Introduction

God has created this beautiful world with immense love and kindness. With
Enormous affection Allah Almighty has given birth to his lovable creatures.
He has given multiple colors to this world. He has formed Rivers, Oceans,
Mountains, Stars and several other creations for the pleasure of mankind.
He has given millions of shades to this mortal world. All are made for the
gratification of human beings. Unfortunately, Human beings did not
understand the motives of the creation of this world. Destruction and
turmoil have become the fashion of the day. Terrorism is the gravest foam
of destruction and disaster. It damages the internal as well as external
infrastructure of every country. Insecurity and mental pressure have
created a sense of self deprivation among masses.
What is terrorism
Terrorism means use violence to make the people frighten. We can
categorize terrorism into different parts like
• State Terrorism
• Bio Terrorism
• Cyber Terrorism
• Eco Terrorism
• Nuclear Terrorism
• Narco Terrorism
• Suicide terrorism(psychological warfare)
Terrorist are those persons who cause terrorism and involved in terrorism
activities. In this present situation, Pakistan is among those countries which
are facing the problem of terrorism.
Islams response to terrorism
Islam is the pious religion around the whole orb. Purity of Islam reflects
from the teachings of Holy Prophet PbUH.It always gives the message of
peace , prosperity , kindness, justice, equality and love. Islam forbids all
kinds of corrupt activities. Massacre of innocent lives are highly
reprehensible in Islam. Committing cruel activities are forbidden in pious
religion Islam. Islam openly negated terrorism.
Religion of Islam Advocates freedom, peace, mutual disagreement and
admonishes aggression.
Now let’s have a cursory look on the following verses of holy Quran which
indicates the fact.
“Do not aggress; God dislikes the aggressors”.
On another place holy Quran clearly says, “You shall resort to pardon,
advocate tolerance and disregard the ignorant”.
In Islam an immense emphasizes has been laid upon love and sympathy
towards all creatures. God has directed to be polite in speaking. Thus Islam
is the perfect religion of the world; it condemned all stances of terrorism.
How can a terrorist wish for heaven? They are directly assigning their place
in hell.
Terrorism in Pakistan
Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive
phenomenon in recent years. The annual death toll from terrorist attacks
has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009 with total of 35,000 Pakistanis
killed between Sep.11, 2001 and May 2011. According to the Governoment
of Pakistan the direct and indirect economic cost of terrorism from 2000-
2010. Total $68 billion Pakistan faced 118.3 billion economic loss as an
impact of terrorism and the war in Afganistan on Pakistans economy during
the last 11 years.
(Said finance minister Ishaq Dar on November 5, 2016 $23.27 2010 -11,
$11.98 billion in 2011-12, $9.97 billion in 2012-13, $7.70 billion in 2013-
14,#9.24 billion in 2014-15 and $5.5 billion in 2015-16.)
In addition to economic losses, cross-border terrorism in Pakistan has also
been responsible for untold human sufferings due to indiscriminate and
brutal terrorist attacks against civilization population said by the report.
Tactics of terrorism
The tactics of terrorism are diverse. As important as the actual attacks is
civilization in target population of the fear of such attacks so that the threat
of violence becomes as effective as actual violence.
Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective counters
measures and exploit vulnerablilites. As such terrorist groups have the
potential to utilize many different types of terrorism tactics depending
upon the circumstances and the perceived likelihood of success.
Some tactics are more conventional and widely used in opertions of may
terrorist groups. These tactics include shooting, hijacking, kidnaping,
bombing and suicide attacks. Other tactics are seen more conventional and
have only been useg in few instances if at all.
However, these unconventional tactics are perceived by Goveronment
official and threats, some types of unconventional terrorism tactics
commonly recognized by terrorism expects are bioterrorism agro
terrorism, nuclear terrorism and cyber terrorism.

Bombing
Bombing as a conseuence of globalization, The relative ease access to make
explosive has made improvised explosive devices (IEDS) increasingly
prominent.
This has the dual effect of increasing the available fire power of terrorists
who are generally far weaken than their targets as well as assuring the
publicity necessary to attract sympathisers to their cause.
These may be implanted in automobiles to make a car bomb, planted on
road side to detocate near target vehicles or even strapped to the bodies
of individual for suicide attacks.
Fromm a tactical perspective each of method have positive and draw back
for the instance car bomb act as their own delivery mechanisms and carry
a relatively large amount of explosive with weights of up to and over 1000
pounds(450kg) while a suicide vest has much smaller pay load but may
allow the wearer access to spaces and individual that vehicles can not.
Causes of terrorism:
Now let’s have a cursory look on the causes of terrorism. Terrorism is a
crime. It is now become a hard nut to crack for the triangular countries
(Pakistan, Afghanistan, and USA).The causes of terrorism is divided into
spheres;
1:-Internal causes
2:-External causes
1:-Internal causes
Now let’s have a watch on internal causes of terrorism. Internal causes
further divided into following types
•Socio -economic causes
•Political causes
•Religious causes
Socio -economic causes
First of all, socio economic challenges this aggravated the already
deteriorating conditions. It includes injustice, inequality, poverty,
unemployment, Inflation, food insecurity, threat, dissatisfaction, illiteracy,
over abundant population and massive corruption.
Injustice has been spreading since Independence. After the emergence of
Pakistan, as a sovereign nation in the world map, it has encircled with
several issues related to injustice. Lower class people are always suffering.
No proper system of justice is present. Questions remain unanswered.
Millions of people came from Indo Pakistan Subcontinent to fulfill their
shattered dreams but all hopes were shattered by feudal class. This mighty
class deprived people to obtain their due share. This class joined hand
together with chief officers and usurped the rights of uneducated innocent
people, who even did not know the hard realities of life.
Second issue which Pakistan has been facing as a threat is massive
unemployment. The ratio of unemployment is increasing day by day. It
created a big gap between developed nation and developing nation.
Employment is now become the need of an hour. Without money you
cannot survive in this materialistic world. Terrorism spreads like a giant
because of unemployment; innocent people are trapped by terrorists.
They give all amenities and facilities in shape of monetary foam. They pay
heavy amount to them and in returns fulfill their selfish motives. They
ruined the young generation. Proper channel of employment should be
introduced. This disease should be removed. It is biggest challenge which
is the root of all evils.
Third cause of terrorism is illiteracy, which should be removed instantly. In
Pakistan illiterate person can easily be cheated by sharp minded terrorist.
They only want to gain their motives. They can easily ruined the life’s of
people .they have no feelings for others. They are burning in the own flame
of revenge. They can destroy the lives of people. Illiteracy rate should only
be decreased by promoting the importance of education. Campaign should
be introduced. Government should introduce new ways to spread
education in downtrodden areas. Illiteracy is more in Baluchistan, KP, and
Fata and in the rural areas of Sindh and Punjab. This evil is eating the roots
of Pakistan.
Fourth problem of Pakistan is poverty. Poverty is a term which has been
derived from the Latin word pauper means poor. Poverty refers to a
condition having less or fewer resources than others. According to various
institutional reports I t has been identified that poverty is the main reason
of terrorism. According to unto, 65.5 percent population of Pakistan has
been earning their livelihood on 2$per day
Another report of Spdc has revealed clearly the poverty status of Pakistan,
65.5percent in Baluchistan, 58.5 percent in NWFP, 28percent in Punjab, 21
percent in sindh.
According to World Bank report Poverty is spreading as a giant’s deficiently
suffered because of World economic recession.EU countries pushed
millions of people in debt trap. Poverty should be controlled with
efficacious measures. Government should launch new and effective
opportunities to curb the menace of poverty.
Mismanagement of resources is one of the major challenges which
Pakistan has been facing. God has provided bundles of natural resources.
These natural resources are now on the verge of destruction. Terrorism is
devastating the natural beauty and this natural beauty is a channel of
obtaining food. Government should pay high attention to this side. These
natural blessings of God Should are managed properly.
Lack of accountability is another factor of terrorism. Accountability is very
necessary. Without it no one can perform his duties in an organized and
proper manner. Absence of accountability is a vacuum. It paves the way for
terrorist to fulfill their selfish motives. They are playing their role without
any constraints.
Food insecurity is also enhancing to great extent. Because of terrorism,
Government spends more budgets on the defense of the country. The
prices of commodities are increasing. It becomes very difficult for an
ordinary lower class people to bear the expenses. Apart from this,
Agriculture is the main blood of our country. It also faces adverse impact.
Our economy is totally revolves around agriculture sector. Industries are
wholly dependable on agriculture sector. Everything is interconnected.
Agriculture provides a strong base to our industries. Industries are a major
source of revenue generation. Food insecurity is largely dependable on
agriculture sector. Government should invest heavy amounts of funds to
this sector.
Dissatisfaction is also increasing to large extent. It is creating a sense of
insecurity. Terrorists in order to gain their selfish aims spread the wind of
turmoil and threat. Dissatisfaction has been increased in every sphere of
life.
Corruption is a threat to sovereignty. It is an alarm for national integration.
This term has been defined as; it is a use of force for obtaining personal
gains. Since independence Pakistan has been culprit of corruption. This
disease is eating the roots of Pakistan. It is spreading like a cancer. Mighty
hands are indulged in the promotion of corruption. No sector is saving from
this giant. The main reason of corruption is low level of salaries,
Unemployment, poverty, illiteracy and overpopulation. These all are
promoting people to indulge in corrupt activities. Corruption has the
following kinds: bribe, nepotism, favoritism, political patronage, bidding
process and so on.
Political causes
Political causes is also creating vacuum. It also paved the way for terrorist
to establish their foot. Political causes included the followings; political
instability, corruption within politics, no proper set up, military
intervention, Clash between institution, lack of consensus, selfish motives
of politicians, feudal dispensation and lack of accountability.
Since independence Pakistan has been facing difficulties in the
establishment of political set. Basically, there is no political set up in
Pakistan. Everyone is pulling the leg of one another for the sake of self
motives. In the initial years of Pakistan, Muslim league faced failure due to
feudal class intervention. After passing some year’s constitutional crises
erupted. Pakistan took long seven years to formulate first constitution.
Corruption prevailed to large extent. Military intervention to curb the
spread of corruption became the fashion of Pakistan. Constant four
military interventions destroyed the image of Pakistan. Clash between
judiciary and executive class have also come to forefront on several
occasions. These all political turmoil paves the way for terrorists.
The following are the main causes of political terrorism,
1. Political instability 2. Democratic failures
3. Influx of refugees 4 . Weaponisation
5. Drug trafficking 6. Mass massacre
7. Political gains 8. Feudalism
Religious causes
Religious causes also give sound ground to terrorists. Now a day, religious
intolerance is spreading around the country. People are misunderstanding
the religion (Islam).The concepts, ideas and values which are presented by
Almighty Allah in Holy Quran are totally different from what people
understand. This is termed as misconception. Misinterpretation of religion
has become a norm of the day. Extremist considered themselves as the
followers of Islam but unfortunately they do not comprehend the message
of Allah Almighty. The message of Almighty Allah is peace, love, sympathy,
kindness and honesty. Terrorists’ are not following the message of Allah.
They are doing Jihad for themselves. Jihad means fight for the cause of
Allah. Fight in the way of Allah. Religious intolerance should only be
controlled by learning and understanding Quran. Quran is the complete
Guideline for the whole world. It is a sacred book which was revealed on
Holy Prophet PBUH. Holy Prophet PBUH is the biggest example of love,
sympathy and tolerance.
The following are the main causes of religious terrorism,
1. Religious intolerance 2. Secterianism
3. Role of religious madressahs 4. Futile desire of heaven
5. Portray negative image 6. Material gains
7. Selfish motives
External causes
The following are the external causes of terrorism,
1. Afghanistan War 1979
Religious Madressahs is a hub of terrorists. They are taught and
guided in the madressahs.after the soviet invasion of Afghanistan in
1979, these madressahs were establish to prepare mujahedeen. The
overall funding of mujahedeen were under the supervision of
USA.they had been prepared to evacuate Afghanistan from the
Soviet Invasion. Soviet forces faced defeat from mujahideen.After
the failure of soviet forces a vacuum generated in war ridden
country. Civil war erupted and continued for six years. This gave birth
to drug trafficking, addiction, Weaponisation and other criminal
activities. It further aggravated the circumstances. Pakistan had to
bear the brunt of it.Weaponization culture entered inside the roots
of Pakistan. Thus began a new journey of disaster and turmoil known
as Kalashnikovs Culture. Pakistan always supported USA in the hour
of grief’s always left Pakistan in the hour of pains. After fulfillment of
motives, this marriage of convergence ended between USA and
Pakistan.
2. Iranian Revolution
Iranian Revolution also created a sense of conflicts inside the
boundaries of Pakistan. Sectarianism conflicts erupted. Shia and
Sunni rivalry began which further deteriorated the condition. This
also laid the strong foothold of extremist inside the boundaries of
Pakistan.
3. War on Terrorism9/11
War on terrorism9/11 began, when three hijacked planes collided
with the World TRADE CENTE NEW YORK and Pentagon building. This
was the cowardly attack which occurred on 9/11.killed several
innocent lives of people. People were buried under the roof of
largest building. This clearly showed the weakness of USA
intelligence agency. President Bush invited the whole international
community to participate in so called war on terrorism. Pakistan
became the top non NATO ally of Pakistan. Pakistan moves heaven
and earth to curb the power of Taliban. After the long year of
partnership, between USA and Pakistan, USA has decided to
evacuate Afghanistan before 2014.This war on terrorism has claimed
millions of innocent lives. Millions of USA military officers were lost
their lives. It created havoc around the whole globe. USA will
assigned this responsibility to afghan forces.

4. External influence
External influence is also instigating the terrorism. It is
viewed on several occasions that India is indulged in creating
conspiracies. It created misunderstanding between Afghanistan and
Pakistan.
Now let’s have a cursory look on the factors which are instigating
terrorism. These factors included the following; negligence of
government, drone strikes, anti- terrorism campaigns, injustice,
persecution of innocent Muslims of Palestine and Kashmir.
5. Role played by India
 Since independence, Pakistan has been facing several downfalls.
These downfalls created a gap inside and outside the infrastructure
of Pakistan. Terrorism is the disease. It weakened the foundation of
Pakistan. From its inception it faced millions of difficulties. Early
problems of Pakistan which included war with india, rehabilitation
of millions of people, mismanagement, lack of resources, Water
crises, massive corruption, lack of accountability, unjust demarcation
of state and mass massacre all were damaging the existence of newly
born state. After overcoming from these crises, Pakistan was
encircled with several others crises. These crises were democratic
setup, constitutional crises, feudalism, military intervention and
institutional clashes. After ending these germs, international
influence were shacking the weak foundation of Pakistan. Hence it is
clear that Pakistan is hanging in the balance.
6. International conspiracies

Terrorism puts adverse impact on the life of individuals. It is not

only put bad impact on individual’s life but also entire society is
encircled. Flames and flames are encircling the whole Pakistan.
Every city is now under the influence of terrorism. It affects the
mental health of people. People fear around the whole country. Is
this Pakistan? We were fighting and demanding for. Our beloved
father of nation who struggled to built this country so called Quaid
e azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Quaideazam condemned bloodshed
on every occasion. Unfortunately now at every place in Pakistan
Rivers of blood are flowing. Dead bodies are floating in this river,
and all are happening because of terrorism. Terrorism spreads
havoc .It claimed millions of lives. Don’t know how many others will
be victimized in upcoming days. It puts bad impact on social life.
Now Pakistani society has become the hub of terrorism. Bomb blast
has become the norm of the day. Every street comes under the
target of just one thumb click. Students are avoiding going to
schools. Absences of teachers are reached at its zenith. Overall
infrastructure of FATA, KP, and Baluchistan are damaged because of
 massive terrorist attacks. Girl’s schools are also targeting. The basic
motives of terrorists to damage the educational institutes. They do
not give preference to women education. They want to treat
women as chattels. They openly negated the concept of women
empowerment. The recent attack on 14 year old blameless girl
named Malala Yusuf zai was regarded as cowardly act of terrorists.
What they want? They actually want illiterate Pakistan. They
wanted to spread the condition of Pre Islamic Arab. Pre Islamic
Arabs were engaged in nasty circle of vices. They were the rulers of
darkness. They were unaware people. After the arrival of light in
the shape of Prophet Pbuh the overall world has been transformed.
No one knows the hidden motives of extremist except bloodshed.
Education is regarded as the blood of a country. Nation cannot
grow like a tree in the absence of education. Education provides
knowledge. It gives respectful position in social cycle. Absence of
knowledge is as similar as absence of humanity in men. God has
given full permission to avail knowledge. It is the right of every
individual to attain knowledge. Without knowledge, a man is like an
animal.
Political turmoil is evident in Pakistan. This gives an opportunity to
extremist .This turmoil is further instigating by rebels. Pakistani
Government should maintain healthy relationship whether inside or
outside the political spheres. It will be beneficial for the whole
nation. The recent clash of institution further fuelled the fire.
Pakistan should play efficacious role in countering terrorism. Sound
policies are required.
Factors Instigating Terrorism
Lives of people are very much valuable. Almighty Allah has created his
creature with love and kindness. Millions of civilians have losted their
precious life. God condemned scene of carnage.
Pakistan earns a lot of revenue from tourism. Tourism is regarded as the
source of revenue generation. Beauty of Pakistan is very famous around
the whole world. This beauty has been damaged by destructions. Tourism
in Pakistan now diminishes to great extent. This is another worse impact
of terrorism.
Foreign direct investment also declined. This is another disastrous impact
of terrorism. We are going back day by day. Efficacious policies are
required to cut the throat of terrorism. Now multinational companies are
not investing in Pakistan. It reduced our economic graph. The picture of
Pakistan in the modernized world is soul trembling. Most of the people are
going and settling abroad. Industries are closed. Economic condition
reached at zilch. This is Pakistan which is facing the curse of terrorism.
Taliban is the slogan of carnage. They are not human beings. They are
dragons. They are creating havoc around the whole globe. Name of
Pakistan is iniquitous around the whole world.
The following are the main factors Instigating Terrorism,
1. Anti –terrorism campaign 2. Drone strikes
3. Negligence of Government
4. Persecution of innocent Muslims
 Kashmir issue
 Palestine issue
Impacts of terrorism
Economic turmoil is another impact of terrorism. Terrorism put worse
impacts on economy of Pakistan. The economy of Pakistan is based on
the agriculture sector.agricultre is the blood of Pakistan. It is source of
revenue generation. Apart from revenue generation it is the source of
food. Agriculture sector provides base to industrial sector. In the absence
of agriculture sector, industrial sectors have no existence. Both are
interconnected. So in this regard economy of Pakistan is adversely
affected.

The following are the impacts of terrorism,

1. Insecurity 2. Political Instability
3. Infrastructure damage 4. Economic turmoil
5. Civilians loss 6. Diminishing Tourism
7. Declining FDI
Steps Recommended By Government:
Now let’s have a cursory look on the steps recommended by Pakistani
Government to curb the power of terrorism. Pakistan has taken several
stances to reduce the intensity of extremism. The efforts of Pakistan
military are commendable. Thousands of military officers’ losted their
precious and valuable life .Lots of anti terrorism campaigns have been
launched. Several bans on terrorist organizations have been enforced.
Numerous operations had done to eliminate terrorists such as
 Operation Rah-e- Nijat,
 Operation Rah-e –haq and
 Operation rah-e-rast swat.
 Zarb-e-Azb operation
Operation Rah-e- Nijat
The Operation Rah-e-Nijat was a strategic offensive military operation
by the unified command of Pakistan Armed Forces against the Tehrik-i-
Taliban (TTP) and their extremist allies in the South Waziristan area of
the Federally Administered Tribal Areas that began on June 19, 2009; a
major ground-naval-air offensive was subsequently launched on
October 17. It became the integral part of the war in Western fronts
which led the encirclement and destruction of Taliban forces in the
region, although the Taliban leadership escaped to lawless areas of
neighboring Afghanistan.

The operation was aimed to finish the senior Taliban leadership and
bring the lawless areas back to government control, however the
leadership escaped to Afghanistan whilst areas came back under the
Pakistan government control. Planning for the Operation became on
June 16, 2009 after successfully commencing previous offense, the
operation Rah-e-Ra'ast, and had applied a successful blockade of the
region that prevented the Taliban forces to gain external support. On
October 2, 2009, the preparation for such operation were made after a
top civic-military meeting took place in the Islamabad which led the
revival and starting of Navy's reconnaissance and surveillance air
operations to monitor the troop rotations of Taliban forces. On
October 19, the ground offense was launched when military personnel
from XI Corps, along with the airborne forces who were assisted by the
joint special forces, entered in the three-month-long blockade area of
South Waziristan. The PAF pounded the hidden and suspected
mountainous regions, relying on Navy's intelligence, while the Army
marched deeper into Taliban-controlled territory. The joint-military
forces entered and advanced in the region from three directions—
Razmak in the north, Jandola in the east and Shakai in the west. The
forces furthered advanced in the habitat towns of Makeen, Spinkai,
Raghzai and Tiarz; initially focusing on taking the town of Kotkai which
served as the command and control center for enemy combatant
forces. On 24 October, The breakthrough and major achievement
came to notice when the military announced the successful retake and
the control of the town of Kotkai after a heavy fighting.

On 29 October, the military occupied the town of Kaniguram, a strong

of former Russians fighters and Uzbeks controlled Islamic Movement of
Uzbekistan. On December 12, the military announced the success of the
operation and took the control of the entire South Waziristan into
government control. The human cost and casualties for Taliban forces
were extremely high, roughly losing thousands of fighters as compared
to the military forces; the senior Taliban leadership abandoned their
posts and escaped to neighboring Afghanistan before they could be
apprehended or killed in the actions.
Operation Rah-e-Haq
Operation Rah-e-Haq was the first battle of swat between Pakistan and the
Taliban. It was carried on 2007 in swat.
The following are its phases
First phase - Taliban occupy Swat
On 24 October, more than 3,000 Pakistani infantry troops were sent to
Swat to confront Taliban forces that were massing in the district in a bid
to impose their version of Sharia law in the valley that included
preventing women's education, death penalty for barbers, music shop
owners, and thieves, along with an anti Polio-vaccination campaign to
prevent the local population from getting vaccinated. The Pakistani
infantry troops deployed to the hill-tops of the rugged terrain. On
October 25, heavy fighting started with a suicide bomber attacking a
paramilitary truck and killing 17 soldiers and 13 civilians. Fighting erupted
in the hills with Taliban forces attacking military posts and the military
attacking Taliban mountain hideouts. By 31 October, the military
reported that up to 130 militant fighters were killed, however the next
day about 700 militants overran a military position on a hill in
Khwazakhela. Around 50 soldiers deserted their positions and another 48
were captured and paraded the next day. All of the soldiers were later
freed. Also, police forces in Matta were completely surrounded by the
end of the day. On 3 November, 120 police forces and paramilitary troops
in Matta surrendered and then deserted after they were disarmed. The
Taliban also overran the nearby town of Khwazakhela, thus taking two
police stations and took a large arsenal of weapons that was in them.
There was no major fighting until 7 November, when the Taliban
continued their advance and took the town of Madyan. The police there
also gave up their weapons, vehicles and control of local police stations.
The insurgents occupied the floodplain side of the broad Swat river,
which sweeps up towards the Hindu Kush mountains, while the remaining
Pakistani infantry troops held the road that follows the steep, forested
hills. This left the Taliban in control of most of the Swat district and by
then they had already set up their own local 'governors' in Tehsil Kabal,
Matta and Khawazkhela.
Second phase - Battle for Shangla, Pakistani offensives
On 12 November, 5,000 soldiers belonging to 12th Regular Army were
deployed to Swat to bolster the already 15,000 para-military and police
that were already fighting to keep what ground of the district they still
held. The Pakistan Army mounted a number of operations to counter the
militants and their expanse. However, on November 15, militants
advanced from Swat, which was now under their control, into the next
district to the east, Shangla. That day Alpuri, which is the district
headquarters of Shangla, fell to the Taliban insurgents. As the militant
force was coming towards the town the police force deserted without a
fight. The military quickly turned the focus of their operations now not to
take back Swat but to keep Shangla. By 17 November, an estimated 100
militants were killed in the fighting. On November 25, Taliban forces
decided to leave Alpuri because of the huge Pakistani infantry forces
moving towards the area. The Taliban evacuated Alpuri and took up
positions on the mountaintops around the town. Meanwhile, in Swat on
26 November, Pakistani artillery resulted in the death of two top Taliban
commanders. With artillery fire and ground forces, the Pakistani Army
tried to recapture many strategic hilltops from the Taliban and indeed,
they managed to capture some of the hilltops and drove the Taliban back
to the Swat district. The fighting for the hilltops left 4 Pakistani soldiers
and 45 Talibani forces, led by Mullah Fazlullah, dead. On 27 November,
Pakistani forces secured Shangla.

Third phase
Pakistani forces had retaken the Shangla district, but pockets of Swat
were still in the hands of the insurgents. By 27 November, Pakistani
ground forces were not able to reach Matta, Khwazakhela, Charbagh and
other sensitive areas occupied by militants. The security forces
concentrated on Imam Dehri, the native village of Maulana Fazlullah, and
nearby Kuza Banda, Bara Banda and Nigwalai. Once fighting commenced,
most insurgents retreated to nearby areas. The highest peak in the Kabal
district was retaken and other recent gains were consolidated.

After suffering colossal losses, the militants in Swat vacated all seized
police stations and other government buildings by 28 November and
decided to go underground while the government closed down all FM
radio channels in the district, including the one run by Maulana Fazlullah.

Also on 28 November, the Pakistan Army had cleared Imam Dehri, the
headquarters of Maulana Fazlullah's seminary, and police resumed their
normal duty in Alpuri, the district headquarters of Shangla. Around 50
militants were killed in four days of fighting. The militants vacated Matta,
Khwazakhela and Madyan police stations and fled to nearby forests. They
also left the Charbagh police post in Khwazakhela, their stronghold about
27 km from Mingora. Police and troops were yet to enter the areas, as
pounding of suspected militant positions continued and specialists were
called in to sweep the area for mines and booby traps.

On 5 December, the Pakistan army entered and took full control of the
town of Matta, followed by the capture of the towns of Khwazakhela and
Imam Dehri on 6 December. Imam Dehri was the previous home of
Maulana Fazlullah and his radio station.

Operation Rah e rast

was operated on 30june2009.Operation Rah-e-nijat began on June 19
2009.the place of operation was South Waziristan in FATA.
The following are its phases
Battle for Mingora City
Fighting commenced in the largest and main city of the district, Mingora,
between elite Pakistani commandos and about 300 Taliban militants
positioned in deserted buildings and continued until 23 May 2009, when
a major Pakistani offensive retook much of the city. Amid heavy street
fighting, the Pakistani Army captured large parts of the city, including
several key intersections and squares.

On 24 May, the Pakistani Army announced it had retaken large parts of

Mingora. Major-General Athar Abbas, the Army's chief military
spokesman, announced that "we want to eliminate the entire [Taliban]
leadership" Pakistani soldiers continued to engage the Taliban in street
fighting and search buildings for Taliban fighters. Pakistani troops also
retook several nearby towns previously under Taliban control.
On 30 May, the Pakistani military announced that it had regained control
of all of Mingora, though small pockets of resistance still remained in the
city's outskirts. Fighting between Pakistani forces and Taliban militants
continued in other areas. The Pakistani army claimed the death toll to be
1,200 Taliban fighters and 90 Pakistani soldiers.
There were believed to be 200,000 people in Mingora as recently as a
week prior to the eruption of hostilities. Following the lifting of a curfew,
as of 23 May a large exodus left what was believed to be only 10,000-
20,000 civilians in the town.
Expansion of Operation
After retaking the town of Mingora the military moved on to Malam
Jabba and Qamabr Bazar taking those towns and killing the TNSM leaders
of those towns. On May 29, the Army cleared Aman Kot and the Technical
Institute College on the Mingora-Kokarai road in Mingora. On the same
day, the village of Peochar in the Peochar Valley, as well as the town of
Bahrain in the north of Swat, had been taken by the military. Sporadic
fighting went on in the rest of Swat and in the Shangla district.

Capture of Taliban Commanders

On June 4, 2009 it was reported that Sufi Muhammad, the founder of
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi or TNSM, was arrested in
Amandarra along with other militant leaders. In the coming days there
was confusion over this claim since the Taliban themselves said that
Muhammad was missing. However, several days later it was confirmed
that Sufi Muhammad was not captured and was in hiding, while two of
his aides were captured by the Army. Those two aides, Muhammad
Maulana Alam and Ameer Izzat Khan, were killed when militants attacked
the prison transport they were in on June 7.

On June 12, in response to a bomb explosion at a mosque that killed 38

civilians, local Pakistani militia numbering between 1,000 and 1,500
surrounded almost 300 militants. The Pakistani army sent Helicopter
Gunships to provide air support to militia fighting in the villages of
Shatkas and Ghazi Gai, where the fiercest fighting took place. Pakistani
paramilitaries also set up mortar positions on the high ground
overlooking the villages. 20 homes suspected of housing Taliban fighters
were destroyed. 11 Taliban militants were killed in the fighting. On June
12, the Pakistani army captured the town of Chuprial in a fierce battle. 39
Taliban fighters and 10 Pakistani soldiers were killed. On June 14,
Pakistani soldiers began to clear the last pockets of resistance. On July 15,
clashes throughout the Swat valley left 11 Taliban militants and 1
Pakistani soldier dead, with the heaviest fighting taking place in the town
of Kabal. The refugees that had fled their homes also began to return on
July 15.

Final Assault
On September 11, 2009, the Pakistan Army announced that Muslim Khan
and four other senior TNSM commanders were captured near Mingora.
Maulana Fazlullah, however, remains at large. Maulana Fazlullah was
actually hit in two air strikes, and was critically wounded and stranded for
sometime in Imam Dehri without any access to medical assistance.

Success of Operations
By August 22, 1.6 million of 2.2 million refugees returned home, as per UN
estimates.On January 11, 2010, Hayatullah Hamyo one of the TTP
commanders in Swat was captured in Orangi Town in Karachi where he was
keeping a low profile by working for PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication
Company Ltd)
Zarb-e-Azb operation
The Zarb-e-Azb operation was launched by the Armed Forces of Pakistan
on June 15th, 2014. It’s a full-fledged martial attack on North Waziristan,
one of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) that form Pakistan’s
northwestern border with Afghanistan. Granting to the Defense Minister
this operation will be against ‘local and foreign terrorists’ and will stay till
‘the last terrorist has been eliminated’. This operation commenced in the
reaction of an attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi with the
complete political, defense and the civilian support of the state.