HARB O U R, D 0 CK

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AND

TUNNEL ENGINEtERING
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SECTION I

HARBOUR AND DOCK

ENGINEERING

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THE S.S. BOOK Er.�;,o� .."11

.MOUNT...,.,. ROAD, �ASI>.•,A�1.;,\Ji.)f.
■•NGAt 'lRII. 4 (fl,IDII,)

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HARBOUR, DOCK
AND
TUNNEL ENGINEERING

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Vallabh Vicly ;,nag�r S<:rics: 7

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HARBOUR, DOCK AND TUNNEL

ENGINEERING

[AN l?,LCM£NTARY '!'EXT-BOOK FOR F.:-ICl\'f-.ERINC, STUD£)1.'T5j

R. SRINlVr\SAN
II. E .. ,\. �-1. I. E.

l'ro_fessor ,if Civil tn_i:,11t<'l'111g

.·1JVD
1ltad ef the Dt'/1/. ,1· C'ioil E,1gi11<'1:ri11g
fl. V. fl. (:oll1'.£:1: of. E'nein,·rrina and Tt·ch11ology, I!Ul:Jl.l.

FIRS'f CDITJON

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1958

CHAROTAR BOOK STALL

STATION ROAD, ,\.'!A.i"ID (W. Rly.) INDli\

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First P11blirhed: 195 8

All rights includi11g thnsc nf niaking thr

tra11slatio11 ar,: strictf1 • reserved hJ' thr Author.

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Pub/i,/,cd �� R. C. Patr.l, (:J,arotar Book Stall, Statin,1 Road. T11lsi Sad(lu,

.4nand ( r-V. Rl)1), India.
Printed hJ1 JV. Her11a11de::.,.S. ]., 111 /he :1nand Pr,:s,, ;lno11rl. ( 11 ·. RI)',

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Dedicated sincerely
In

M;, students
past and present

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FOREWORD

It gives me great pleasure to \.vritc a forc\,'Ord to this valua­

ble book which has been written by Professor R. Srinivasan
on the subjects of Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering.
There are a nurr1be1· of hooks on the.�c subjects •,vhich have been
\Vritten by rnany specialist�, both on the continent and in the
U nitcd States ol' Arneric,i. 'l'hcsc books are n1ore or less reference
books for tltt· use of practising engineers in the profession.
As textbook� fur young enginer.ring students, they are of course
very valuable, \vhen the course calls for a study CJf fev.-cr subjects
and th<' syllabt:� dernands detailed study in the subject of specia­
lisation, as in foreign universities. They arc also prohibitively
cosdy for Indian stud<-:nt� prt'paring for the various examinations
of the universities in 1 ndia. foor such student�, this book is
a l.>0011.
'fhr scct:on on Harbour a11d Dock Engineering is well
diviclcd 1n ro ten grader! chapters and similarly the section on
Tunn<'l Engineering into nine graded c:l1apters. Both the
5c,uons make good readin� and undoubtedly p;ivi; the reader,
ho\vever uniniliatcd hr 1na\· be, a grasp of rh1· principle� of
cites<: subjects.
I arn highly apprec:iati,·e of the rk·ar and concise ,vay in
1vhich thi� \·ul11n1e has been \Vrict('rt in re.�pcet of' the descrip­
ti\'t portions anrl che fully explanatory way i n 1vhich rn.'\nv
sketches have Geen got up and included in spite- of their relative
trouble and w ww. engi
cxpcnsc. n eer
1'hryingonvery
art your fi
nger ti
ps
valuable .
oo
as o go a Jong
lhey
\vay to clarify the construction n1cthods in an unmistakable
1nanncr at every stage. I an1 sure this book \.viii soon becornc a
popular textbook an1ong- the ,tudenL5 of r.hc several univcrsi tics
in Indi a. I take chis opportu11ity to congratulate Prof. Srinivasan
for bringing out this ugcf'ul volume. I an1 indeed very happy
that I have had the opportunitv to g(l through the book and
to \Vrite chis !orC'\•\'Ord.

19-10-5 7 L>. SlJBBA RAO

BARODA Den11, Fot:ul�y o,f E·11gi11eeri11g 011d Tcch11nlagy
M. S. U11i11cr.fity (Barada)

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PREFACE

A sincere allcn1pt has I.ii-en made to present the funda­

n1cntals of this aspect of Engineering, ,vhich is rather difficult
to cornprchcnd hv a stud<'nt in enginet·ring and on which text
books as such havr. nor been publis.hcd. During n1�, Ion�
experience a� a teacher 011 this and allied �ubject� 1 have con­
stantly felt this handicap and after very earnest deliberation
ciecided to offer 1ny hurnblc services to fulfil this deficiency.
l n n,- akin� this at Ll'rnpt 1 ,v,1s gn·:. tly encouraged hy the express
v.·ish of n1y student, past and prrsent, ,vhn ronstantly uricd on
1111:. tn bring out a tcxtbnok on th(' subject. 'fo all or thern
l ;:irn 1hankful. Tt ,vill not he out of place- tn rnentlOn that
the fev.: !Jooks there arc dl'al ,vith thr <uhjcct matter ,vith parti­
cular rr.fcn�ncc- t11 r.xistin_r\ ,vorks and not on gener,d line� as
,.,ould he u�cf11I 1n a student. i\ valiant actrrnpt has now
hern 1naric to generalise and devclop the suhjt:rt rnattCr in a
logiral ,vav anci at the.: samr time to cont:1in the full aspc'.Cts o f
tht> sylL:ihus of our lndian Universities. I earnesth· hope thilt
this attc,npr achic:vrs ii:s objrr.tivc.

So far tl1r Slud,· and 11ratricr of" l-larbour and Tunnel

cngincc1·ing ha� been based on Lhc praclic;:il develop1nc.:nls
t:iking plac:c- in the: more advanccd and n1ariti1nc countries or
the ,vorld: hut 11u,v Lht· 1i111<· has c.:on1c ,vhc.:n 0111 n,vn countr>'
j5 aucn1prin� to c.lc·vr-lop its,df anrl i1 i� in the '1tncs$ of things
that· our r,11,,n, r::ngincfT\ should l1t•gin 10 11ndcr�tand and
::ipprt>ci« 1 c I hi' i n1p<,rlanc.-- of I hesc hr·anches of cngincc.:rin�
mo1·t and rnore wwanc.
w. e
ln gi
he neer
ablc.: i
n
rngassiq_
onyour f
Ti
tnis
ge rt i
ps
also .
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the· ai,n of this
hook to crcau· thi� incentive- in our youn� engineer., and kindle
tht:ir enthusiasm, especially ,.,·hen they rrac.J ahn11t the: r.ollasal
.
achievement� n1ade hy nthrr cnnntrie� ln thr:se branch.C's of
. .
c'ngrneering.
J t is mv dut> to thn11k all ,nv gooc.l friends "'ho he:lpcd
rue to prepare and l,ri11g out thi� hook. J have LO specially
thank Shri P. /\. Soni or thi: B \·. Maha,·idyalaya, Ana11d and
Shri. tv1iskin of the B. \i. I.\. C:ullcge, Hubli ,vho rncticulousl >'
prepared th� nurne1·ous skcLcht-� that adorn the page� of the
hook. I an1 gratt-C,il to Prof. :R. R. S,di of R. \1. B. Cnllege, Hubli,
for his imrncnse help in i;oing through the-· proof,. My

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