Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

CHAPTER 7: DATA LINK CONTROL PROTOCOLS

TRUE OR FALSE

T F 1. Synchronization and interfacing techniques are sufficient by

themselves.

T F 2. The receiver must be able to distinguish control information from

the data being transmitted.

T F 3. It is necessary to impose a layer of control in each communicating

device that provides functions such as flow control, error
detection, and error control.

T F 4. Error control enables a receiver to regulate the flow of data so that

the receiver’s buffers do not overflow.

T F 5. DLHC is a widely used data link control.

T F 6. The beginning and end of each frame must be recognizable for

effective communication between two directly connected
transmitting-receiving stations.

T F 7. The sending station must not send frames at a rate faster than the
receiving stations can absorb them.

T F 8. It is usually desirable to have a physically separate

communications path for control information.

T F 9. The initiation, maintenance, and termination of a sustained data

exchange require management procedures for the exchange.

T F 10. Transmission time is not proportional to the length of the frame.

T F 11. In situations where the bit length of the link is greater than the
frame length, serious inefficiencies result.

T F 12. Only one frame may be in the pipe at a time with sliding-window
flow control.

T F 13. The effect of ARQ is to turn an unreliable data link into a reliable
one.
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

T F 14. Selective reject is a useful choice for a satellite link because of the
long propagation delay involved.

T F 15. HDLC uses asynchronous transmission.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ________ enables a receiver to regulate the flow of data from a sender so that
the receiver's buffers do not overflow.

A) Flow control B) Link control

C) Data control D) Error control

2. In a data link control protocol, ________ control is achieved by retransmission

of damaged frames.

A) DLHC B) data

C) error D) flow

3. The ________ time is the time it takes for a bit to traverse the link between
source and destination.

A) relay B) flow

C) transmission D) propagation

4. The transmission medium between systems is referred to as a ________ when a

data link control protocol is used.

A) data link B) flow link

C) transmission link D) control link

5. Data are sent in blocks called ________.

A) links B) units

C) entities D) frames
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

6. The time it takes for a station to emit all of the bits of a frame onto the
medium is the ________ time.

A) link B) relay

C) propagation D) transmission

7. The flow control in which the destination can stop the flow of data simply by
withholding acknowledgment of the receipt of a frame is ________ flow control

A) data B) stop-and-wait

C) frame acknowledgment D) ARQ

8. With ________ flow control the transmission link is treated as a pipeline that
may be filled with frames in transit.

A) linking B) sliding-window

C) ARQ D) stop-and-wait

9. Each ________ includes a field that holds the sequence number of that frame
plus a field that holds the sequence number used for acknowledgment.

A) SAF B) window

C) data frame D) relay frame

10. RR and RNR are examples of an ________.

A) error repair request B) acknowledgment frame

C) open acknowledgment frame D) interior window

11. The form of error control based on sliding-window flow control that is most
commonly used is:

A) ACK-ARQ B) selective-reject ARQ

Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

C) go-back-N ARQ D) piggybacking

12. In the high level data link control frame structure the flag, address, and
control fields that precede the information field are known as a ________.

A) header B) trailer

C) FAC D) ARQ

13. In the HDLC frame structure the FCS and flag fields following the data field
are referred to as a ________.

A) header B) trailer

C) bit stuffing D) information frames

14. The flag field pattern is ________.

A) 01111110 B) 01111010

C) 00111110 D) 01111101

15. _______ provide the ARQ mechanism in HDLC when piggybacking is not used.

A) I-frames B) R-frames

C) U-frames D) S-frames

SHORT ANSWER

1. The layer of control that provides error detection and error and flow control is
known as a ________ protocol.

2. ________ control is achieved by retransmission of damaged frames that have not

been acknowledged or for which the other side requests a retransmission.

3. Containing virtually all of the features found in other data link control protocols,
________ is a widely used data link control protocol.

4. A layer of logic is added above the physical layer to achieve necessary control.
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

This logic is referred to as a ________ protocol.

5. A technique for assuring that a transmitting entity does not overwhelm a
receiving entity with data is ________.

6. The form of flow control where a source entity transmits a frame and must wait
until it receives an acknowledgment back from the destination entity before
sending the next frame is ________ flow control.

7. The form of flow control where A and B are connected via a full-duplex link and A
maintains a list of sequence numbers that it is allowed to send without receiving
any acknowledgment and B maintains a list of sequence numbers that it is
prepared to receive is ________ flow control.

8. Most data link control protocols allow a station to cut off the flow of frames from
the other side by sending a ________ message, which acknowledges former frames
but forbids transfer of future frames.

9. If two stations exchange data each needs to maintain two windows, one for
transmit and one for receive, and each side needs to send the data and
acknowledgments to the other. To provide efficient support for this requirement
a feature known as ________ is typically provided.

10. ________ control refers to mechanisms that detect and correct errors that occur in
the transmission of frames.

11. With ________ ARQ the only frames retransmitted are those that receive a negative
acknowledgment or those that time out.

12. The most important data link control protocol is ________.

13. Since there is no assurance that the flag field pattern will not appear somewhere
inside the frame, a procedure known as ________ is used to prevent destroying
synchronization.

14. High level data link control defines three types of frames, each with a different
control field format. They are: information frames, unnumbered frames, and
________.

15. An error detecting code calculated from the remaining bits of the frame,
exclusive of flags, is the ________.