28SCt-1)Ze j2π t 52π(I)

(a)
52 π
·
d = sla2e = 22 <

t 1= 0 += 1 f [ -0 , 0]

(b) = " 8(-1)2252 +

Edt = 0 <

t -
1 = 0

t = 1((z 3) -

4) 2e52πdt
:

(5 S( + + = 0

t V
+ = G

+ = -
4 * [
-
3 -> 0

(d) -G S(t + 4)u(t) .

d+ = x0)v( K = V( 4) = 02

++ 4
04
=

+ = -
4 f 0 -
>
0]
 Ax

as
Type feed back system
A(X) = + y(t) Py(t) T
A(X)
-

d
* -
S
y(t)
y(t) =
Sk(x) ·
K .

y(t)S(X(t) -

Py(t)] K ·

dt

y(t)
=
)((X(t) kPy(t) dt
-
.
 y(t) y2(t)

>
- Acts "y , t

System Type Parallel [inter connecting]

y(t) Y2(t) = +
Yy(t)

Y2(t) y =
(t) * T2

S
,

y ,
(t) = X(t) .

T1

y2(t)
=
X(t) . T ,
.
T2 eq

A(t) =

Yz(t) + yg(t)
Y s (t) =
Y : (t) ·
T3 = X (t) . T ·

To
,

Ts
Yg(t) = X < t)
,
.

A(t) = (X(t) ·
T T 3) ·

+ (x(t) ·

Ts)
A (t) T4
Yy(t)
: =
·

egz

yy(t) = [(X (t) =

+1 ·

T3) + XC + 3 .

T3] ·
Ty

y(t) =
Y2(t) +
Yy(t)

i -

y(t) =
[X2H) ·
T1 ·
T
2] +
[ * Cl T1 Ts
.
. + x
(t) Tg).
-

Fa
 x( 2t)
(f)y(t)
-

check homogeneity
X(t) =
aX(t)
Y (t) = 0,
Ix

ay(t)
= 0, 14X(t) -

>
y(t) =

ay(t)
homogenity satified

check additivity
x
, ( +) >
-

y1(t) = 0
, 1 X 1(t)

Xe(t) >
-

y2(t) = 0
, 1X2(t)
y, (t) Yelt)
x
, (t) + Xz(t) =
0) 1 X1 (t) + 0
, 1X(t)
X 1(t) Xz(t)
+ =
y , (t) +
Y2(t)
additive satisfied

system linear
(b)y(t) = 3X (t) -

check
homogenity
x (t) = aX(t) <
y It) =
34X(t) -

ay(t) =
a(3X(t) -

2)

ay(t) =
39X(t) -
2 a

=
y(t) ayct
nomofinity not satisfied

system non linear

④ y(t) = x(t -

4)

① check homoginity
X(t) = aX( + 1) -

y(t) = ax(t -

4)

4)
ay(t) = aX( + -

y(t) =

ay(t) -
>
homoginity satisfied
② check addivity

4Xt(t)- y (t) =X+It is e

,
 YI Ye
X1(t) + Xz(t) =
X1(t 4)
-
+ X2(t 1)
-

X1 + Y2 =
Y1 + Y2 >
- additive satisfied

system linear

By(t) =E

test homogenity
N

x(t) = ax(t) y (t) =

ay(t) =
ax(t)

y(t) = a
y(t) >
-

homogenity not satisfied

system non linear

② YCH
=dct)
O
1 test homoginety
adx(t)
x(t) =
ax(t)
y(X) =

di

ay(t) = adX(t)
dt

y(t) ag(t) = >

-

homogonty satisfied

② test additive

x1(t) -

>
y f(t) = dX1(t)
dt
dX2(t)
x2(t) >
-

y2(H) =

dt

At
x2(t) + X2(t) = CH +
e

x1 + X2 =
Y1 + Yz
additive satisfied - >
system ear
⑦ y(t) =
x (4) d

④ test homo jenity

X(t) =
aXCH Y (t) =

aS X /t · d

+X(t) d T
ay(t) =
aS .

y(t) =
ay(t) -

> satisfied

② check additivity -
So * (Td T
2x + (t) y , (t)
=
>
-

x 2 (H)
=5 xcLI) d
-
>
Y2(t) . T

*+ *2 = St ) .

dt +. SX2 [5) .

X, + X2 = Y , +Y ,
& satisfied

temlinear
 1 2t)
⑲
x(
y(t)
-
= +

y(t) =
X( -

2+ +
1)
① check homo ginity
(H a xE2t 1)
X =
a x(t) Y (t) = +

ay(t) = a .
x ( 2t-

+ 1)

y (t) =
ay(t) >
-

① satisfied

② check additive

x, (t) >
-

y , (t) =
X1 ( 2t
-
+
1)

xe(t) -
>
y2(t) =
X2 ( 2 t + 1)
-

+ x ( 2t + 1 + X2( 2 t + 1)
xy
-

= -

X, ,

X
,
+ 12 =
y ,
+
12 additive satisfied

system linear
 3X(t)
④ y(t)
=

① Shift in Put X (t) == 3 X (t)

# > 3x (t t 0) y
=
-

&
② shift output x (t) <s X(t-to) >
3X(t-to) =

y2
e
invariat
-Time
& 1
=

⑥ y(t) =
log (0 , 1 x (t))
#>
① shift in Put x =>>
log (0 : x
(t)) log (0 2x(t-tol
.

= Y
,

② shift output x >x(t-to) >>

-

log (os1X( + to) y2

-

D , Ye
=
-
>
Time invariant

② y(t) = x(T) .
dT
It-to)
① shift in Put x -X(π) . d -
D >
SpX(T
-

to) dE y =
,

② shift output -*It -to) Est-tox (T to) dt

x
& yz
-
=
.

y ,
=
Y, >
-

Time invariant
 & y(t) = COS(t) · X (t)

① shift in Put X-> (Gs(t) x() As Cos(t- to) .

X#- to)
=
Y,
X(t-to) > CosCA) X(t- to)
② shift output x B2
-
=
>

y Y
-

> Time variant

,

& y(t) = tx(2t)

-xtx (2 + ) Is (t -to) X (2(t- to)

yI
& Shift Put
=

in x

x 1> x(t-to) Es +x /2t-to)

② shift output y2
=

y Y
-

> Time variant

,

O
x&x[-2t) XA2Ct-to)) =
Di
① shift in Put

② shift output X &sX/t-to) EsX/-2t -

to) =
Da

y Y
-

> Time variant

,
 ④ Y(t) =

dx

OshiftinOutX-sdsAdtxt-to I e
Y Time invariant
=
= -

>

⑲ y(t) = x(t+ T)

-> x(t +T) +xx (t to) + T) Y 1

=

& Shift Put x

-

in

② shift outPut x4sX(t-to)

- > X(t-to + 5) =

Y2
y= Y
-

> Time invariant

④ Memory les- > depend on
present values

casual - >
y(t) dependent on present values

③ y (t) = S x(T) .
d

q -
x πt

↳
Memory depend on past values
L .
casual out Out depend
on Past values

dx (t)
⑨ y(t) = -

↓I future ~
present

C*Limstat
e

↓ systemmemory-dependon presentvals a values

Y(t) = x(t -
5) + x(t + 1)
Past future
past
>
-

system memory
-
>
depend of future values

Casual defend on future values

system non >
-
② Y(t)
XL
=

system memoryless-depend on Present values

casual defend on Presentvalues
system >
-

⑦ y(t + 1) = x(t)

y(t + X X) -
= x(t 1)
-

Y(t) = X(t 1)-

system pust
memory -s depend on values
values
system Casual >
- defend on Past
④ X(t) =
y(t) +2
*
Y
system invertible
0 -
2 = -
2

e 1 -
2 = -1

2 -
2 =
0

3 -

2 = 1

⑯ y(t) =
t x(t) X Y
o O

system &
O
t = 0 >
-
non invertable O

② (t) >
-
constant

e ·
system non invertable
t
it O

nounige value
& y(t =

25 X (T) -
d X
O O
y
1 dY E
system invertable L
S1 . =

52 d Y = .

zenige
& y(t)
/e
=
X(2t 1)
-

↓
I

invertable

My(t) =
4* (t)

two input gives amis x

y, 2

non invertable
E
4) 2I
4)
2
2
I i
-
2
4)
2
-
=
16