[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept.

of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

EEE 2019 - PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

TEST 1 [SOLUTIONS] – TERM 1 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR – APRIL 25, 2023

QUESTION 1
(a) The current entering the positive terminal of a device is i(t ) = 3e −2t A and the
di(t )
voltage across the device is v(t ) = 5 V.
dt
(i) Determine the charge delivered to the device between t = 0 and t = 2s , given
that q(0) = 0 . [4 Marks]
(ii) Find the power absorbed. [3 Marks]
(iii) Determine the energy absorbed in 3s . [4 Marks]
[SOLUTION] [Q1(a)]
(i) Given that, i(t ) = 3e −2t A it follows that,
t
t 
e 
−2t


t
 q(t ) = i(t )dt + q(0) ; i.e., q(t ) = 3  e dt + 0 = 3   ;
−2t
0 0

 −2 
0
3
 Thus, q(t ) = − (e
−2t
− e 0 ) ; i.e., q(t ) = 3 (1 − e −2t ) C , [2 Marks]
2 2
3
 At t = 2s , we obtain, q(2) = (1 − e −4 ) C = 1.4725 C . [2 Marks]
2
di(t )
(ii) Given that, v(t ) = 5 V , we obtain
dt
d d
 v(t ) = 5 (3e −2t ) = 5(−6e −2t ) V ; i.e., v(t ) = 5 (3e −2t ) = −60e −2t V ;
dt dt
 It follows that, p(t ) = v(t )i(t ) = (−60e −2t V)(3e −2t A) ; i.e., p(t ) = −180e −4t W ;
[2 Marks]
 At t = 2s , we obtain, p(2) = −180e −8 W = −0.0604 W ;
[1 Mark ]
(iii) Energy in terms of power is of the form,
t
 w(t ) =  0
p(t )dt + w(0) ;
t

e 
t
−4t
 t
 Assume, w(0) = 0 , it follows that, w(t ) =  p(t )dt = −180  e dt = −180   ;
−4t

 −4 

0 0
0
 Thus, w(t ) = −45(1 − e −4t ) J ; [2 Marks]
 At t = 3s , we have, w(3) = −45(1 − e −12
) J = −44.9997 J ; [2 Marks]

(b) For the circuit shown in Figure Q1(b), find:

(i) The equivalent resistance Req . [8 Marks]
(ii) The equivalent conductance Geq . [3 Marks]
(iii) The value of the current i0 . [3 Marks]
[Prepared by Dr. C. S. Lubobya & Jerry Muwamba] Page 1 of 8
[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

60 
12 

i0 5 6
80 

40V 15  20 

Req
Figure Q1(b)
[Total 25 Marks]

[SOLUTION] [Q1(b)]
(i) Consider the given circuit as depicted in FIG. 1,
60 
12  60 

i0 5 6 i0 5 4
80 

40V 15  20  40V 15  16

Req FIG. 1 Req FIG. 2 [2 Marks]

 It follows that FIG. 2 is obtained from the resistor combinations of the form,
(12)(6) (20)(80)
 R = 12 6 = = 4  ; and R = 20 80 = = 16  ; [2 Marks]
18 100
[2 Marks]
 Vividly, from FIG. 2 we obtain,
1 60 60 15
 Req = 15 (4 + 16) 60 = = = ; i.e., Req =  = 7.5  ;
1 1 1 [4 + 3 + 1] 8 2 [2 Marks]
 + + 
 15 20 60 
(ii) Therefore, the equivalent conductance is of the form,
1 2 [3 Marks]
 Geq = = S = 0.1333 S ;
Req 15
(iii) It follows from FIG. 2 that,
40 2 16 [3 Marks]
 i0 = = 40   ; i.e., i0 = A = 3.2A ;
 15   25  5
5 + 
 2
[Total 25 Marks]

QUESTION 2
(a) In the circuit shown in Figure Q2(a), determine:
(i) The equivalent resistance Req . [6 Marks]
[Prepared by Dr. C. S. Lubobya & Jerry Muwamba] Page 2 of 8
[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

(ii) The voltage v x across the 1 ohm resistor. [4 Marks]

(iii) The power absorbed by the 2 ohm resistor. [3 Marks]
1 1.2 

vx
4
6A 2 8 12 
3 6

Figure Q2(a)

[SOLUTION] [Q2(a)]
(i) Consider the given circuit as depicted in FIG. 1,
1 a 1.2  b 1 a 1.2  b
vx vx
4 4
6A 2 8 12  6A 2 c 4.8 
c
3 6 2

d d d d d
FIG. 1 FIG. 2
[2 Marks]
 It follows that FIG. 2 is obtained from the resistor combinations of the form,
(3)(6) (8)(12) 24
 R = 3 6 = = 2  ; and R = 8 12 = =  = 4.8  ; [2 Marks]
9 20 5
 Vividly, from FIG. 2 we obtain,
(2)(4) 4 [2 Marks]
 Req = 2 (1 + 6 6) = 2 4 = ; i.e., Req =  = 1.3333  ;
6 3
(ii) Therefore, the voltage v x across the 1 ohm resistor is of the form,
 2 
 vx = (1)(i1 ) ; where i1 =   (6) = 2 A ; i.e., vx = (1)(2) = 2 V ; [4 Marks]
2 + 4 
(iii) It follows from FIG. 2 that the power absorbed by the 2 ohm resistor is,
 p2  = v2 i2  = Ri22 = (2)(6 − 2)2 = (2)(16) ; i.e., p2  = 32 W ; [3 Marks]

(b) Using delta to wye transformation, obtain the equivalent resistance RAB between
terminals A and B. [12 Marks]
A
30  30 
RAB 30 

30  30 
30  20 
B

[Prepared by Dr. C. S. Lubobya & Jerry Muwamba] Page 3 of 8

[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

Figure Q2(b)
[Total 25 Marks]
[SOLUTION] [Q2(b)]
 Firstly, we convert the two balanced deltas to wye as illustrated in FIG. 1, which
yields the circuit of the form of FIG. 2.
A A
R R = 30  RY = 10 
RAB RAB

R RR RY RY RY
20 20
B B
R RY RY
FIG. 1 FIG. 2 [3 Marks]

 For the balanced deltas in FIG. 1, we obtain resistances for the wyes as,
R 30 [3 Marks]
 RY = = = 10 ; i.e., RY = 10  ;
3 3
 From FIG. 2, we obtain,
(20)(40)  
 Rab = RY + (2RY ) (2RY + 20) + RY ; i.e., Rab = 20 + 20 40 = 20 +  ;
 60 
[3 Marks]
40 100 100 [3 Marks]
 Thus, Rab = 20 + =  ;  Rab =  = 33.333  ;
3 3 3
[Total 25 Marks]
QUESTION 3
(a) Using nodal analysis in the circuit of Figure Q3(a), determine
(i) The voltage V0 . [10 Marks]
(ii) The current I x . [3 Marks]
10  1
Ix
30V 2 4I x 5 V0

Figure Q3(a)
[SOLUTION] [Q3(a)]
(i) Step 1, we assign node voltages to each nonreference node as depicted in FIG. 1.
V1 10  V2 1 V0
Ix
30V 2 4I x 5 V0

datum
FIG. 1 [2 Marks]

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[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

 At node 1, by inspection we obtain

 V1 = 30 V ; [2 Marks]

 At node 2, applying KCL yields,

 30 − V2 
  
V2 
 
V2 − V0 

  − −  = 0 ; i.e., 30 − V2 − 5V2 − 10V2 + 10V0 = 0 ;
 10 
 2
   1 
  
 Thus, 10V0 − 16V2 = −30 ; i.e., 5V0 − 8V2 = −15 ; (1)
[2 Marks]
 At node 0, applying KCL gives,

V − V0 
 
V2 
 V0  
  2  + 4   −   = 0 ; i.e., 5V2 − 5V0 + 10V2 − V0 = 0 ;
 1 
  2
  5 
 Thus, 6V0 − 15V2 = 0 ; i.e., 2V0 − 5V2 = 0 ; (2)
[2 Marks]
 Substituting eq(2) into eq(1) yields,
2   25 − 16  5
 5V0 − 8  V0  = −15 ; i.e.,  V0 = −15 ; V0 = −15   ;
5   5  9
25 [2 Marks]
 Therefore, V0 = − V = −8.3333V ;
3
(ii) It follows from (i) above that,
2  2   25  10 V 5
 V2 =  V0 =     = V ; i.e., I x = 2 = A = 1.6667 A ; [3 Marks]
5  5  3  3 2 3

(b) Consider the circuit shown in Figure Q3(b). Determine the current, voltage, and
power associated with the 20k . [12 Marks]

5mA 10k V0 0.01V0 5k 20k

Figure Q3(b)
[Total 25 Marks]
[SOLUTION] [Q3(b)]
 We may use nodal analysis on FIG. 1 as follows,

V0 V1

5mA 10k V0 0.01V0 5k 20k

FIG. 1 [2 Marks]

 At node 0, applying KCL yields,

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[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

 V 
 5mA −  0  = 0 ; i.e., V0 = (10k)(5mA) = 50V ; [3 Marks]
 10k 
 At node 1, applying KCL yields,
V   V 
 0.01V0
−  −
1 1
 = 0 ; i.e., (20k)0.01V0 − 4V1 − V1 = 0 ;  5V1 = (20k)0.01V0 ;
5k
   20k 
 Thus, V1 = (4k)0.01V0 = (4k)(0.01)(50) ;  V1 = V20k = 2kV ; [3 Marks]
2
v20k (2k)2 4k 1
 It follows that, p20k = = = ; i.e., p20k = kW = 0.2kW ; [4 Marks]


R 20k 20 5
[Total 25 Marks]

QUESTION 4
(a) Find V0 and the power absorbed by each element in the circuit of Figure Q4(a).
[13 Marks]
28V
I 0 = 2A
p5
6A 12V 1A 28V
p2 3A p4
30V p1 V0 p3 p6 5I 0

6A 3A

Figure Q4(a)
[SOLUTION] [Q4(a)]
 Applying KVL around the loop yields,
 V0 = 30 − 12 = 18 ; i.e., V0 = 18 V ; [1 Mark ]

 For p1 we obtain,
 p1 = vi = (30)(−6) = −180 ; i.e., p1 = −180 W; supplied ; [2 Marks]

 For p2 we obtain,
 p2 = vi = (12)(6) = 72 ; i.e., p2 = 72 W; absorbed ; [2 Marks]
 For p3 we obtain,
 p3 = vi = (18)(3) = 54 ; i.e., p3 = 54 W; absorbed ; [2 Marks]

 For p4 we obtain,
 p4 = vi = (28)(1) = 28 ; i.e., p4 = 28 W; absorbed ; [2 Marks]
 For p5 we obtain,
 p5 = vi = (28)(2) = 56 ; i.e., p5 = 56 W; absorbed ; [2 Marks]

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[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

 For p6 we obtain,
 p6 = vi = (5I 0 )(−3) = (5)(2)(−3) = −30 ; i.e., p6 = −30W; supplied ; [2 Marks]
 p supplied
+  pabsorbed = 0 ; LHS, −(180 + 30) + (72 + 54 + 28 + 56) = 0 ; Q.E.D,

(b) For the circuit shown in Figure Q4(b), using mesh analysis determine
(i) The value of the currents i1 and i2 using Cramer’s rule. [10 Marks]
(ii) The value of the voltage v 0 . [2 Marks]
3 6

v0
12V 8 2v 0
i1 i2

Figure Q4(b)
[Total 25 Marks]
[SOLUTION] [Q4(b)]
(i) With respect to the circuit in FIG. 1 under analysis we have,
3 6

v0
12V 8 2v 0
i1 i2

FIG. 1

 Mesh 1, applying KVL yields,

 12 − 3i1 − 8(i1 − i2 ) = 0 ; i.e., 11i1 − 8i2 = 12 ; (1)
[2 Marks]
 Mesh 2, applying KVL yields,
 8(i1 − i2 ) − 6i2 − 2v0 = 0 ; where v0 = 3i1 ;
 Thus, 8(i1 − i2 ) − 6i2 − 2(3i1 ) = 0 ; i.e., 2i1 − 14i2 = 0 ;  i1 − 7i2 = 0 ; (2)
[2 Marks]
 Using Cramer’s rule we put the simultaneous equations in matrix form,
11 −8  i1  12 11 −8
     =   ; i.e.,  = = −77 − (−8) = −69 ; (3)
 1 −7  i2   0  1 −7
12 −8 11 12
 1 = = −84 ; and 2 = = −12 ; (4)
0 −7 1 0
[2 Marks]
 It follows that,
1
−84 28 28 [2 Marks]
 i1 = = =; i.e., i1 = A = 1.2174A ;
 −69 23 23
 −12 4 4
 i2 = 2 = = ; i.e., i2 = A = 0.1739A ; [2 Marks]
 −69 23 23

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[EEE 2019 TEST 1 SOLUTIONS 2022/2023 Academic Year] [Dept. of EEE, School of Engineering, University of Zambia]

(ii) Thus, value of the voltage v 0 is the form,

 28  84
 v0 = 3i1 = 3   ;  v 0 = V = 3.6522 V ; [2 Marks]
 23  23
[Total 25 Marks]

END OF EEE 2019 TEST I [SOLUTIONS]

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