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Beam Design For Tortion PDF
Beam Design For Tortion PDF
Lecture no. 6:
SHEAR AND TORSION
II. Torsion
SV
τ=
bI x
S: static moment V:shear force
σ1 = σ 2 = τ
strength rates: fct,d=0,1 unit fcd=1 unit τd≈0,15 unit
consequence: tension failure occurs first: cracking
parallel to σ2
Approximate shear resistance of the concrete section:
VRd , c = cbwdf ct , d c tabulated in DA
z z
VRd , s = , s = (sin α + cos α )
b
Asw f ywd VRd Asw,b f ywd
s sb
z
for α=45º: b
VRd ,s = 2 Asw,b f ywd
sb
Reinforced Concrete 2012 lecture 6/8
4. The maximum shear capacity limited by the compression
strength of the concrete
VRd , max
VRd = min VRd , c ≥ VEd
max b
VRd , s = VRd
l
,s + V
Rd , s
, s ≥ 0,5VEd
l
it is to be respected that: VRd
If VEd ≥ VRd , c
and no bent-up bars are used, set diameter
of vertical links, and calculate the necessary
spacing of links:
0,9dAsw f ywd
ss = VEd
VEd
if bent-up bars are used: Dashed area: shear to be equilibrated
0,9dAsw f ywd
ss = by shear reinforcement
VEd − VRdb
,s
where VEd<VRd,c min. links can be used (see DA)
Different links:
by bent-up bar
ac
Fs ≅ FEd ( + 0,1)
z0
45o ≤ θ ≤ 68o
column
hooked
main bars
ΣM c = 0 : →FEd
Approximation: ≈h/2≈
≈(d/0.85)/2:
1.75 VEd 1 . 15 V Ed 0.9 VEd
0,71
welded transverse
bar within lbd 0,7
1
The reduction is valid only if along the bent portion the concrete cover in direction perpendicular to the plane of
bending is >3φ , transverse compression is acting, and links are used, otherwise αa= 1,0.
Reinforced Concrete 2012 lecture 6/15
11. Parallel shifting of the moment diagr am due to diagonal shear
cracks
Direction of shifting M:
M
shifted M
z = 0,9d no shear reinf.
Extent of shifting: a = 0,5 z = 0,45d shear reinforcement: links
0,25 z = 0,225d
shear reinf.: links+bent-up bars
balcony slab
facade wall
lintel
Section of construction b)
q (kN/m)
h Ac
b
(h and b are measured here between centerlines of links)
T = 2qhb = q 2 Ac
Let us express the shear flow q by capacities of links and longitudinal
bars!
h Asw f ywd
qh = nAsw f ywd =
Asw f ywd → q =
ss ss
The torsional moment capacity due to links by substituting the :
expression obtained for q:
Asw f ywd
TRd , s = 2 Ac
ss
TRd , s
TRd = Min ≤ TRd , max = υf cd Acteff
T
Rd , Asl
A
Here teff=max c ,2a
pc