Problem 3.19 For the circuit shown in Fig. P3.

19:
(a) Determine Req between terminals (a, b).
(b) Determine the current I using the result of (a).
(c) Apply nodal analysis to the original circuit to determine the node voltages and
then use them to determine I. Compare the result with the answer of part (b).

R V1 R

R R R
R V3 R
V2 V4
R R R
R
a Req b
+_
I
V0

Figure P3.19: Circuit for Problem 3.19.

Solution:
(a) To find Req , we will go through several steps of resistive transformations:

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c National Technology and Science Press
series R R 2R 2R
c series c

R R R R
R e R R R
d f d f
e
R R R R R
R 2R
series
a b a b

Y-∆

8R 8R
d f
4R/5 4R/5 4R 4R
parallel parallel
e
d f
e
R R
R R R R
2R 2R

a b a b

Y-∆

2R/3 2R/3
d f
R/15
e Req
R R 5R/3 16R/15 8R/3
2R

a b a b a b
51R
Req = = 2.43R
21

(b)
V0 21 V0 V0
I= = = 0.41 .
Req 51 R R
(c) KCL at nodes V1 to V4 :
V1 −V2 V1 −V3 V1 −V4
+ + =0 (1)
2R R 2R
V2 −V1 V2 −V3 V2 −V0
+ + =0 (2)
2R R R
V3 −V1 V3 −V2 V3 −V4 V3
+ + + =0 (3)
R R R R
V4 −V1 V4 −V3 V4
+ + = 0. (4)
2R R 2R

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c National Technology and Science Press
 R V1 R

R R R
R V3 R
V2 V4
R R R
R
a Req b
+_
I
V0

Figure P3.19: Circuit for Problem 3.19.

Simplification leads to:

4V1 −V2 − 2V3 −V4 = 0 (5)

−V1 + 5V2 − 2V3 = 2V0 (6)
−V1 −V2 + 4V3 −V4 = 0 (7)
−V1 − 2V3 + 4V4 = 0. (8)

Simultaneous solution leads to:

V1 = 0.35V0 , V2 = 0.59V0 , V3 = 0.29V0 , V4 = 0.24V0

V0 −V2 V0 − 0.59V2 0.41V0
I= = = ,
R R R
which is the same answer of part (b).

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c National Technology and Science Press