Design and Development of Interactive Webportal

for cervical cancer Diagnosis using MobileODT

Images
Jennyfer susan M B
Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women
Coimbatore, India
Jennyfersusan26@gmail.com

Abstract—Cervical cancer remains one of the major public
health issues in India. Lacks of awareness, ignorance, and
unwillingness to participate in clinical test are identified as the
major cause for the high growth rate of cervical cancer. In
point of view it is understood that cervical cancer is curable at
its early stage. The screening programs in women are simple
through MobileODT diagnosis approach. It can be achieved
through creating awareness in women both rural and urban
area which help them to processed for further treatment.
Therefore a significant effort is proposed for creating
awareness and to develop a web model for supporting women
in preventing and saving them from cervical cancer. A web
portal is developed where the patient and doctors will be
provided authentication access. It consists of Patient clinical
summary and Doctors Evaluation in which the original cervix
screened image through MobileODT and the result obtained
and examined will be displayed. In the denonising process
proposed image analysis model, filter like average filter and
median filter are applied for denonising process. This helps the
doctors to analyse the screened image effectively in the final
analysis. Patient Clinical summary will consist of the patient
demographic report and Physician advice for the screened
image that helps the doctors and patient to interact with each
other and bring out the significance of cervical cancer and also
help to take effective treatment for cervical cancer at the initial
stage itself.
Keywords—Cervical cancer, MobileODT, Denoising, Web portal,
Image analysis
countries of about 1, 90,000 women each year [1]. It is
estimated that generally in developed countries 40% to 50%
women takes up the cervical cancer screening test while
compared to developing countries where only 5% of women
are participated in screening programmes [1]. In India the
prevalence of cervical cancer is very high in which every
year 1, 20,000 women are affected by this disease i.e.,
15.2% of total death due to cervical cancer in India [1]. The
main cause of cervical cancer in India is high because of the
lack of effective screening programs. The peoples in rural
area are more commonly affected by this cancer due to
ignorance and lack of awareness about the cervical cancer.
The traditional method for cervical cancer diagnosis is pap
smears test. It is inaccessible, people fear; poverty, lack of
awareness and unwillingness to take clinic trials so that
cervical cancer is high in rural area. For screening cervical
cancer an alternative simple effective method had been
introduced using MobileODT. MobileODT is capable to
capture high quality image and video of cervix with EVA's
16x optical magnification. It is auto-focus capabilities, mark
biopsy locations, an online portal for collaboration and
image annotation [2]. MobileODT is portable, cost effective
and highly efficient method. Due to its mobility, rural
women can get screened by organising various screening
programs. This helps the rural women to know the
awareness of cervical cancer.

I. INDRODUCTION

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer

that affects women in the worldwide. Cervical cancer is
caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and can
be prevented by taking up Human Papillomavirus infection
vaccine and screening program regularly. Cervical cancer
can be curable if it is identifies at an early stage. The
prevalence of cervical cancer is significantly high in
developing countries which are around 80% of the total
population [1]. The statistical report states that cervical
Fig. 1. MobileODT kit Fig. 2. Parts of MobileODT kit
cancer is the leading cause of the death in developing
 Fig. 1. Mobile ODT consists of smartphone, led
lighting to visualise the cervix clearly and consist of lens to
focus on the cervix. There are two types to adjust the lens of
camera. The first focus is the distance between the patient
and MobileODT should be 22.5-42.5 cm / 9-16.5 inch. The
second focus is the Manual focus which is at the tip of lens
to adjust the focus based on cervix position. The
MobileODT connected to standard Bluetooth foot pedal. It
helps the physician to do examination without touching the
smartphone screen to reduce vibration that will lead to
motion blur and compromised image quality [3].
Further in this paper discussed about the literature
study on MobileODT and proposed two methods in it. The
main objective of the paper is designing a web portal using
an open source technology to create an interaction with the
patient and physician. Another proposed method is to create
a visual enhancement of cervix image for clinical
investigation.
II. LITERATURE STUDY
Various research works are carried out in cervix
cancer and in this section focused on MobileODT literature
study. There are various cervical cancer screening program
through organised all over the world.
Cervical cancer screening camp was conducted in
China which was co-sponsored by United Charity for China
Health and Gynaecologic Cancer Research Foundation in
July 2018. It was conducted at villages in the mountainous
Kunming Region of Yunnan Province. In this program
nearly 3886 women attended cervical cancer screening
through MobileODT. More than 40 women received on site
treatment for precancerous lesions and 3 patients are found
to have the cervical cancer in advanced stage [4]. Fig: 3
shows the cervical cancer screening camp conducted in
China.
Fig. 3. Cervical cancer screening program organised in
China
To promote the importance and awareness among
women about cervical cancer, the Kenyan Ministry of
Health joining hands with non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and private sector companies, organized a cervical
cancer screening camp as part of the SCCA conference. It
was conducted on July 2015 as “Stop Cervical, Breast and
Prostate Cancer in Africa” at Nairobi. There are
approximately 824 patients were screened in this camp and
get benefited [5].
Fig. 4. Cervical cancer camp organised in Kenya
Marking International Women's Day, the
Foundation sponsored several Breast & Cervical Cancer
Screening & Awareness Camps organized by the Tata
Memorial Hospital's. The health camps were conducted by a
team of under the guidance and supervision of Dr. Gauravi
Mishra of the Tata Memorial Hospital. Devieka Bhojwani -
Vice President, Women's Cancer Initiative - Tata Memorial
Hospital. In this cervical screening camp 1430 were given
the cervical cancer awareness and screening test and from
them 463 women were affected by cervical cancer. They are
called up for further treatment of cervical cancer [6].
Fig. 5. cervical cancer camp organised in Mumbai
Fig: 6 Awareness lecture and screening camp on cancer cervix and breast
cancer
On 2nd September 2018, cervical screening camp
was organised under ISCCP and Sai Vilayatrai Sai Jivatsing
Sai Visandas Charitable trust by Dr Gajaria Rajni. In this
cervical and breast screening was done. In this camp 54
womens were given the screening test and from this 11
women were given the screening test for cervical cancer. In
this camp Awareness lecture on cancer cervix and breast
were also taken [7]. Fig. 6. Show the awareness lecture and
screening camp.

On December 23, 2018, screening camp was

conducted in Maharashtra, India. 150 patients were screened
using Mobile colposcopies and 23 patients were called back
for biopsy. Use of the mobile colposcopies in the screening
camp allowed for improved workflow and documentation,
and the experience was more positive than VIA for both
patients and providers.
Cervical cancer is the most common among kenyan
women between 15 and 44 years of age in Kenya. Dr.
Muthoni Ritho organised a medical screening camp for
cervical cancer at Mount Kenya University from July 29th –
August 2, 2018.
Fig. 9. Loin page for doctor and patient
In Fig: 8 Home page contain the Sign in button
which consist of authentication form for the patient and
doctors where the patient can get their patient clinical
summary and doctor can access their doctor evaluation
form. Fig: 9 represent the authentication form Fig 10 Doctor
Evaluation form contain the patientID and screened original
image where the doctor can view and analyse the cervix
image of the patient. In Fig 11 Patient clinical summary
form contains the demographics information of patients and
the Physician recommendation where the doctors give the
suggestion to take pap smear test and biopsy test.

Fig. 7. cervical cancers at Mount Kenya University

III. PROPOSED METHODS

The contribution of this proposed work are carried out Fig. 8. Home page of web portal

in two perspective Visual Enhancement of cervix image for

diagnosis and developed a web portal for accessing clinical
summary using open source technologies.

A. Web portal for the doctors and Patient interaction

A web portal is designed and developed using open

source technology with PHP as front end and My SQL as
back end. As a pilot study doctor’s evaluation form, patient
clinical summary form and an authentication form are Fig. 10. Doctor Evaluation form

developed for the patient and doctors. In this portal cervix

images are captured through MobileODT and are uploaded
in the web portal to access the cervical image in doctor’s
evaluation form. Doctors can analyse the image and give
medical suggestion to take pap smear test and biopsy.
These medical suggestions are given my doctors in Patient
clinical summary. The proposed web portal act as an
intermediate platform that connects rural women to access
their clinical summary.
Fig.11. Patient Clinical summary form
 This web portal provide the promising solution as it is
affordable, user friendly, open source technology and easily
accessible to the user. This web portal will help for the rural
women to get more awareness about cervical cancer.

B. Filtering methods on the MobileODT Images

Filtering methods like Median and average filter are
applied to improve the quality of the image for further
analysis. Cervix MobileODT images are collected from the
Kaggle data set for the image experimental study. In Fig. 12.
MobileODT image applied the Median and Average filter.
i) Median Filter
The Median Filter is a non-linear digital filtering
technique, used to remove noise from an image and
preserves edges while removing noise. Median filters are
quite popular because, for certain types of random noise
they provide excellent noise reduction capabilities, with
considerably less blurring than linear smoothing filters of
similar size. [9]
Reference:
( ) * ( )+ ( ) (1)
ii) Mean Filter
Mean filtering is a simple, intuitive and easy to
implement method of smoothing images, i.e. reducing the
amount of intensity variation between one pixel and the
next. It is often used to reduce noise in images. Let Sxy
represents the set of coordinates in a rectangular sub image
window of size m × n cantered at point (x,y). The arithmetic
mean filtering process computes the average value of the
corrupted image g(x, y) in the area defined by Sxy. This
operation can be implemented using a convolution mask in
which all coefficients have value 1/mn. A mean filter simply
smoothes local variations in an image. Noise is reduced as a
result of blurring.[8] The value of the restored image f at
any point (x,y) is simply the arithmetic mean computed
using the pixels in the region defined by Sxy .In other
words,
( ) ∑( ) ( ) ( ) (2)
Fig.12. Orginal Image Average filter Median filter
Conclusion and Further work
In this paper, web portal is developed which help
the rural women to take up the cervical cancer screening
test and advantage of MobileODT device for diagnosis are
described and the screened report determines the patient
have to take further treatment of not. Median and average
filter techniques are applied to enhance the visual quality of
cervix image for analysis. The experimentation is conducted
with real time cervix image and the obtained results
demonstrate its effectiveness.
[1] https://www.mobileodt.com/eva-system/
[2] https://portal.mobileodt.com/Help/EVA-
Hardware-Guide
[3] https://www.mobileodt.com/blog/cervical-
cancer- screening-in-china-largest-ever-self-swab hpv-
study/
[4] https://www.mobileodt.com/news/a-superb-tool-
for-the-mount-kenya-university-screening-
camp/?doing_wp_cron=1560415502.2320530414581
298828125
[5] https://www.wci.co.in/Health.html
[6]https://isccp.in/clinical-breast-examination-and-
cervical-screening-camp-2-september-2018/
[7]http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e161/lectures/smooth
_sharpen/node2.html
[8]https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb0e/bd10eabfaef4
30aea4c2b7052bc9fcc18987.pdf