CONSTRUCTION

REPORT
ON
WATERPROOFING
IN TOILET

SAKSHI MEHTA
L.S RAHEJA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
SYB.VOC
ROLL NO. 29
WHAT IS WATER PROOFING
Waterproofing is the process of making an object or structure

waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by

water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions

WATERPROOFING IN TOILET
Waterproofing of toilets is required to prevent seepage

of water from floor slab and walls as toilet involves use of

water and has plumbing works.

There are several ways in which bathrooms can be waterproofed.

However, first and foremost, the location of the damage-causing

leak must be identified. Let’s take a look at the probable places.

- Check pipelines that open near walls and floors.

- Find all the concealed water pipes, for example, PVC pipes

and pipe joints.

- The tile grouts where tiles are improperly joined

- Near the shower

- Bathroom door jambs

- Wash basin, bathtubs, etc.

STEP BY STEP PLAN
Leakages largely occur due to lack of awareness regarding the

various techniques that can be adopted for waterproofing and in

choosing the right products for waterproofing.

· Ensuring that a proper slope is provided near the drain for

water to flow out freely is very important.

· The drain in the bathroom near the taps should be sealed at

the joints using a good quality sealer.

· The tiles joints should be thin and sealed neatly. Failing to do

this will lead to accumulation of algae.

· Continued dampness in the bathroom can lead to growth

of fungi and is harmful to residents and people in the floor below.

Repairing this will take about 15 days of work and escalate costs.

The waterproofing membrane should extend to about 150 mm

from the wet area to the dry area. The joints between the fixtures

and wall would be filled with sealant so that it prevents water

seepage
STEPS FOR WATERPROOFING

Step 1: Surface Preparation:

Post completion of masonry walls, chasing and installation of
concealed electrical conduit pipe and plumbing pipe, check for
leakage by pressure – 10 kg/cm2 ,for any leakages. Plaster the wall
and post curing of 07 days, take the entire area for waterproofing.
A Difference in the levels of toilet slab and floor slab is usually
called as sunk. Generally, a sunk of 150mm to 200mm is provided
to the slab of toilets blocks. The sunk is required for laying drainage
pipes (usually 110 mm dia PVC) and floor/Nahani Trap (height of
75 to 100 mm) accommodating drainage for bath provision like
shower, wash basin, bath tub etc.

The first step would be surface preparation to receive waterproof

built up, slab sunk surface should be cleaned to remove dirt, dust,
laitance, soft mortar and all loosely adhered particles.
Step 2: Testing The Substrate –
Water Ponding
For best results, It is always advisable to check the condition of
Concrete slab as it’s the substrate for receiving waterproofing built
up.
The cleaned concrete surface is subjected to water ponding by
allowing water to stand (for 48 hrs) on the prepared area. The
surface is inspected for any leakages, dampness, dripping, if the
same is observed it need to be rectified by crack filling the visible
cracks on slab and Injection Grouting as per the procedure
explained in Step 3.

Step 3: Strengthening The Substrate

– Crack Repair And Grouting
Visible cracks to be sealed by creating “V” groove, making the
inside of the crack bigger (< ¼ “) than it are at the surface, this
helps the repair material (non- shrink repair grout) bond with the
crack.

Fig: Crack sealing after making a V-Groove

Followed by attending cracks, Injection grouting is done using
injection grout pump with a non- shrink cement grout at leakage
points or at well distributed points (grid of 2’X2’) this makes the
substrate concrete slab less porous.
 Fig: Injection Grouting process

Step 4: Water Proofing Built Up

A) Plumbing/Pipe Insertions:
All Pipe inserts must be installed prior to the application of
waterproofing system on the sunken slab. The opening on
punctured walls around the pipes should be packed using with a
mix of Cement: Sand (1:3) mix with Styrene Butadiene Bonding
emulsion, at least 48 hours prior to application of waterproofing.

Fig: Plumbing pipes and inserts placed before waterproofing

b) The slab should be Pre-wetted to make it saturated and free
water to be drained using a dry cloth.

C) Application Of Base Coat

Applying a coat of cement slurry with waterproofing compound
(proportion as per manufacturer). The coat has to be extended
on the masonry wall atleast 2’ above sunk (this will protect
common wall against dampness due to capillary action).

Apply another coat of cement slurry with waterproofing

compound (second coat) after 06 hrs of first coat.

Fig: Application of Waterproofing Base Coat

Protect the base coat with 1/2” thick mortar (1:4, admixed with
waterproofing compound) to protect the base coat against any
puncture while building successive layers

Once the base coat is protected, the layer should be tested for
any leakage by water ponding test for 72 hrs.

If no leakages are observed, then you can proceed with sunk

filling by brick bat. Incase leakage is observed, the entire base
coat has to redone.

d) Brick Bat Coba Layer

Brick bat layer serve as economical sunk filler as they are available
easily at any site and also light weight in comparison to concrete.

Please note they directly don’t contribute to waterproofing.

Brick bats can be replaced by AAC (Autoclaved Aerated

cement) block bats, foam concrete or EPS (Expanded
polystyrene) Concrete.
Laying of sound brick bat coba (~100mm thk.) at required
gradients, slope between ¼” to ½” per feet. Proper gap should
be maintained between the brick bat not more than 10mm to
15mm with staggered joints.

Fig: Brick Bat Coba Laying

e) Fill joints with CM 1:4 along with water proofing compound
(dosage as per manufactures). Perform curing for 03 day.

f) The corners and vertical up stands (2’ above sunk) are finished
with CM 1:1 (12 mm thick) admixed with water proofing
compound (dosage as per manufactures).

g) Finish brick bat coba with joint less water proofing screed
(Cement: Sand Mortar of 1:3) admixed with water proofing
compound (dosage as per manufacture’s recommendation). The
surface has to be finished smooth and checked for slope check.
Also ensure proper finishing around Nahani traps/inserts.

Fig: Finished Surface with screed after Brick bat filling

h) Go for water ponding test, check for any leakages

i) Cure the top finish layer for a minimum of 7 days

Fig: Waterponding Test

Tips (Points To Be Remembered):
1. Never miss the waterproofing of vertical wall upto 2’ height
above the sunk portion
2. Always check and strengthen the substrate concrete slab
(receiving the waterproofing build-up)
3. Do water ponding tests at various stages to determine any
damages in the waterproofing course during the build-up
4. All plumbing inserts and drainage pipes are to be checked
for joint leakages
5. All plumbing lines (concealed) are to be checked for joint
leakage and pressure rating
WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
MasterSeal
MasterSeal introduced by BASF South Asia, is a range of spray
applied polyurea membrane, which is a two-in-one solution
that ensures high level of protection and waterproofing for
industrial, commercial and residential buildings
Krytonite
In any construction, Construction Joints always need extra
attention. Construction joints must allow horizontal
displacement right-angled to the joint surface that is normally
caused by thermal and shrinkage movement. These joints are
at the highest risk of water seepage and if not treated
correctly during the construction phase can lead to costly
rounds of repairs, especially once the structure is ready and it
is next to impossible to isolate the leakage point.
Dr Fixit LEC
With the intent to provide products not only to serve the
purpose of waterproofing purpose but also provide insulation,
Pidilite has come up with products like Dr.Fixit LEC (Low Energy
Consumption).
Dr.Fixit LEC (Low Energy Consumption) enhances the lifecycle
of the building providing better insulation and reducing heat.
This in turn also reduces overall energy consumption and
hence carbon footprint of the building. Additionally, unlike
other conventional raw materials, these products help in
reducing thermal stress on a structure and eliminate leakages
that result in expansion of steel used in the core of walls and
pillars.
. Newcoat and Newcoat Coool
Terrace waterproofing has been seen as the growing concern
area for consumers and hence our new innovative products
have now been specifically developed to deal with terrace
leakage issues. In order to solve these issues, Pidilite has
protective top coats like Newcoat, Newcoat Coool and
Newcoat Ezee.
 Bridge Deck waterproofing
Bridges are one of the major life lines in connecting
civilizations. They need to be protectected from one of their
major silent enemy- water. STP Ltd has been associated with
Brige deck waterproofing using SuperThermoLay APP
membrane. These membranes prevent the ingress of water
into the Bridge concrete, thus preventing harmful ingredients
from damaging the concrete
. Zentrifix-Elastic
Physical waterproofing systems can be preformed
membranes or slurry-applied membranes. Whilst having many
advantages, preformed membranes have the inherent
limitations such as overlapping joints and the difficulty of
application across change in geometry of the structure.
Applications for these kinds of membranes are multifold, in
basements, wet areas, swimming pools, tanks, dead-walls,
terraces, terrace-gardens, structural elements and so on.

THE ADVANTAGES OF
WATERPROOFING
Water seepage is a grave problem that needs to be addressed as

soon as it crops up. Waterproofing will help prevent water

penetrating into the house. It will also help contain the humidity

and protect from damages caused by humidity or water

exposure. Adequate waterproofing also helps in increasing the

market value of your property.