Name of Project : Upgrading of Nakalaya - Sta.

Elena FMR
Station Limits : 0+000 to 4+440

Section ID: PRDP-1B-RO05-CAN-010-JOS-010-2017

Location : Brgy. Nakalaya and Sta. Elena, Camrines Norte

RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN USING CUMULATIVE EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOAD (CESAL)

1.) Determine the Design Traffic for Each Vehicle Type.

Design Traffic = Pi (1+i)n - 1 365

i
where,
Pi = Annual Average Daily Traffic
i = Traffic Growth Rate
N = Design Life Period (20 years for PCCP,10 years for ACP)

2.) Determine the Traffic Equivalence Factor (EF) for each vehicle type.

The damaging effect per pass to a pavement by a type of axle relative to the damage per pass of a
standard axle load ( ussually the 8,200 kg. single axle load) is expressed as Equivalent Factor (EF). The EF
for each axle is calculated using the following formula.

4
axle load(tons)
EF =
8.2

Then, determine the EF for each vehicle type.

4
axle load(tons)
EF = Σ
8.2

3.) Compute the Cumulative Equivalent Single Axle Load (CESAL) for each vehicle type.

ESAL = (Design Traffic x DD x DL) EF

where,
DD = Directional distribution factor, which is generally 50%
DL = Lane Distribution Factor

The DL factor may be calculated using the Table:

Table for Lane Distribution Factor

Number of Lanes in each Percentage of 18-tons ESAL in the
direction design Lane
1 100%
 2 80% - 100%
3 60% - 80%
4 50% - 75%

4.) Add the ESAL for all vehicle types.

CESAL Design Design x

EF2 axle
(W18) = Traffic2 axle x 50% x 100% x + Traffic3 axle 50% x

Design
+ x 50% x 100% x EF4 axle
Traffic3 axle
 DETAILED CALCULATION OF CESAL

I) DATA
- Taken from the AADT of a given road section.

Truck Type AADT (one direction)

2-axle 4
3-axle 10
4-axle 10

Assumed traffic growth rate = 2%

Design Period = 20 years

II) DESIGN CALCULATION

1. Determine the Design Traffic for each truck type.

a) 2-axle trucks = 4 (1+ 0.02 )20- 1 365 = 35,474

2%

b) 3-axle trucks = 10 (1+ 0.02 )20- 1 365 = 88,685

2%

c) 4-axle trucks = 10 (1+ 0.02 )20- 1 365 = 88,685

2%

2. Determine the equivalence factor (EF) for each axle and truck type.

The table on GVW and maximum allowable axle load prescribed under RA 8794 as shown will be used in
calculating the EF of each truck type.

GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT (GVW) PER RA 8794

Truck Type Code GVW (kg.)
2 - axle 1-1 16,880
3 - axle 1-2 27,250
4 - axle 11 - 3 30,380

Maximum allowable axle load = 13,500.00 kg.

a) In a 2 - axle truck, the load distribution for each axle is as shown in the figure below

Axle 1 Axle 2

Dist. b/n axles

 0.2 (GVW) 0.8 (GVW)
= 3.38 tons 13.50 tons

4 4
EF2 axle = 3.38 13.50
+ = 7.38
8.2 8.2

b) In a 3 - axle truck, the load distribution for each axle is as shown in the figure below

Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3

Dist. b/n axles

0.2 (GVW) 0.4 (GVW) 0.4 (GVW)

5.45 tons 10.90 tons 10.90 tons

4 4 4
EF3 axle = 5.45 10.90 10.90
+ + = 6.44
8.2 8.2 8.2
 c) In a 4 - axle truck, the load distribution for each axle is as shown in the figure below

Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3 Axle 4

0.169 (GVW) 0.298 (GVW) 0.279 (GVW) 0.254 (GVW)

5.13 tons 9.05 tons 8.48 tons 7.72 tons

4 4 4 4
EF3 axle = 5.13 9.05 8.48 7.72
+ + + = 3.57
8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2

3. Determine for CESAL for all types of Vehicles

CESAL (W18) = ( 35,474 x 50% x 100% x 7.38 ) + ( 88,685 x 50% x

+( 88,685 x 50% x 100% x 3.57 )

= 0.57 x 10⁶

4. Determine the Thickness of PCCP

Rigid Pavement Design Design Con

- Design Per
- Loading:
Design Equation: (including ove
log10W18 = ZR*So + 7.35*log10(D+1) - 0.06 + {log10[APSI/(4.5 - 1.5)]} / {1 + [(1.624*107)/(D+1)8.46]} - Design ESA
+ (4.22 - 0.32pt)*log10{[Sc' * Cd(D 0.75
- 1.132)] / [215.63*J(D 0.75
-(18.42/(Ec/k) 0.25
))]} - Concrete S
DESIGN PARAMETERS: Flexural a
Design Performance Period, = 20 years Note:
Design Traffic: (ESAL), W18 = 0.570 x 106 (18 KIP ESAL)
Design Reliability, R= 85 % PAVEMENT ST
Standard Normal Deviation, ZR = -1.037
Standard Error, So = 0.35 PCC Th
Design Terminal Serviciability Index, pt = 2.00 T=
Design Serviciability Loss, APSI = 2.50
PCCP Modulus of Rapture, S'c = 560 psi Aggrega
PCCP Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = 3.372 x 10 psi
6
T=
Design Subgrade, CBR = 4.60% ////\\\\////\\ Subgrad
Effective Roadbed Resilient Modulus, Mr = 5,800 psi
Sub-base Elastic Modulus Esb = 15,000 psi (MR =
Sub-base Thickness, Item 200 = 20 cm
Effective Modulus @ Subgrade Reaction, k= 350.00 pci
Drainage Coefficient, Cd = 1.00
Load Transfer Coefficient, J= 3.80 Without Dowel Bars
Loss of Support, LS = 1.00
 kcorrected = 110 pci

(For try&error computation)

5.756 6.046

Result:
D= 8.000 inches decrease D !!! 20.32 cm, Say 20.00 cm ( = 7.9 inches )

Notes: Without Dowel Bars at Contraction Joints

PREPARED BY:

Espie
MLGU Engineer
 type of axle relative to the damage per pass of a
e load) is expressed as Equivalent Factor (EF). The EF
a.
100% x EF3 axle
prescribed under RA 8794 as shown will be used in
 100% x 6.44 )

Design Conditions:
- Design Period: 20 years
- Loading: Actual (100%)
(including overloaded-trucks)
- Design ESAL: 0.570 x 106
- Concrete Strength: 3,500 psi
Flexural at 14-days (3.80 kN/mm2)
Without Dowel Bars

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

PCC Thickness
20 cm

Aggregate Sub-Base Thickness

20 cm
Subgrade CBR = 4.60%

5,800 psi )
inches ) Use: 8 inches