METHOD STATEMENT

FOR
TILING, SKIRTING, TOILET
DADO
&
KITCHEN PLATFORM WORK
 TILING, SKIRTING, TOILET DADO & KITCHEN PLATFORM WORK

Raw Materials
Cement:
1) Cement shall be OPC 43 Grade or PPC and not more than 8 weeks old. 53 Grade if used shall be
adequately blended with fly ash. PPC, PSC or OPC-Fly ash combination is recommended because of
low heat of hydration.
2) Cement shall be free from lumps.

Natural Sand:
For tiling works no detailed checking of sand is required. Sand for wall tiling should be 600 micron
passing.

Fly ash:
For tiling works, following checks are important, if used:
1) Sources of fly ash must be standardized as per test reports and fly ash must meet the
requirements of IS 3812. Further retention on 45 micron sieve after wet sieving should be less than
20%.
2) Fly ash should be free from lumps.

Water:
Water for Tiling Works following checks are important on water used for curing to avoid
efflorescence:
 Sulphates: Not greater than 0.05 %
 Chlorides: Not greater than 0.10 %

Admixture: Admixture like tile adhesives / liquid tile adhesives (can be used for better bonding) shall
be from reputed manufacturers. Care shall be taken to see that it is compatible with the Type / Brand
of cement being used.

Grouts, Adhesives, Colouring pigments, Spacers, Masking tape:

1) Grout used for sealing of gaps between tiles shall be of approved make and shall be stain resistant.
Adhesives shall be of approved make.
2) If specified, Colouring pigments matching with the shade of tiles shall be used.
3) Spacers and masking tape shall be as suggested by Architect.

Mortars for tile bedding:

Approved mix from QA Department shall be used for mortar for tile bedding as well as wall tiles
Tiles:
Tiles shall be vitrified, Ceramic, Glazed or Porcelain of make and colour as specified on drawings in
the specification. Tiles, on receipt of every lot, shall be checked visually for any cracks, chipped
surfaces, colour variation and arrow mark. If tiles are not found satisfactory, then the entire lot of
tiles shall be rejected. However, following tests shall be carried out on tiles for every receipt of lot,
for their acceptance.
Testing frequency of tiles shall be after every 2000 tiles (considered as a lot) from the same
manufacturer for same colour / size / type or when the source of supply changes.
For testing purpose number of tiles selected shall be as per table. Tiles shall be selected at random
and subjected to following tests and acceptance criteria.
 Failure of 2 or more tiles as per tolerance given in Table shall be liable for rejection of entire lot.
 If only 1 tile fails to satisfy criteria then retesting of tiles shall be carried out as earlier on fresh
tiles. No tile should fail in retesting considering tolerances.

Tests on tiles:
Dimensional Analysis for tiles:
A) Measurement of length and width:
 10 tiles shall be chosen at random from a given lot.
 Length and widths of all tiles shall be measured between end corners of tiles. (Leaving 5mm from
corners)
 In all 40 readings shall be obtained.
 Average of these 40 readings shall be compared with the ordered sizes of tiles.

B) Measurement of thickness:
 10 tiles shall be chosen at random from a given lot.
 Diagonals shall be drawn on all tiles. Thickness of tiles shall be measured at the centre of 4
segments so formed with the help of micrometre.
 Average thickness of all 40 readings shall be calculated and shall be compared with the specified
thickness of tile.

C) Measurement of straightness of sides:

 10 tiles shall be chosen at random from a given lot.
 For measurement of straightness of sides, a steel square shall be used. Deviation from
straightness _ (delta) shall be measured as the difference of straightness between that at 5mm
from corners of tiles and that at centre of corresponding edge of tile.
D) Measurement of rectangularity
 10 tiles shall be chosen at random from a given lot.
 Tiles shall then be placed over a steel plate with studs at 5mm from corners.
 Difference in size, _ of tile is checked at 5mm from corners for all four sides separately, by
rotating the tile.
 Deviation of rectangularity for each side shall be: Δ *100 / L, where L is corresponding length of
tile.
Field test:
About 2” high bed of sand shall be made on site and levelled. Tiles chosen for test shall be placed on
them touching each other so as to form sufficiently levelled top of tiles. Number of tiles to be chosen
for testing shall depend upon the size of tiles, for which following table is given.

SIZE OF TILES NO. OF TILES CHOSEN FOR TEST

1m x 1m 4
600 mm x 600 mm 8
 300 mm x 300 mm 20
150 mm x 150 mm 20

After placing the tiles on sand bed, diagonal length of the square so formed shall be measured and
diagonal length shall be match with the calculated diagonal length. No tolerance shall be allowed on
diagonal length measured.

E) Surface Flatness:
 10 tiles shall be chosen at random from a given lot.
 A flat calibrated plate of steel or glass 10mm thick with studs is used for determining a plane by
adjusting studs at three corners of tile (5mm away from corner)

1) Center of curvature:
∂ (Center of curvature) is the difference in level at the center of tile and the level of plane as
determined above
2) Edge of curvature:
∂ (Edge of curvature) is the difference in level at the center of edge of tile and the level of plane as
determined above.
3) Warpage of curvature:
∂ (Warpage) is the difference in level at the fourth corner of tile and the level of plane as determined
above.

F) Water Absorption Test for Ceramic / Glazed tiles:

 5 tiles are chosen at random from a given lot (Area of each tile >400sq.cm), whereas 10 tiles shall
be chosen (Area of each tile <400 sq.cm).
 Tiles having sides larger than 200 mm, shall be cut into pieces (Each having area <400 sq.cm), but
all tiles pieces, so formed shall be tested.
 Tiles to be tested shall be oven dried and then cooled to room temperature and weight of each
tile m1 is noted.
 Tiles are then kept immersed in distilled water, each tile separated from each other and kept
immersed in water in such a way so as to keep 50 mm water depth above and below the tiles.
 Water in then heated till boiling temperature and tiles are kept immersed in boiling water for
about 2 Hrs.
 Tiles are then wiped dry with Chamois leather and placed in cold water for about 4 Hrs. and wt
of each tile m2 is noted.
 Percentage of water absorption = (m2-m1)*100/m1 and shall not be greater than 10%.

NOTES:
Vitrified tiles are not soaked before fixing.

G) Scratch test:
 At least 3 tiles are chosen randomly from a given lot.
 With the help of sharp nail 4 lines are drawn on each tile, by applying uniform pressure. No
scratch mark should be observed.
Reference shall be made to Table 1 for acceptance criteria of tiles.

Natural Stones:
1) Natural stones like Kadappa, kotah, Granite as well as different kinds of marble shall be checked
for any flaws, fissures, cracks and uniformity in colour as well as grain structure.
2) At least two samples of natural stones (each 2’ x 2’) for matching with the requirements like
colour, thickness and bearing manufacturer’s label shall be obtained from the supplier for approval.
One approved sample shall be retained at site for acceptance, at the time of delivery of material.
3) Natural stones shall be matched with the samples kept at site for colour, uniformity of thickness,
cleavage, soft spots etc, if any. Natural stones tiles shall be checked for bends and surface
undulations.
4) Italian marble shall be subjected to macroscopic examination for detection of hair thin cracks not
visible to naked eyes but become visible after polishing.
5) Marble shall be checked for colour of veins within.
6) Thickness of all such stones shall be as specified in drawing or as mentioned in the specification.
7) All such stone slabs or tiles made from them shall bear Manufacturer’s label on it, as far as
possible. Acceptance criteria may be referred from Table 2.
Samples of all natural stones as well as pieces of natural stone tiles shall be examined
macroscopically for its colour, structure, texture and mineral constituents from laboratory. For
identification of stone type, reference shall be made to characteristics mentioned in table.
For this Natural stones/ Natural stone tile shall get tested from outside laboratory for the various
tests mentioned in table.

TABLE 1: Guidelines for Inspection of Tiles Page No: 219

Sr. Description Mode of Inspection Acceptance Frequency
No. Criteria
1 Dimensional Analysis Field test: Every 2000
(10 tiles from lot) Length-Ceramic, Porcelain and ±1 mm tiles or
glazed tiles. source
±1 mm
changes
Width- Ceramic, Porcelain and ±0.5 mm
glazed tiles
Thickness- Ceramic, Porcelain and
±0.5 mm
glazed tiles
±0.5 mm
Length-Vitrified Tiles
±0.5 mm
Width- Vitrified Tiles
Thickness- Vitrified Tiles
2 Measurement of Field test No deviation Every 2000
straightness (10 tiles tiles or
from lot) source
change
3 Measurement of Field test No deviation Every 2000
Rectangularity (10 tiles or
tiles from lot) source
change
4 Surface flatness (10 External Lab test ±0.2 mm Every 2000
tiles from lot) tiles or
source
 change
5 Canter of curvature External Lab test ±0.2 mm Every 2000
(10 tiles from lot) tiles or
source
change
6 Edge curvature (10 External Lab test ±0.2 mm Every 2000
tiles from lot) tiles or
source
change
7 Warpage (10 tiles External Lab test ±0.2 mm Every 2000
from lot) tiles or
source
change
8 Water absorption External Lab test <- 10% Every 2000
5 tiles(area>400cm2) tiles or
10 source
tiles(area<400cm2) change
9 Scratch test (At least Field test No scratch Every 2000
3 tiles from lot) mark observed tiles or
on tiles. source
change
NOTES: Above tolerances are recommended for achieving good workmanship at site. (IS/EN
standards being
quite liberal)
TABLE 2: Guidelines for Inspection of Natural Stones (Outside Lab) (Reference Table 1 – IS 1123 –
1975)

Type of Colour Specific Compress Shear Tensile Porosity Resistanc Modulus

Stone Gravity Strength Strength Strength % e to of
Abrassion Elasticity
Kg / cm 2
Kg / cm 2
Kg / cm 2

% Kg / cm2
Granite White to light grey 2.63 1000 – 140 – 70 – 250 0.4 – 4.0 43.9 – 200000 to
and pink -2.75 2500 500 87.9 600000
Limestone Black, Grey, Greenish 2.14 – 300 - 2500 100 - 500 50 – 250 5 – 20 1.3 – 24.1 100000 to
( Kadappa, Yellow, Blue 2.80 800000
Kota)
Sanstone Depends on the 1.85 – 200 - 1700 80 - 400 40 – 250 5.0 – 25 1.6 – 29 50000 to
colour of matrix and 2.70 800000
cement; generally
white, grey, red, buff,
brown, yellow and
even dark grey
Laterite Brownish red, yellow, 1.85 19 – 23 ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
brown, Grey and
mottled colours
Marble White, rose, pink, 2.6 – 1000 – 150 - 300 70 - 200 2.0 – 4.0 6.7 – 41.7 -----
red, green, yellow, 2.7 2500
 black etc. (Impurities
impart different
shades)
Slate Dark grey, black, 2.6 – 1000 – ----- 70 – 200 0.1 – 1.0 ----- -----
greenish grey, purple 2.7 2000
grey etc

Procedure for flooring and skirting works:

 Flooring
A) Pre Tiling Procedures (Flooring):
1) Latest architectural drawing shall be made available on site indicating start point, joints, level,
offset, type, colour, size and laying pattern etc.
2) Conduiting works, if required, on a slab surface shall be completed. Nahani traps as well as
washing machine outlet pipe shall be provided as shown on the drawing.
3) Slab surface shall be cleaned by chipping if required, and wetted thoroughly. The naked slab shall
be treated with cement slurry with non-shrink material to avoid seepage of water below through
shrinkage cracks, if any.
4) Tile layout shall then be marked on the floor, with correct size of tiles, and clear-cut marking of
starting point for fixing of tiles shall be done. Tile edges being kept at right angles to plastered faces
of walls or as specified in drawing.
5) It shall be ensured that quality of tiles is satisfactory as per approved sample and proper sorting of
tiles should be done to have uniformity in size, colour and shade room wise.
6) Proper thiyya (level pads)s of tiles shall be taken at all four corners of rooms where tiles are to be
fixed and shown to the site in charge / site engineer before work begins. Floor level offset (1/2”
minimum or as specified on drawing) and slope shall be considered while taking thiyya (level pads)s
for toilets and terraces.
7) Floor thiyya (level pads)s shall be taken starting from stair landing and passage area first and then
within the rooms, keeping proper offsets (if any) as mentioned on drawing. Thiyya (level pads)s thus
taken for entire floor shall be checked by site engineer before tiling is started in any of the rooms.
8) Finished floor level so decided shall be clearly marked on each wall.

B) During Tiling Procedures (Flooring):

1) Tiles (Ceramic and Glazed) shall be soaked by completely immersing tiles in water for about 3
hours and then drained for minimum period of 30minutes prior to their fixing in position.
2) Recommended mix proportion for mortar bedding should be used as per manufacturer’s
specification and/or approved by Q A Department.
3) If mortar bed thickness works out to be more than 2”, then the additional thickness shall be made
of by placing nominal screed concrete (PCC (1:3:6) mix or as specified by QA Department) and it shall
be cured for at least 3 days and then fresh mortar shall be laid over it.
4) For laying of tiles alternatives below shall be followed:
Alternate 1:
 Once mortar bed dries sufficiently cement slurry shall be laid (cement or Cement+ LTA (liquid tile
adhesive) as per manufacturer’s specification) over mortar bed and levelled using straight edge.
 Tiles shall be laid simultaneously as cement slurry or Cement + LTA is spread along with Bonding
agent (if specified) and laying shall be done so that all joints of tiles match without showing any
offsets.
Alternate 2:
 Mortar bed is cured for 3 to 7 days. Rich cement sand mortar (1:1) 4-5 mm thickness; using fine
sand shall be applied over cured mortar bed.
 Tiles shall be laid simultaneously as rich cement sand mortar is applied and laying shall be done
so that all joints of tiles match without showing any offsets.
For tiles of size 900 x 900 and above; alternate 2 shall be adopted.
5) Use of arrow marks at the back of tile shall be made while fixing tiles. Straightness of joints shall
be maintained throughout. Tile fixing procedure shall be confirmed from the manufacturer, if
required, or under special circumstances. This is especially required when a particular design pattern
is required on the finished tile surface.
6) Each tile after placing shall be tamped with rubber mallet to form accurately levelled surface.
Hollowness beneath the tiles shall be checked from time to time by tamping and checking the sound
produced. Corners of tiles shall be specially attended to for checking hollowness beneath.
7) It is strongly recommended that all tile joints shall be maintained with the help of spacers (gap
1.5mm and above) and filled with approved sealant of matching / contrast colour. However,
architectural drawings shall be followed.
8) Polyurethane foam of 5-6 mm thickness shall be provided along all four edges of room to cater for
expansion of tiles where spacers are not provided.
9) Proper offsets as well as slope (1:100 recommended or as specified on drawing) shall be provided
for tiles in toilets as well as tiles in attached terraces. Offsets shall be provided using 40x40x3
aluminium angles. As far as possible, threshold patti should be used.
10) Skirting tiles shall be fixed over floor tiles.
11) Antiskid tiles are recommended for stairs, toilets and attached terrace and joint free rectified tiles
are recommended in kitchen area for hygiene consideration. It is recommended that floor tiles of
swimming pool be fixed using LTA.

C) Post Tiling Procedures (Flooring)

1) Next day joints of tiles shall be raked little with thin metal sheet and filled with grout of matching
shade and cured for at least 3 days. Use of half round tool shall be made for filling joints, where
spacers are used.
2) After curing is over, joints of tiles shall be covered with masking tape to prevent entry of dirt into it
and shall be covered with a layer of POP with paper underneath, for protection against scratches due
to dragging of objects over them as also stains caused due to dropping of acids, detergents and other
heavy objects and footmarks.
3) Natural stone tiles shall be polished after a gap 15 days after fixing of tiles and polished surfaces
shall be well protected as above.
4) Staircase treads shall be checked for perfect line dori from topmost tread to bottommost tread.

 Skirting:
1) Skirting work shall start after masking of joints in tiles is complete.
2) It is recommended that skirting face shall be flush with wall plaster face and groove above skirting
shall be avoided since dirt accumulates within the groove. However, architectural drawings shall be
followed.
3) Where Architect has particularly recommended skirting to fixed in offset with plaster, following
precaution shall be taken:
a) Wall plaster shall be completed in perfect plumb and line leaving a gap of height (50-100mm more
than skirting height, at bottom).
b) Temporary thiyya (level pads), using skirting tiles shall be taken from wall by fixing two skirting
pieces, one at each end of the wall and line dori shall be stretched across them.
c) Skirting tiles shall be fixed in plumb with the thiyya (level pads) so taken.
d) Gap above skirting shall be applied with plaster and trowelled flush with plaster above.
e) This is to ensure uniform offset of skirting over plaster.
4) Skirting edges and floor tile edges shall perfectly match.
5) Skirting at offsets shall be matched at 45º to show a clean edge.
6) Skirting shall be fixed in such a way so as to keep its top level in perfect line and level of plaster.

Staircase
1) Tiles over staircase shall be anti-skid type unless specified otherwise by Architect.
2) If natural stones/natural stone tiles are used over steps, at least three grooves shall be made near
nosing.

Marble Slab Fixing for Flooring

1) Latest architectural drawing shall be made available on site indicating start point, joints, level,
offset, type, colour, and size and laying pattern etc. Architectural drawing showing cut sizes of marble
slabs to be fixed shall be available on site and marble received on site shall be cut into pieces
accordingly.
2) Conduiting works, if required, on a slab surface shall be completed. Nahani traps as well as
washing machine outlet pipe shall be provided as shown on the drawing.
3) All the waste material such as excess concrete and mortar shall be removed from the slab top
(Gadai). It shall be ensured that such waste material is also removed from the junction of slab and
column, slab and walls etc. It shall be ensured that the skirting portion should not be plastered.
4) The naked slab shall be treated with cement slurry with non-shrink material to avoid seepage of
water below through shrinkage cracks, if any.
5) If any inlays according to layout as given by architects to be done, then the cutting should be done
accordingly.
6) Finished floor level so decided shall be clearly marked on each wall.
7) The edges of each marble piece shall be chipped for better bond and hair line joints. The bottom
edges should be chamfered.
8) Sand used for bedding mortar should be free from clay to reduce iron exchange in the marble.
9) Nominal cement mortar mix (1:8) or as decided by Q A Department shall be laid at one corner, just
sufficient for laying one piece of marble. Mortar bed thickness shall be as per thiyya (level pads)
taken. Sand used for mortar should be free from gravels.
10) Prior to fixing, the marble shall be sorted according to various sizes and according to colour and
shade. The marble shall be sorted in dry state and again sorted by pouring water on it to ensure that
there is not too much variation in shades and colour in particular flat. Pre polished marble may be
used alternatively.
11) After sorting marble pieces, the selected pieces shall be numbered and stacked accordingly as
per the flooring pattern. Due to large variation amongst marble lot, it is desirable to have marble in
any one room from the same lot as far as possible. This can be done only at the time of cutting and
suitability marked.
12) The mortar bedding shall be scratched with scratching tool and over the mortar bed, white
cement slurry shall be laid and marble shall be placed over it. Marble slab shall be tamped properly
to remove hollow pockets underneath. In place of white cement slurry, liquid tile adhesives can also
be used.
13) Marble slab shall then be lifted and undulations/hollow pockets on mortar bed, if any shall be
observed. They shall be filled up with additional mortar, white cement slurry reapplied and marble
slab shall be placed once again over it and tamped. Again marble slab is lifted to observe hollow
pockets / undulations underneath.
14) Above process is continued till no hollow pockets / undulations are observed on mortar bed and
then marble is finally placed and tamped. One more marble piece shall then be fixed at opposite
corner of the room in similar way. Both the slabs thus laid shall be in perfect level, which shall be
checked by stretching line dori over them.
15) Another slab shall then be laid at third corner of the room and level checked as above. All
adjacent slabs shall then be laid in similar way. Joints shall be kept unfilled.
16) Next day joints shall be filled with grout made of white cement mixed with matching colour
pigment OR ready made grouts of matching colour. Curing shall start after grout dries sufficiently.
17) Cured marble flooring shall be polished after 15 days of laying as per procedure laid down in
polishing.
18) For Italian marble flooring, entire surface shall be cleaned with water and water shall be allowed
to dry out. Then grout of matching colour (tinex) is applied over entire surface area to fill up joints
and then polishing work is carried as per procedure laid down in polishing.

Granite Slab Fixing for Flooring

1) Latest architectural drawing shall be made available on site indicating start point, joints, level,
offset, type, colour, and size and laying pattern etc. Architectural drawing showing cut sizes of granite
to be fixed shall be available on site and granite received on site shall be cut into pieces accordingly.
2) Conduiting works, if required, on a slab surface shall be completed. Nahani traps as well as
washing machine outlet pipe shall be provided as shown on the drawing.
3) All the waste material such as excess concrete and mortar shall be removed from the slab top
(Gadai). It shall be ensured that such waste material is also removed from the junction of slab and
column and slab and walls. It shall be ensured that the skirting portion should not be plastered.
4) The naked slab shall be treated with cement slurry with non-shrink material to avoid seepage of
water below through shrinkage cracks, if any.
5) If any inlays according to layout as given by architects to be done, then the cutting should be done
accordingly.
6) Dry sand shall be laid to correct level as per thiyya (level pads) (thiyya (level pads) pads) taken and
over this cut granite pieces shall be laid at one edge of room all along room length. Edges of all
granite pieces should be in exact line. Even slight deviation from straightness from any of the pieces
shall be removed with the help of round wheel cutter.
7) Next lot of granite pieces shall then be laid in a row adjacent to already laid pieces and deviation
from straightness in pieces removed as earlier. In this way laying of all granite pieces within the room
shall be completed. All granite pieces shall be numbered at the back as per laying pattern. Due to
variation amongst granite lot, it is desirable to have granite in any one room from the same lot as far
as possible. This can be done only at the time of cutting and suitability marked.
8) All granite pieces as well as sand shall then be removed. Cement mortar bed is laid as in case of
tiles and granite pieces are laid as per numbering done on the back.
9) Granite tiles shall be laid by applying adhesives on its edges and tamped in a similar way as that
for tiles. Joints shall not be visible after fixing.
10) Granite slabs do not require polishing.

Polishing of Natural Stone Flooring

1) Polishing of natural stone floor shall start after 15 days of laying. Just prior to polishing, room shall
be washed clean.
2) First polishing shall be done using 0 No. grinding stone. During first polishing unevenness in
adjacent tiles shall be removed. Italian marble flooring shall be applied with matching colour grout
before polishing work begins.
3) Second polishing shall be done using grinding stone numbers 1 to 6 successively. Italian marble
flooring shall be applied with matching colour grout before work begins.
4) Third polishing shall be done using grinding stone numbers 1600 / 1800.
5) Polishing area at the edges of room, where polishing machine cannot access shall be done with
the help of drilling machine fixed with grinding stones.

Protection of Natural Stone:

1) Natural stone flooring shall be protected for stains, weathering effect, water and detergent effects
etc.
2) The stain free coating should be done immediately after polishing work is completed.
3) The above mentioned coating should first be applied on sample piece and checked prior to
approval.
4) Vinegar, lemon juice, bleach, ammonia or other general purpose cleaners containing acids should
not be used on marble, limestone etc. Natural stone floors should be frequently mopped for dust
and the floor surfaces should be protected with non-slip mats or area rugs. Specially formulated
cleaners for stone, tile, and grout surfaces are necessary and recommended to avoid causing damage
or etching.

Procedures for Wall Tiling for Kitchen and Toilet

a) Pre Tiling Procedures (Wall tiling/Dado)
1) Latest Architectural Drawing shall be made available on site.
2) Finished plaster surface shall be checked for right angles and diagonal shall be corrected for the
same, if not found satisfactory.
3) It shall be ensured that chases in masonry made for concealed piping are properly rendered with
application of chicken mesh, non-shrink mortar and cured. It must be ensured that electrical boxes
are fixed in position. All rendering works as well as minor repair works using mortar shall be cured
using curing compounds or as directed by Quality Department.
4) Wall tile thiyya (level pads)s shall be taken before fixing of plumbing pipe outlets and wall tiling
layout shall be clearly marked on the plastered surface with clear cut marking of starting point.
5) Nominal mix proportions for mortar tile fixing shall be decided by Quality Department.
6) Tiles (Ceramic and Glazed) shall be soaked by completely immersing tiles in water for about 3 Hrs.
and then drained for a minimum period of 30 minutes prior to their fixing.
7) If tiles are to be fixed up to ceiling thiyya (level pads), ceiling thiyya (level pads) shall be checked
for perfect horizontal thiyya (level pads) and necessary rectification shall be carried out to achieve
the same, if required.
8) The wall on which maximum plumbing work is done shall be chosen first for fixing of wall tiles.
9) Plastered wall surface shall be wetted thoroughly 12 hours prior to time chosen for fixing wall tiles.
b) During Tiling Procedures (Wall tiling / Dado)
1) It shall be ensured that quality of tiles checked from QA Department. Also proper sorting of tiles
shall be done to have uniformity in colour and shade. Starting point for each wall shall be followed
strictly as per drawing.
2) Ensure mix proportions from QA Department to form mortar of suitable consistency.
3) Use of Liquid Tile Adhesive is recommended while making mortar.
4) Mortar, thus prepared, shall be used before initial setting time of cement or cement fly ash mix.
5) Use of neat cement paste for fixing tiles shall be avoided.
6) Circular holes of required size shall be made on tiles at appropriate positions as determined from
markings on wall. Holes shall be made from back of tiles with the help of cutter machine.
7) Mortar shall be applied to back of each tile (8-10 mm thk coat of mortar) before fixing in position
and then tamped with rubber mallet to remove hollowness behind. Thickness of compacted mortar
bed shall not exceed 8mm.
8) For dado works in toilets, walls shall be marked with tile fixing layout with correct sizes of tiles to
be fixed. Tiles shall be fixed from bottom second layer (full tile) to top leaving bottom most layer of
tile. Each tile shall be fixed in plumb with tile thiyya (level pads) piece using plumb bob. Also line dori
shall be stretched between two corner tile thiyya (level pads) pieces and all tiles shall be fixed in
plumb with line dori. Bottom most layer shall be laid after fixing floor tiles. Bottom most tiles shall be
cut to correct slope of floor laid, before fixing. Care shall be taken so that top edge of bottom most
tiles thus fixed is perfectly horizontal. It should be ensured that bottom support should be removed 2
hrs. after completion of wall tiling work.
9) Fixing of wall tiles in other areas including passage (where no slope is given to floor) shall be done
after floor tiles are laid and sequence shall be from bottom to top.
10) Cement slurry shall be poured within the gap between tiles and plaster after every two courses
of tile laying. This is to ensure that there are no voids left behind the tiles fixed.
11) Cleaning of the tile surface should be done immediately after completion of laying of tiles.
12) For other precautions to be taken, refer section of floor tiles. For kitchen flooring, slope should
be provided towards Nahani trap and waterproofing should be completed to sunk portion of nahani
trap and after completion of curing period flooring should be laid. The other procedure of kitchen
flooring is same as regular flooring.
c) Post Tiling Procedures (Wall Tiling / Dado)
1) Next day joints of tiles shall be raked little with thin metal sheet and filled with grout of matching
shade and cured for at least 3 days.
2) It is recommended to keep one floor tile box (as spare) for each flat for initial maintenance / repair
before possession and for subsequent handing over of remaining tiles to occupant.

Kitchen Platform
1) Natural stones like Kadappa, Granite etc. as well as other natural stones shall be checked. Kitchen
platform base can be RCC slab as recommended by Architect, in case vertical supports are not
provided.
2) Kadappa /Granite shall be cut at site after measuring correct distance as per actual line out in
kitchen.
3) Minimum 20-25 mm deep recess shall be made in walls up to the desired height and of width
sufficient to accommodate vertical supports. Thickness and material (Kadappa /Granite etc.) shall be
as per specification. Also clear distance between supports shall be as per latest Architectural
drawings with due care being taken for adequate leg space. Minimum 4” toe space shall be provided.
In any condition, chipping for RCC surface should be prohibited.
4) Front faces of vertical supports shall absolutely plain. Face showing chipped off surface shall be
embedded in the wall keeping visible surface clean and well polished.
5) Vertical supports after erecting on slab (or PCC in case of Ground floor) shall be kept in position by
applying chamfered mortar bed over slab at bottom. Use of bricks to hold vertical supports
temporarily in correct position shall not be resorted to.
6) Vertical supports shall be double polished unless specification doesn’t make provision for the
same.
7) As standard procedure 20 mm recess shall be made in walls to serve as bearing for horizontal
Kadappa platform. Top of platform shall then be applied with mortar bed and trowelled smooth to
form a levelled horizontal surface. In any condition, chipping for RCC surface should be prohibited.
8) Over this Granite platform shall be placed with a bearing of 20 mm in walls. Granite platform shall
be in one piece and preferably be fixed in perfect horizontal level. In case, slope is recommended by
Architect, platform shall be fixed as per slope recommended by Architect.
9) Care shall be taken to see to it that top of Kitchen Platform is at a desired height above Finished
Floor Level as per architectural drawing.
10) Steel sink shall be fixed over kadappa box with cement mortar (1:10 or 1:12) packing from all
sides so that there is no sound of tap water. Steel sink with rubber coating at bottom back side
(special type) can be without kadappa box. Special cut outs for embedded built in gas hobs shall be
made if specified on drawing.
11) Entire assembly of Kitchen Platform including sink shall be erected in place before floor tiling and
wall tiling.
12) Joints in natural stonework shall be kept minimum .Grout filler of matching colour shall be used
for joints in marble as well as granite. All joints shall be kept hair thin and shall be kept on vertical
supports.
13) Facia patti shall be applied with epoxy or equivalent along with sand and provided with coins /
metal washers half fixed into it at about 300 c/c. While fixing, facia patti shall be pressed tight against
horizontal granite platform (in which recesses are made) so that washers get firmly embedded in
recesses. Care shall be taken while fixing facia patti so that it is perfectly horizontal.
14) All projecting portions shall be rounded / chamfered as per architectural drawing.
15) Joints between kitchen platform and sink as well otta and tiles shall be filled with transparent /
matching shade sealants and checked for water tightness.
16) Hole in wall shall be made for inserting gas pipe and hole shall be provided with PVC pipe /
flexible pipe piece.
17) It is recommended to do wall tiling below kitchen platform also. And before that, position of the
gas detectors should be ensured.

Natural Stone Frames for Openings:

1) Plastered surfaces over which stone frames are to be fixed shall be roughened properly.
2) Openings shall be finished to correct dimensions as regards line level, plumb and diagonals.
3) Epoxy and marble chips shall be applied evenly to the backside of stone frames, on the day prior
to fixing of frames. Bottom members shall be anchored at least 5mm inside walls at both ends.
4) The entire surface of stone piece from back should be roughened with application of epoxy
chemical and marble chips / sand is sprayed on it one day prior to application.
4) Frame members shall then be fixed over roughened plaster surface with 8mm thk with mortar mix
proportions as approved by QA Department or preferably rich cement sand (1:2) mortar backing.
5) Vertical and horizontal frame members shall be joined in such a way, so as to keep joint thickness
hairline. 45º joint is preferred.
6) For joints in marble white cement shall be used and for joints in granite grey cement shall be used.
7) Window frames shall be fixed only after completion of plaster.
8) Projecting edges of natural stones shall be either rounded or chamfered as per architectural
drawing.
Natural / Artificial Stone & minimum required thickness with its purpose.
Material Used Minimum Thickness Required Purpose
Kadappa 35 mm Kitchen platform Vertical
25 mm Kitchen platform Horizontal
20 mm Cupboards / Steps
Kota 20 mm Flooring / Dado / Steps
Marble 14 mm to 16 mm Flooring / Dado / Steps, Door /
window frame, Cupboards
Granite 16 mm to 18 mm Flooring / Dado / Steps, Door /
window frame, Cupboards
Italian Marble As per Architect Approval Flooring / Dado / Steps
Artificial Stone As per Architect Approval Flooring / Dado / Steps

 Finished Product Acceptance

OPENINGS FOR DOORS / WINDOWS

Type of Check Acceptance

Frame fixing In perfect line, level and plumb
Exposed edges of frames Properly rounded / chamfered
Rebates/holes in frames As specified on drawings
Joints in frame members Shall not be allowed unless length is excessive
Colour shade of gap filling As specified

Floor Tiling and Skirting

Type of Check Acceptance
Bends in tile surface Not accepted
Defects in uniformity of joints Not accepted
Level difference in joints Not accepted
Defects in straight line of joints Not accepted
Variation in tile sizes at wall ends Not accepted
Variation in right angle of skirting with floor tiles Not accepted
Variation in right angle at corners of skirting Not accepted
Variation in top level of skirting Not accepted
Defects in grooves at top of skirting Not accepted
Difference in floor level of individual room Not accepted
Floor tile joints not matching with skirting joints Not accepted
Offsets provided in floor levels of toilets and
As specified on drawing
terraces
Joint filling of floor tiles as well as skirting Satisfactory
Tiles sounding hollow Not accepted
Butt filling for skirting Satisfactory
Colour shade of gap filling As specified

WALL TILING FOR KITCHEN AND TOILET

Type of Check Acceptance
Bends in tile surface Not accepted
Variation in Joint Thickness Not accepted
Variation in plumb of finished wall tile surface Not accepted
Level difference at joints Not accepted
Colour shade of gap filling As specified
Additional checks for Toilet dado
Undulations in the top level of tiles for dado in
Not accepted
toilet
Defects in straight line of joints Not accepted
Finishing of cut-outs Satisfactory
Variation in right angle of walls Not accepted
Quality of joint filling Satisfactory

KITCHEN PLATFORM
Type of Check Acceptance
Facia patti In perfect horizontal level
Platform top In perfect horizontal level unless specified
otherwise by Architect
Exposed edges of platform Properly rounded / chamfered
Kitchen sink Bottom and surrounding portion packed with
mortar
Colour shade of gap filling As specified