przerobkr Wegla,
96103599 Characterization and cocarbonization behaviors of
POL. PL.167,220. Aug. 1995 (111Polrsh)
delayed cokes prepared from coal tar and petroleum residue
Mochida, I. et al., Coal SCL Tech!loL, 1995, 24, (1). 1093lOY6.
Describes how delayed cokes prepared from coal tar and petroleum residue 96103606 Micropores dimension and turbostratic structure
was characterized and evaluated as the coking breeze to improve the study of an steam activated semianthracite
mechanical properties of the metallurgical coke. The delayed coke from the Sousa, J. C. er al., Coal SC;. Technol., 1995, 24, (l), 39-42.
two feeds was found to carry the soluble aromatic compounds and alkyl The paper discusses the influence of turbostratic structure, during the acti-
groups, respectively, which defined the softening or fusibility and volatile vation step, on the micropores dimension. The activation of chars obtained
matter content. The delayed cokes were further heat-treated under pressure from pyrolysis of oxidized semianthracite coals was performed with water
to improve their role as the breeze according to their structural vapour. For the data parameters determination. X-ray powder diffraction
characteristics. and CO2 adsorptron rechnrque\ were u\ed

256 Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1996