1.

D
I am going to expose about two pathologies called genu var and genu valgo which are related, I
chose this topic because they are pathologies that we normally see in many people but we do
not usually know their origin or their name, since they usually say open legs or closed legs
among other names.

All people are born with these pathologies, it is normal in terms of morphology and
development, when it is not so we call pathological disorders

GENU VARO
2.D
The genuine form of parenthesis is very common It occurs during the first years of life, and is
considered a normal variant until 2 or 3 years, as long as it is not persistent from that age that is
not accompanied by other abnormalities and that is similar in both legs.

It is the external displacement of the knee, the longitudinal axis of the femur is in abduction and
the tibia in adduction, forming both an open angle to the outside where the separation of the
femoral condyles and an approach of the tibial malleoli are clearly seen. In children the Genu
Varum can be real (structural) or apparent (postural)

The actual bow affects the diaphyses of the tibia femur or both

The apparent bowing is produced by an incorrect alignment of joint positions of the combination
of an internal rotation of the hip, hyperextension of the knee and pronation of the foot. It does
not produce any structural disorder in the long bones.

The most common causes

 Metabolic alterations
 Infections
 Tumors
 Blount disease

affected structures
3. D
There is a compression in the inner part of the knee producing

• Over-application / elongation of the external collateral ligament of the knee.

• Shortening / distension of the internal collateral ligament of the knee

• Great compression and crushing of the inner meniscus of the knee.

Here is the possibility of producing a ligament and meniscus injury

Evaluation according to (Apley)

4.D
Put the patient in the frontal plane and join the feet so that they rub against the internal malleoli,
to measure the distance between the internal face of both condyles. According to Apley, the
Varum is pathological if said distance is greater than 8 cm.
 Or at a radiographic level if angle Q is greater than 12º in men and 15º in women.

GENU VALGO
5.D
The genu valgo form in x or form of scissors occur as a continuation of an excessive correction of
the genu varro. It is observed around 3 years old, but it is corrected spontaneously before 7 and 8
years old. It is normal as long as it is not persistent after that age that is not accompanied by other
abnormalities and that is similar in both legs.

It is the internal displacement of the knee, the longitudinal axis of the femur is in adduction and
the tibia in abduction, both forming an open angle inwards where clearly the separation of the
tibial malleoli and an approach of the femoral condyles is seen.

The most common causes

• Metabolic alterations
• Joint infection
• Fracture of the shin bone (tibia), untreated
• Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or similar joint conditions
• Obesity

Affected structure
6.D
There is a compression in the external area of the knee producing

• Over-application / elongation of the internal collateral ligament of the knee

• Shortening / distension of the external collateral ligament of the knee

• Great compression and crushing of the external meniscus of the knee.

Here is also the possibility of producing a ligament and meniscus injury

evaluation according to (Morley )

7.D
Place the patient in the frontal plane and measure the distance between the internal malleoli.
Three degrees were specified in Genu Valgum:

Grade I intermaleolar distance less than 2.5 cm.

Grade II between 2.5 to 7.5 cm.

Grade III between 7.5 cm and greater distances.