"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......

AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 1

SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 2

Introduction
FAO defines sustainable agriculture as the one which conserves land, water, and plant and
animal genetic resources, does not degrade the environment and is economically viable and
socially acceptable.

“The food gap…the impact of climate change on food production”

A 2020 Perspective

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 3

Sustainable Agriculture
System of cultivation with the use of manure, crop rotation ,minimal tillage with minimum
dependence on
◦ Synthetic fertilizers
◦ Pesticides
◦ Antibiotics

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 4

Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 5

Benefits

Environmental
preservation

Sustainable
Protection of
vibrant
public health
communities

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 6

Other Benefits
Supports profitable production
Protects environmental quality
Uses natural resources efficiently
Provides consumers with affordable, high quality products
Decreases dependency on non-renewable resources
Enhances the quality of life of farmers

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Industrial Agriculture – The Practice in
Vogue

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 8

Industrial Agriculture –Disadvantages of
Chemical Fertilizers
Increase in water borne disease
Loss of natural fertility of the soil
Loss of organic matter from the soil
Threat to quality of dirking water

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Industrial Agriculture – Disadvantages of
Pesticides
Species which are not targeted are also killed.
Pests develop resistance against pesticides after some time.
Soil fertility reduced.
On short duration exposure cause illness.
On long duration exposure cause cancer.

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 10

METHODS OF
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 11

1. Organic Farming

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2. Bio Fertilizers

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3. Vermi-composing
Efficient technique for recycling of animal wastes, crop residue $ agro-industrial
waste.
Process of conversion of organic materials into manure is chiefly microbiological.
Earthworms are the best friend of gardeners.

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 14

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 15
4. Integrated Pest Management
IPM integrates sustainable practice for economic control of pests.
It is a careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration
of appropriate measures.

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 16

5. Mixed Cropping

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6. Crop Rotation
Sustainable practice of growing series of different types of crops in same area in sequential
seasons .
crop rotation gives various nutrients to soil, it also mitigates the build up of pathogens.

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 18

7. Soil Management
monoculture

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8. Integrated Nutrient Management
Judicious combination of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers which replenishes the soil
nutrients which are removed by the crops is referred as Integrated Nutrient Management
system.

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 20

9. Reduce Soil Erosion

terracing Reduce tillage

intercropping

Counter plowing Agroforestry

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 21

KEY CHALLENGES TO
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 22

 Key
Fast degradation of natural resources
Challenges
Competition over natural resources
Climate change
New threats from diseases

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 "ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR
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CSS......AUTHOR: IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)"