Health

Definition

Wellness

Personal Resonsibility for

Action

Characteristics of Healthy Personal Responsibility for

Concern for Others
Lifestyle Health & Wellness

Health Awareness & Sound

Predisposing Factors
Decision-Making
CONCEPT OF HEALTH &

Reinforcing Factors
Influences on Health &
WELLNESS

Wellness
Barriers to Wellness

Lifestyle Influences

Improved Cardiovascular
and Blood Vessels Efficiency

Increased Muscle tone,

Strength, Flexibility and
Endurance

Improve Self-control, Self-

Efficacy and Self-Esteem
Benefits of a
Comprehensive Health &
Wellness Lifestyle
Improved Stress Mgmt and
Outlook in Life
Conclusion
Imrpoved Interpersonal
Relationship

Decreased Mortality and

Morbidity from Illness
 TOPIC 1 – CONCEPT OF HEALTH & WELLNESS
Health
•WHO (1993) – state of complete health in
physical, mental & social well-being, not
merely the absence of illness & infirmity
•Donatelle, Snow & Wilcox (1999) – being
vigorous balance between social, physical,
psychological, intellectual, environmental &
spiritual dimensions of a person
•General – state of well-being at a particular
moment based on ability of an individual to
perform basic activities of daily living
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Healthy Lifestyle – offers choice of living behaviours which maximize the state of wellness &
decrease risk of illness & premature death
Internal Influences
•internal /external motivations
•personal values
•ethical & cultural influences
•religious beliefs
•fear of life-threatening diseases
Guidelines
•Eating well-balanced & noursihing diet
•Maintain healthy body weight
•regular exercising
•control stress
•manage extreme emotions
•adequate rest & sleep
•engage in spiritual nourishment according
to faith
Wellness
•Dunn (1997) – active process of person
becomes aware and makes conscious
personal choices to achieve a healthier state
in all important dimensions of their life
•Edlin & Golanty (2010) – proactive &
preventive approach to achieve optimum
levels of physical, social & emotional health.
Seen as commitment within personal
limitations & potential. Continued process
for optimal health, without merely focusing
on the absence of diseases
•General – active process through which a
person becomes aware of personal
limitations and make conscious choices to
gain more independence from the
constrains to their contentment for a
successful existence
External Influences
•environmental
•political
•socioeconomy
•social circles - body image, self-confidence,
development of positive awareness among
peers
Guidelines
•maintain work-life balance
•avoid smoking, slcohol & abuse of
recreational drugs
•regular health screening
•prioritising personal safety
•make continuous effort on self-
improvement
•maintain optimistic & positive outlook
•be active advocate for healthy environment
 PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH & WELLNESS

Health Awareness & Sound Decision-

Personal Responsibility for Action
•able to differentiate between modifiable
(controllable) & non-modifiable
(uncontrollable) risk factors
•helps adjust physical activities to suit
personal capabilities & limitations
•make strong personal commitments to
modify lifestyle and avoid negative
behaviours that prevent optimal health
•guidelines
•engage in regular & effective physical
activities
•avoid smoking, alcohol & recreational
drugs
•healthy nutritious diet
•work-life-family - social balance
lifestyle
•avoid/ignore excessive stressors
•adopt health-oriented policies within
the family & community
Concern for Others
•people-oriented individuals enjoy
greater sense of wellness compared to
anti-social
•person with social connectedness
possess tendency to be more
comfortable in changing situations
•good role model for others with less
judgemental who impose values on
others
•caring through words & actions that
reflect respect & concern for others
Making
•set aside dedicated time & energy for
wellness enabling activities that aligned
with their goals
•sustaining wellness programme
especially for long period influenced by
personal capabilities & limitations,
interest & endurance
•success of programme designed
according to personalised course based
on individual's health condition with
compelling desire to adapt for healthy
lifestyle
•gather appropriate information (books &
consultation) to make personalised
fitness programme, such as
•exercise routine
•rehabilitation methods
•dietary modifications
•current state of health
•long & short term target to achieve

INFLUENCES ON HEALTH & WELLNESS

Predisposing Factors Reinforcing Factors

(Characteristics in a person that
motivate behaviour toward
certain habits or acts)
•Genetic Traits
•carry risks of serious chronic
diseases (diabetes,
hypertension, blood disorders -
haemophilia, thalassemia)
•Lifestyle Changes
•reduce chances of developing
chronic diseases
•Emotional Responses
•emotionally resiliant, healthy
person is more able to rebound
back easily from incidents or
emotional trauma
•Social & Environment Conditions
•nature & quality of
interpersonal relationship
influence positive minded,
loving & well-adjusted, vice-
versa
•conforming to herd-mentality
and peer pressure is social
influences that shape person's
action
•Values, Attitudes & Beliefs
•instilled from early childhood
from parents lifestyle or
upbringing environment
(elements that help promote &
encourage behaviours towards
H&W options in a person's life)
•Reverse of Predisposing Factors
•attributes provide added
impetus to enhance for certain
traits to occur readily
•encouragement to persevere
with H&W programme greatly
influenced by reinforcing
factors - cigarette horrible
display
•External & internal Motives
•linked to variety of personal
reasons for persisting with
H&W programme (to look good
infront of others vs for healthy
life)
•Personal Committment
•internal sense of reward to
maintain wellness (marathon)
Barriers to Wellness Lifestyle Influences
•Economic Factors •choice give impact on quality &
•average income find it length of lives
challenging to spend money •risks or consequences in sports
regularly on costly fitness such as doping to enhance
programme or purchasing performance or recreation,
customary exercise apparel smoking & alcoholism
•Psychological & Security Needs •high risk sexual activities,
•H&W activities regarded as excessive hostility in
secondary choices in NEEDS competition, uncontrolled
hierachy aggression & poor adaptation to
•nature of occupation & work stress
scheduels influences continuity •delusional thinking of believing
of H&W routine that they are immune to
•Circadian Rhythm negative health effects from risky
behaviour
•difficult to exercise regulary for
people with rotating work shift
•Urban Settings
•Overcrowding, pollution & lack
of safety measures discourage
fitness activities
•Recreational parks &
playground is often far from
home due to land space
•commercial gymnasium &
fitness club is costly
BENEFITS OF A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH & WELLNESS LIFESTYLE

Benefits of a
Comprehensive
H&W Lifestyle

Improved Increased
Muscle Tone, Improved Self- Decreased
Cardiovascular Improved Improved
Strength, Control, Self- Mortality &
or Heart & Stress Mgmt & Interpersonal
Flexibility & Efficacy & Self- Morbidity from
Blood Vessels Outlook in Life Relationships
Endurance Esteem Illnesses
Efficiency
(against stress
& fatigue)