A3

Q1
The parabola is a curve in R3 parameterized as follows:
   
 x  
C = ~γ (x) := x2  x ∈ [−1, 2]
0
 

 
Z Z2 x
F~ · d~s = x2  · ~γ 0 (x)dx
C −1 0
   
Z2 x 1
= x2  · 2x dx
−1 0 0
Z2
= x + 2x3 dx (1)
−1
2
x2 2x4

= +
2 4 −1
 
1 1
= (2 + 8) − +
2 2
=9

1
Q2

x(t)2
   
Z Z1 1
F~ · d~s = x(t)y(t) · 2t dt
C 0 1 0
Z1 t2
   
1
= t3  · 2t dt
0 1 0
Z1
= t2 + 2t4 dt (2)
0
1
t3 2t5

= +
3 5 0
1 2
= +
3 5
11
=
15

Q3
Given →
−
γ (t) = cos(t)î + sin(t)ĵ + tk̂ with t ∈ [π, 2π].
→
−
γ 0 (t) = −sin(t)î + cos(t)ĵ + k̂ and the length of curve, L, is
Z 2π
L= ||→
−
γ 0 (t)||dt
π
Z 2π p
= (−sin(t))2 + cos2 (t) + 12 dt
π
Z 2π √
= 2dt
π
√
= 2π

Q4
a
The height of the fence is given by h(x, y) = 10 − x − y for the quarter circle
x2 + y 2 = 25 where (x, y) > 0. This quarter circle can be parameterized as

2
g(t) = (5cos(t), 5sin(t)) for t ∈ [0, π2 ]. The area, A, is given by
Z
A= hds
C
Z π
2
= (10 − 5cos(t) − 5sin(t))||g0 (t)||dt
0
Z π
2 p
= (10 − 5cos(t) − 5sin(t)) (−5sin(t))2 + (5cos(t))2 dt
0
Z π
2
= 25 (2 − cos(t) − sin(t))dt
0
= 25(π − 2)

b
R
hds
Average height is given by hhi = RC
ds
. The denominator is just the arclength:
C

Z Z π
2 p
ds = (−5sin(t))2 + (5cos(t))2 dt
c 0
5π
=
2
25(π−2) 10(π−2)
Thus, the average height is hhi = 5π = π .
2

Q5
a
3
d X ∂f (g(t)) dgi (t)
h0 (t) = f (g(t)) = = ∇f (g(t)) · g 0 (t) (3)
dt i=1
∂gi (t) dt

b
Note that we know σ 0 (t) = F (σ(t)). Then
d
Φ(σ(t)) = ∇Φ(σ(t)) · σ 0 (t) = −F (σ(t)) · F (σ(t)) = −||F (σ(t))||2 ≤ 0∀t,
dt
(4)
where in the first equality we used (a) and in the second equality the hint.

c
d 1
E = m(a(t) · v(t) + v(t) · a(t)) + ∇V (x(t)) · x0 (t)
dt 2
=ma(t) · v(t) − ma(t) · v(t) = 0, (5)

3
where we used (a) for the first step and the definition of the force in the second.