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COMPREHENSIVE

CORRECTIONALADMINISTRATION

(Institutional Corrections)

BASIC CONCEPTS
PENOLOGY – study of punishment of crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention of crime through
punishment of criminal offenders.
- The term derived from the Latin word “poena” which means pain or suffering.
- Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science.
(Classical Doctrine Influence)
CORRECTION – a branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
(Positivist doctrine influence)
16th Century – Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. At the end of the 16th century Russia and other European
countries followed this system.
GALLEYS- long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals.
GALLOWS – wooden box by hanging for death penalty execution
HULKS - decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners
DUNGEON- Hole pit

prisoners in the 18th and 19th century- abandoned warships converted into prisons, also called “floating hells”.
Classical School – the doctrine of psychological hedonism (Bentham) or freewill (Beccaria).
Neo-Classical School – children and lunatics must be free from punishment.
Positivist/Italian School – denied individual responsibility and reflected on positive reactions to crime and criminality.
Code of Hammurabi – oldest code prescribing savage punishment.
**Sumerian Code (older)
Justinian Code – written by Emperor Justinian of Rome in 6th C.A.D.
The Twelve Tables (XII Tabulae) – represented the earliest codification of Roman law incorporated into the Justinian Code.
Code of Draco – a harsh code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves
Burgundian Code – specified punishment according to the social class of offenders.
Code of Kalantiao (Kalantiaw) – promulgated in 1433 by Datu Kalantiao
Maragtas Code – (Datu Sumakwel)
EARLY PRISONS
1. Mamertine Prison – early Roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
2. Bridewell Workhouse – built in 1557 in London for the employment and housing of English prisoners. Vagabonds or
prostitute
3. Wallnut Street Jail – first American Penitentiary
1. Cesare Bonesana Marchese de Beccaria (1737-1794) - presented the humanistic goal of law.
2. Jeremy Bentham . He believes that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from
crime, the crime rate would go down.
- the one who devise the ultimate PANOPTICAL PRISON
3. John Howard (1726-1790) - Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform.
Father of Prison Reform
PUNISHMENT - it is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually involve pain and suffering.
ANCIENT FORMS- Banishment or Exile
JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT
1. Retribution
2. Expiation or Atonement
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation and Protection
5. Reformation or rehabilitation of behavior

A. The Auburn Prison System

- “Congregate System” where prisoners are confined in their own cells during the night and congregate work in shops during
the day.
B. The Pennsylvania Prison System
- “Solitary System” where prisoners are confined in single cells day and night
PENALTY - defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of law.

The Philippine Correctional System

Institution Based and Community Based Approach
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Both systems are being implemented on a fragmentary basis by three (3) Departments of the Executive Branch of the government.
These are:
(1) Department of Justice (DOJ) Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) This is headed by a civilian Director. Tasked to rehabilitate
national prisoners so they can become useful members of society upon completion of their sentence
These are the prisoners whose penalty ranges from 3 YRS AND 1 DAY to LIFE IMPRISONEMENT and those convicted with the
DEATH penalty
NATIONAL PRISONERS are also referred to under the law as Insular Prisoners.
(2) The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) takes care of the municipal, city and district Jails.
The Provincial Jails and sub-provincial jails are operated by the Provincial Local government Units under the supervision and
management by their respective governors in each province and whose penalty ranges from SIX (6) MONTHS and ONE DAY UP TO
THREE(3) YEARS;
Municipal jails, City jails and District jails are under the supervision and administration of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) and whose penalty ranges from ONE (1) DAY to SIX (6) MONTHS for Municipal Jail inmates, and for City Jail
inmates whose penalty ranges from ONE (1) DAY TO THREE (3) YEARS. What is a district Jail?
(3) The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
takes care of the sentenced Youth offenders. which are located in the ten (10) Regional Youth Rehabilitation Centers nationwide.
RA 9344- Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farms was established 1869 in the Southern tip of Zamboanga.
Blanco, a Spanish Captain in the Royal Army
On November 27,1929, Republic Act 3579 was passed into law establishing the Correctional Institution for Women. This Penal
institution was constructed on an 18-hectare piece of land,
in Mandaluyong.
New Bilibid Prison was constructed in 1936 in Muntinlupa in a 552 hectares of land and in 1941 the actual transfer of
Muntinlupa facility was established.
The Bilibid Prison in Manila was renamed Old Bilibid Prison to avoid confusion and presently known as Manila City Jail.
These are the minimum security camp called Camp Bukang Liwayway, the name implying the coming release of prisoners
destined here., 65 years old and above and not on appeal or without pending case; those who served at least ½ of their minimum
sentence or 1/3 of their maximum sentence excluding Good Conduct Time Allowance and those with only 6 months to serve before
expiration of maximum sentence
The second is Camp Sampaguita, which houses medium security prisoners. Medium Security inmates are those with less
than 20 years sentence, remand inmates or detainees below 20 years sentence,
Good conduct entitles the inmate to the following deductions from his sentence:
1. In the first two years of incarceration, 5 days deduction for each month of good behavior.
2. From the 3rd to 5th year, 8 days deduction for each month of good behavior
3. From 6th year to 10 years, 10 days deduction for each month of good behavior; and
4. From the 11th year, 15 days deduction for each month of good behavior.
The Davao Penal Colony was established in January 21,1932 by virtue of Republic Act 3732 and Proclamation No. 414. Retired
General Paulino Santos, opened the colony that covers an area about 18,000 hectares.
.. It is a major banana producer having secured a joint venture agreement with Tagum Development Company. In a 3,000 hectares
banana plantation.
On September 17,1954, the president of the Philippines issued Proclamation No. 72 allocating 16,000 hectares of land in Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro for the setting up of another penal colony. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm was
The actual land area is 16,408.5.
The last Penal facility to be built by the Bureau of prisons is the Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog. This was established in
January 16,1973 on the orders issued under the Martial law by President Ferdinand E. Marcos
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created pursuant to Republic Act 6975 signed on December 13,1990 and
became known as the DILG Act of 1990.

On December 10,1974, Presidential Decree no. 603 otherwise known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code of 1974 was
promulgated.
CATEGORIES OF INMATES – The two (2) general classes of inmates are:
a. Prisoner – inmate who is convicted by final judgment
b. Detainee – inmate who is undergoing investigation / trial or awaiting trial / sentencing
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS – The four (4) main classifications of prisoners are:
a. Insular Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day to death
b. Provincial Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years.
c. City Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to three (3) years.
d. Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to six (6) months.
. CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES – The Three (3) types of detainees are those:
A. Undergoing investigation
B. Awaiting or undergoing trial; and,
C. Awaiting final judgment
INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION –
A. High Risk Inmates
B. High Profile Inmates
C. Ordinary Inmates
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Instruments of restraint, such as handcuffs, leg irons and straitjackets are not to be applied as the form of punishment.
Frisking- exposing into sunlight
Shakedown- body inspection of contraband
Greyhound-It is a surprise inspection

NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

CORRECTION APPROACHES in the Philippines

1. Institutional Correction – Rehabilitation of offenders in Jail or Prison.

2. Community-Based Correction – correctional activities that takes place in the community that directly addressed to the offender
and aimed at helping him to become a law abiding Citizen.
- This is the direct ancestor of probation
- This involves the obligation or promise under oath that the accused must “keep the peace” or “be of good behavior”
- Sureties or bail were usually required
- Usually applied to any felony not capital
- This led to the development of the first British Probation Service.
TRANSPORTATION
- Sending or putting away of an offender to another colony. It was an attempt to substitute for brutal punishment at home and an
opportunity for rehabilitation in a new country.
Presidential Decree 968 – Probation Law of 1976
PROBATION IS A MATTER OF GRANT
OUTSIDE TRAVEL
1. Probation officer authorized the probationer to travel outside the area of the operation for a period of 10 days but not exceeding 30
days.
2. If 30 days, Probation must file 5 days before travel a request to travel outside for the approval of Probation authorities.
3. If more than 30 days Probation Authorities shall recommend for Court Approval.
E.0.292 (Administrative Code of 1987) – renamed the Probation Administration into Parole and probation Administration
The order of the court granting or denying probation SHALL NOT BE APPEALABLE.
Probationer – a person placed on probation
Probation officer – one who investigates for the court a referral for probation or one who supervises a probationer or both.
Petitioner – an accused or defendant who files a formal petition for probation
Parole – refer to the conditional release of an offender from a penal institution after he has served the minimum period of his prison
sentence.
Parolee - refer to a person who is released on parole
Pardonee – refer to a person who is released on conditional pardon
Indeterminate Sentence Law, which took effect on Dec. 5, 1933.
PRISONERS DISQUALIFIED FOR PAROLE:
1. those persons convicted of offenses punished with reclusion perpetua;
2. 2. those convicted of treason, conspiracy or proposal to commit treason;
3. 3. those convicted of misprision of treason, rebellion, sedition or espionage;
4. those convicted of piracy;
5. those who are habitual delinquents;

COMPOSITION OF THE BOARDS OF PARDON AND PAROLE

– an act of executive clemency Chairman - Secretary of the DOJ
Ex-Officio - Probation Administrator of the Parole and Probation Administration
Members:
a. Sociologist
b. Clergyman/Educator
c. Psychiatrist
d. Person qualified for the work by training/experience and a member of the Philippine BAR.
Pardon - It is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to it as a matter of right.
Kinds of Pardon
1. Absolute Pardon It is an absolute pardon when it is granted by the Chief Executive without any conditions attached. Absolute pardon
serves to wipe away the guilt of a pardonee, and makes him innocent as if he has not committed any crime.
2) Conditional Pardon It is conditional when it is granted by the Chief Executive subject to the conditions imposed on the recipient and
accepted by him. Usually, the person granted with conditional pardon has served a portion (at least ½ of the minimum of his indeterminate
sentence) of his sentence in prison
1) Amnesty Is a general pardon extended to a group of persons generally exercised by the Chief Executive with the concurrence of
congress.
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As to the Time to Avail: Pardon is exercised when the person is already convicted, while amnesty maybe given before trial or investigation
is done.
As to the Effect: Pardon is an act of forgiveness, i.e. it relieves the offender from the consequences of the offense, while amnesty is an act
of forgetfulness. i.e. it puts into oblivion the offense of which one is charged so that the person as if he had never committed the offense.
2) Commutation of Sentence It is a change of the decision of the court made by the Chief Executive by reducing the degree of the penalty
inflicted upon the convict, or by decreasing the length of the imprisonment of the original sentence.
2. Reprieve – the temporary stay or suspension the execution of sentence (applicable only to death sentence)
A deduction of 1/5 of the period of the sentence of any prisoner who evaded the service of sentence on the occasion of disorders
due to conflagrations, earthquakes, or other calamities shall be granted if he returns to authorities within 48 hours after the
president declared that the calamity is over.
- Once granted hall not be revoked.

PAROLE It is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of his indeterminate sentence.

WHAT IS EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY It refers to the Commutation of Sentence, Conditional Pardon and Absolute Pardon maybe granted by
the president upon recommendation of the Board.
COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE It is the reduction of the period of a prison sentence
CONDITIONAL PARDON It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed by a court.
ABSOLUTE PARDON It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual to whom it is granted without any condition
whatsoever resulting to the full restoration of his civil rights.
CONDITIONAL PARDON A prisoner who has served at least one-half (1/2) of the maximum of the original indeterminate and/or definite
prison term.
REPRIEVE- Suspension of Death Penalty execution
JOHN AUGUSTUS, a Boston boot maker, is credited as the “Father of Probation.”
DETERRENCE
EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY
RETRIBUTION
Juan El chapo Guzman escape wooden cart
Jaybee Sebastian