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What is this?
What is this?

RAID Disk
RAID

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks:

• Basic idea is to connect multiple disks together to provide
• large storage capacity
• faster access to reading data
• make important data redundant
• There are different levels of RAID systems with differing levels of
redundancy, error checking, capacity, and cost
What is this?
What is this?

Oil Silo
Oil
But why show this to us?
Data is the new Oil
- Someone
Data Silos
Data Silos:
• Stand-alone ‘data stores’ that are not accessible by other
information systems (which really need data). Also these data
stores cannot consistently be updated.
• Exist from a lack of IT architecture, only support single functions,
and do not support cross-functional needs.
Think over it.
What can be a possible solution?
What is this?
Citadel – World’s largest Data Center
Citadel – World’s largest Data Center
Data Center

Data Centers:
• Large numbers of network servers used for storage, processing,
management, distribution, and archiving of data, systems, Web traffic,
services, and enterprise applications.
• A data center is a facility that houses many networked computers that
can be used for numerous applications like running websites, maintaining
emails, tracking bank account depos-its/withdrawals and more.
• Data centers provide physically secure facilities to house clients’
equipment, provide power to run that equipment, and internet to
connect the equipment online.
Data Center
Data Centers:
• Large numbers of network servers used for storage, processing,
management, distribution, and archiving of data, systems, Web traffic,
services, and enterprise applications.
• A data center is a facility that houses many networked computers that
can be used for numerous applications like running websites, maintaining
emails, tracking bank account depos-its/withdrawals and more.
• Data centers provide physically secure facilities to house clients’
equipment, provide power to run that equipment, and internet to
connect the equipment online.
Data Center Tiers

Traits
Deep Dive.
Cloud
What is “The Cloud”?
• A general term for infrastructure that uses the Internet and
private networks to access, share, and deliver computing
resources.
• Scalable delivery as a service to end-users over a network.
Essential Characteristics of Cloud
Services Description

On-Demand Self-Service Resources are instantly available when needed

Access anytime or anywhere a connection to the

Broad Network Access
Internet exists
Data center resources are pooled together
Resource Pooling
optimizing quality of service
The ability to add or remove computing
Rapid Elasticity
resources based on need
The ability to measure resource usage and
Measured Service
charge customers
Service Level Agreement
• A negotiated agreement between a company and service
provider that can be a legally binding contract or an informal
contract.
• The goal is not building the best SLA terms, but getting the SLA
terms that are most meaningful to the business.
Cloud Deployment Models
Another View of Deployment Models
Cloud Service Models

Service Description
Data center resources: computer, network, and storage
IaaS
resources
Platform resources: databases, web services, and other
PaaS
middleware applications
SaaS Software resources: customer applications
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Service Models – Control POV
On Premise IaaS PaaS SaaS
Special Cloud Services - PLaaS

CPUs are part of the IaaS service, and more CPUs can be requested
to service an application. When multiple groups of instructions are
processed at the same time rather than sequentially, this is called
parallelism as a service(PLaaS).
Special Cloud Services - CaaS

Caching is a process of reading blocks of data and storing it in main

memory for future processing, and holding the results in main
memory for later writing to auxiliary storage. Caching speeds overall
processing time. Caching be defined as a service and it is called
cache as a service (CaaS).
Special Cloud Services - DBaaS

Databases by their nature grow and increasingly consume more of

an organization’s hosting resources. Using DBaaS in a cloud DC
allows for fast provisioning to handle the unexpected growth with
better manageability and optimization of computing resources.
DBaaS enables multiple applications to access to an integrated
database and enhanced search functionality.
Virtualization

• Virtualization is created by a software layer

(virtualization layer) containing its own
operating system and applications as a physical
computer.
• Cloud requires on demand storage virtualization,
network virtualization, and hardware virtualization.
• Software or virtualization layer creates virtual
machines (VMs) where the CPU, RAM, HD, NIC, and
other components behave as hardware, but are
created with software.
Observe Closely
Benefits of virtualization
• Memory-intensive
• Huge amounts of RAM due to massive processing
requirements
• Energy-efficient
• Up to 95% reduction in energy use per server through less
physical hardware
• Scalability and load balancing
• Handles dynamic demand requests like during the Super
Bowl or World Series
Cloud Data Center Business
Amazon EC2
• Amazon EC2 is one large complex web service.
• EC2 provided an API for instantiating computing instances with any of
the operating systems supported.
• It can facilitate computations through Amazon Machine Images
(AMIs) for various other models.
• Signature features: S3, Cloud Management Console, MapReduce
Cloud, Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
• Excellent distribution, load balancing, cloud monitoring tools
Who has the Edge?

Edge computing is a method of

optimizing cloud computing systems "by
taking the control of computing
applications, data, and services away
from some central nodes (the "core") to
the other logical extreme (the "edge") of
the Internet" which makes contact with
the physical world
Where is edge used?

Scenarios in which edge will dominate

include a need for low latency (speed is of
the essence) or where there are bandwidth
constraints (locations such as a mine or an
offshore oil platform that make it neither
practical or affordable, and in some cases
impossible, to send all data from machines
to the cloud). It will also be important when
Internet or cellular connections are spotty.
Fog Computing
Fog networks, or fogging, is a decentralized computing infrastructure in which
data, compute, storage, and applications are distributed in the most logical,
efficient place between the data source and the cloud. But whereas fog networks
focus on edge devices that speak to each other, such as IoT gateways, the edge is
focused on the devices and technology that are actually attached to the ‘thing’,
such as industrial machines.
Fog Computing
This will make things clear.
Who is this?
Who is this?

First commercial call using a mobile phone was made on

April 3, 1973, by a Motorola researcher Martin Cooper from
New York to Bell Labs New Jersey
The Computing Evolution

More
Flexible Mobile Computing
Resource
Usage LANs + WorkStations

Networking

Timesharing

Batch

Single User
OS

Freedom from Collocation

Mobile Computing – What is it?
• Mobile computing describes technologies that enable people to access
network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere using portable and
wireless computing and communication devices. Aspects of mobility
• User mobility
• Between different geographical locations, different networks, different
communication devices & different applications
• Device portability
• Between different geographical locations & different networks
Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing

• Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp, or sometimes ubiqcomp) integrates

computation into the environment, rather than having computers
which are distinct objects. Another term for ubiquitous computing is
pervasive computing. Promoters of this idea hope that embedding
computation into the environment would enable people to move
around and interact with computers more naturally than they currently
do.
Challenges with going Mobile
• Hardware - Lighter, smaller, energy management, user interface
• Low bandwidth, high bandwidth variability
• Security risk - Devices more vulnerable, endpoint authentication harder
• Heterogeneous network - Different devices, interfaces and protocols
• Location awareness - Locality adaptation
• Higher loss-rates, higher delays, more jitter - Connection setup time, hand-off
Integrated Mobile Computing
Integration of heterogeneous fixed and
mobile networks with varying
transmission characteristics

regional

vertical
handover
metropolitan area

campus-based horizontal
handover
in-car,
in-house,
personal area
Going Super?
5G – What is it?
• It's the next - fifth-generation of mobile internet connectivity promising
much faster data download and upload speeds, wider coverage and
more stable connections.
• It's all about making better use of the radio spectrum and enabling far
more devices to access the mobile internet at the same time.
5G – How does it work?
• There are a number of new technologies likely to be applied - but
standards haven't been hammered out yet for all 5G protocols.
Higher-frequency bands - 3.5GHz (gigahertz) to 26GHz and beyond -
have a lot of capacity but their shorter wavelengths mean their
range is lower - they're more easily blocked by physical objects.
• So we may see clusters of smaller phone masts closer to the ground
transmitting so-called "millimetre waves" between much higher
numbers of transmitters and receivers. This will enable higher
density of usage. But it's expensive and telecoms companies are not
wholly committed yet.
5G – How fast could it be?
• The fastest current 4G mobile networks offer about 45Mbps
(megabits per second) on average, although the industry is still
hopeful of achieving 1Gbps (gigabit per second = 1,000Mbps).
Chipmaker Qualcomm reckons 5G could achieve browsing and
download speeds about 10 to 20 times faster in real-world (as
opposed to laboratory) conditions.
• Imagine being able to download a high-definition film in a minute or
so. This is for 5G networks built alongside existing 4G LTE networks.
Standalone 5G networks, on the other hand, operating within very
high frequencies (30GHz say) could easily achieve gigabit-plus
browsing speeds as standard. But these aren't likely to come in until
a few years later
What is this?
What is this?

QPM56xx and the QTM052, a pair of 5G antenna modules

IPV6
IPV6 – What it really means
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