GROUP IV SCRIPT ON PHILIPPINE CARICATURE

1. Junieva will greet and will introduce everyone.

Junieva: Junieva: Hello Philippines and hello world! I am Junieva Soto, and Welcome to “The Daily
Talk”! With the help of our special guests, we will be discussing the Philippine Cartoons about Political
Caricature of the American Era. Let’s have a round of applause to our guests: Ms. Mallet Gacad, Ms.
Alaine Maneja, Ms. Christine Sarandi. Ms. Donna, Domin-ong, Ms. Lyca Reyes, Ms. Mary Elaine
Valdez, Ms. Rosarie Odonez and Ms. Teshari Gano

2. Introducing of topic and the Author’s Background (Maneja, Gano, Domin-ong, Reyes)
Junieva: Ang aming pong topic is PHILIPINE POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE AMERICAN
ERA (1900-1941) by Alfred McCoy & Alfredo Roces. So sino nga ba ang mga author na ito? At bakit
kaya nila naisipan na gumawa ng Philippine Caricature?
Donna: Dr. Alfred McCoy is a professor of the SouthEast Asian History at the University of Wisconsin
at Madison where he also serves as a director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. He spent the
past quarter-century writing about the politics and history of the opium trade.
Lyca: In addition to that, the writings of McCoy on the region has focused on two topics which were the
Philippine political history and global opium trafficking. The Philippines remains the major focus of his
research. He also spent the past 30 years writing about Southeast Asian history and politics. His
publications include Philippine cartoon which we are going to present to you today.
Alaine: Together with Alfred McCoy, Alfredo Roces also contributed in publishing this book. So who
really is Alfredo Roces? Alfredo Roces was a painter and a notable author of the Philippine art book
whose ability to connect with the readers comes down to how he brings out the fullness of his subject.
He was a painter, a writer and also a teacher.
Teshari: In addition to that, Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the American
era. Filipino artists recorded national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as well as the
changes. Alfredo Roces designed this book and also contributed an essay on Philippine graphic satire of
the period.

3. Historical Background of the Document (Gacad, Valdez, Odonez, Sarandi)

Junieva: Ngayon dumako naman tayo sa Historical Background of the Document.
Mallet: during 1898 after a payment 20 million us dollars to Spain in accordance with the “treaty of
Paris’’ ending the Spanish-American war. When Emilio Aguinaldo declare independence it was opposed
by the U.S. which led to guerrilla war. Hostilities broke out when two private son patrol killed three
Filipino soldier. Killings were committed by both sides. Revolution stopped when they captured
Aguinaldo.
Rosalie: civil government was established with William Howard Taft as the first American governor-
general in the Philippines. English was declared the official language. Six hundred teachers were
imported “Thomasites”. Catholic church was disestablished and amount of church land was purchased
and redistributed. The redistribution of this land properties they pay 7.2 million us dollars to the Vatican.
Mary Elaine: the common wealth government featured a very strong executive, a unicameral national
assembly and a supreme court composed of entirely Filipino for the first time since 1901 with the agenda
of establishing the basis for national defense, greater control over the economy, reforms in the education,
improvement of transport, the colonization of the island of Mindanao, and the promotion of local capital
and industrialization.
 Christine: here are the changes during the American period. In GOVERNMENT there is democracy and
they created 3 branches namely the executive (president), legislative (senate and congress), and judiciary
(DOJ). EDUCATION they opened public schools, schools were also established like UP, Philippine
normal college, and other agricultural schools. RELIGION protestant were introduced and more than
300000 became protestant. State and church is separated and there is freedom of religion.
INFRASTRUCTURE transportation and communication was improved. They built roads, streets, and
bridges. ENTERTAINMENT Hollywood’s movies, music and dance, games. HEALTH AND
SANITATION they thought proper hygiene and value of cleanliness. Hospitals, clinics, and health
centers were established. CLOTHING. FOOD. LIVELIHOOD new industries, increase in agricultural
production and economy improvement. ATTITUDE more frank and humorous, stronger beliefs in rights
and freedom. Pagmamano is change by kissing the checks of parents or elders.

4. Content Presentation and Analysis of the Information contained in the Document

PIC 1- MS. ODONEZ
Salie:Sa unang litrato may makikita tayong tatlong lalaki. Yung Isa na si Dr.Santos na may hawak
hawak na korona na tawagin ay Hari na ipapasa sa isang lalaki na si Dr.Barcelona na kanyang kapatid,
Ang simbolo ng coronang iyon ay mataas na position o power. Yung Isa naman na nakasuot ng salakot
at barong tagalog o kaya'y isang Filipino na pinipigilan Yung Hari na ipasa Ang korona. Bakit Kaya
pinipigilan NG isang Filipino na ipasa Yung korona?
Mallet: Yung isang Filipino pinipigilan niya si Dr.Santos na ibigay yung korona kay Dr.Barcelona dahil
ang dahilan ng Filipino sabi niya it is not his to begin with. Noon kasi hindi pa masyadong naiintindihan
ng mga Filipino kung ano ang democracy. So gusto ng Filipino dito na may maganap pang voting para
sa susunod na magiging hari. Pero ang nangyayari noon na hanggang ngayon nadin is Polotical Dynasty,
na kung saan kung sino ang hari ngayon ay yung kamag-anak or mismong anak naman ang susunod na
mamamahala, kagaya nalang nila Aquino, Marcos at Duterte.
Junieva: Ano nga ba ang masama at magandang dulot ng Political dynasty?
Christine: Sa political dynasty ang masamang dulot nito is kapag hindi maganda ang pamamahala nung
dating namamahala, maaring ganun nadin sa susunod at isa pa hindi mabibigyang pagkakataon na
mamahala ang mga iba na gustong mamahala din lalo na pag deserving talaga. Ang magandang dulot
naman nito kapag maganda ang pamamahala nito, maaring ganun din sa susunod na kamag-anak ang
mangyayari at hindi na siya masyadong mahihirapan kasi may katuwang siya sa pamamahala.
Rosalie: So dapat pag magpapasa tayo ng isang bagay lalo na kapag napaka importante dapat kilatasin
nating maigi kung kaya ba niya itong ingatan or pagdating sa pamimili ng susunod na mamamahala sa
atin dapat vote wisely upang sa huli hindi tayo magsisi at maging maayus ang kalakaran sa ating bansa.
PIC 2- MS. VALDEZ
Elaine: Kung ating titignan ang larawan, yung officer ay hinuhuli yung nagnakaw na bata ng skinny
chicken dahil wala siyang makain at yung lalaking naka- salakot ay kinukuha niya yung atensyon ng
officer at kanyang tinuturo yung warehouse na kung saan maraming magnanakaw at ninanakaw.
Kanilang hinuhuli ay yung mga maliit lang ang ninakaw, dahil ba nasa mababang estado sila?
Samantalang ang mga nagnanakaw ng malaking halaga ay kanilang hindi binibigyan ng pansin, dahil ba
sa nasa mataas na estado sila? Nasasabi dito na ang mga walang kakayahan at kahit maliit lang ang
kanilang kinuha or ninakaw para lang matustusan ang kanilang kailangan gaya na pagkain ay siya pang
kanilang hinuhuli samantalang hindi nila nakikita ang mga matataas na tao sa kanilang mga
pinaggagawa na hindi nakakatulong sa bayan, mga taong malalaking halaga ang kanilang mga
binubulsa. Bakit kung sino pa ang mahihirap na nangangailangan sila pa yung napaparusahan at
napapahirapan samantalang ang mga mayayaman at nakakaangat ay sila pa ang napapaboran.
Teshari: Sinasabi din dito na yung mga taong nasa principalia class ay sila yung mga nakakaranas ng
economic prosperity- having the money necessary to fill their needs and desires, with the opening up ng
Philippine economy sa United State na kung saan sila yung may maayos na pamumuhay, nakakaangat at
nalulutasan ang mga problemang dumadating. Pero ang nakakalungkot dito ay yung mga mahihirap na
Pilipino ay nananatiling mahirap, walang kakayahan at sila'y mga biktima ng mga kontroladong tao.
Junieva: Kung ating ikukumpara sa panahon ngayon, iilan na lamang ang mga ganitong sitwasyon.
Lyca: Tama, iilan na lamang pero may mga sitwasyon din na nananaig ang mga mayayaman dahil sila'y
may kaya sa anumang pagsubok basta't may mataas na estado at may pera. Gaya na lamang ng ating
napapanood at nababalitaan na ang mga nagkakasalang mga mayayaman at may mataas na estado ay
kanilang nalulusutan at nabibigyan ng kalayaan dahil sa pera at impluwensya samantalang yung mga
mahihirap ang nagkakasala, wala silang kakayahan na makalaya dahil sila'y kapos sa pera at nasa
mababang estado lamang at ang iba'y hindi nakapag-aral.

PIC 3- MS. GACAD

Junieva: The next picture is all about colorum, so ano nga ba ang colorum?
Mallet: Colorum is slang for illegal public land transport in the Philipines or these are the unlicensed
vehicles. Because of the American influences, several transportations have been influenced here in our
country, such as submarines, carretelas(kalesa), railways train ancient bull carts, cars and the like. And
because of that automobiles became a popular mode of transportation and ang masaklap fatal accidents
involving colorum and taxis occurred too often already. So ung nakikita naten sa picture na parang
zombie, tapos yung kamay niya nakaturo sa may tao sa harap or the driver, this symbolizes na ang
colorum talaga is mabanganib. Dahil dito malamang hindi lang ang driver ang madidihado pati narin
ung mga nakasakay.
Cristine: Colorum vehicles have long been a problem here in our country. Despite numerous measures
and penalties implemented by various government agencies, there are still colorum vehicles operating
around today.
Junieva: Should we be concerned with colorum vehicles?
Elaine: Ofcourse yes, we should be aware of riding into public transportation vehicles especially if they
are colorums because if they do not have a franchise and are illegal with the LTO and LTFRB, meeting
an accident riding these vehicles means no insurance or an assurance that they will pay the damages they
have caused. At kung may mangyari na sakuna, talagang hindi matutulungan ang mga pasahero
pagdating don sa pagtutugon sa mga nadisgrasya o nainjure, kaya dapat lang na lahat ng sasakyan ang
lisensyado.
Rosalie: If the government agencies on transport do not find ways to create a convenient way for those
drivers to convert into legal transport vehicles, they might just continue on in being transport vehicles,
they might just continue on in being colorums and may multiply even more in the future. Raising fines
for arrested vehicles may not be the solution to this problem and something deeper in the system must be
altered, especially in the process of giving out franchises and the reinforcement of laws by our police
officers.

PIC 4- MS. SOTO

Junieva: this fourth cartoon depicts a cinema. As you can see in the picture the youngsters looked
horrified because imagine that at the young age of 8 and above you accidentally watch a spg scenes
ofcourse you don't even know that because youngsters are having their milk in their mouth, so in that
case they need to watch a movie that match to their age not a very mature one. Because it will give the
child curiosity about that scenes, that maybe they can also do the same……………………………..

PIC 5- MS. SARANDI

Junieva: now let's move on into the next caricature. As you can see there are people pulling the chariot
while a man is riding on it. So what do you think, what's really happening on that caricature?
Christine: The man riding the chariot is William Howard Taft. A little background about him he was
one of the first head of Philippine Commission which he was given a legislative power by President
McKinley that time. He also became Governor-General. During his time lots of laws has made and
revised which in favor of the pilipino people specially laws about education and more. When President
McKinley has been assassinated President Roosevelt demand Taft to comeback to U.S. and became one
of his Cabinet members which Taft agreed to. When he came back in 1907 pilipinos welcomed him.
Because pilipino loves him very much the welcoming is grand and as you can see in the caricature the
students of liceo de Manila carry him or pulling the chariot.
Rosalie: there are lots of symbolism that you can see in the caricature like the bird that's in front of the
chariot. That bird symbolises freedom.
Mallet: but that freedom is controlled by the Americans. You can see that there are metal piece that
connects the students and chariot which controlled the students. they may had freed us from the
Spaniards through treaty of Paris, but they took over the spot of the Spaniards.
Mary Elaine: the things that the students hold symbolises that that we are slowly being controlled by
the Americans. through little things that they gave we also becoming like them. Their culture is slowly
becoming parts of us through those things.

PIC 6- MS. MANEJA

Alaine: Makikita natin sa larawang ito na may isang lalaki na nagbibigay ng lugaw sa mga taong
naghihintay sa harapan niya. Meron ding mga tao na naghihintay lamang sa sulok. Ang lugaw na
binibigay ng mga Amerikano ay kung ano ang alam nila tungkol sa politics and democracy. Ang aso
naman na nasa gilid ay ang mga tao na sunud-sunuran sa gobyerno ng America.
Donna: Ang mga taong nakakatanggap ng lugaw na kung ano lang ang naibigay sa kanila ay yun
lamang ang kanilang kakainin. Kung ano ang itinuro ng mga Amerikano, yun lang din ang sinusunod
nila dahil walang magkrikritik sa kanila.
Teshari: Yung mga tae naman sa gilid, sila yung mga naghihintay kung sino ang mas magiging malakas
na partido at doon sila kakampi. Lilipat sila doon sa alam nilang mabebenifit sila kahit na may partido
na sila. Kumbaga, wala silang loyalty sa kanilang partido, basta maging malakas lang sila.
Lyca: Kung ihahalintulad natin ang present sa past, ganitong ganito din ang nangyayari sa ating politics
ngayon dito sa ating bansa, laging lumilipat yung mga sa ibat ibang partido para lamang makakuha ng
attention na mga tao. Dahil dito, nanalo ang mga hindi dapat na nanalo.

PIC 7- MS. DOMIN-ONG

Donna: in this seventh picture, makikita natin ang hindi pantay na pagtrato ng nga Amerikano sa nga
Pilipino lalong lalo na pagdating sa bigayan ng sweldo. We can see here na ang buhay o trabaho nitong
Amerikano ay madali at maginhawa lamang dahil kumpleto siya sa kagamitan. Kagamitan na
nakatutulong sa kanila upang mas mapadali ang kanilang trabaho. Nakakapagtrabaho pa sila na sila
mismo ang pipili kung anong oras sila magtratrabaho. Nakakapagtrabaho pa sila habang may hithit na
sigarilyo. Dito natin makikita na BIAS ang nga Ameikano noon sa ating nga Pilipino. Ginawa nila
tayong mga alipin at utus utusan ngunit hindi tama ang bayad na ating natatanggap.
Christine: Sa PIlipino naman, makikita natin ang hirap at pagod sa mukha at katawan niya dahil na rin
sa kadahilanang salat siya sa kagamitan at sobrang babad sa init ng araw. Makikita rin natin na sobrang
payat nito at isa sa posibleng dahilan ay ang kulang na sweldo na kanyang natatanggap sa kanyang
pagtatrabaho. Hindi sapat ang kanyang sweldo upang makabili ng bagong damit na gagamitin niya sa
trabaho at hindi rin sapat para sa kanyang pang araw araw na pagkain.
Rosalie: Dito natin makikita kung gaano ka BIAS ang mga Amerikano noon dahil ang sweldong
kanilang natatanggap noon ay 5 dollars sa isang araw o katumbas ng sampung piso sa KANILANG
PANAHON habang ang nga Pilipino naman ay isang piso lamang ang kanilang sweldo sa isang araw na
kung tutuusin ay sila pa ang mas nahihirapan at mas babad sa araw kaysa sa mga Amerikano. Nakapa
hindi makatarungan ang mga Amerikano sa mga Pilipino noon dahil kung pagbabasehan sa kanilang
sahod ay hindi deserve ng mga Pilipino ang ganon kaliit na sweldo.
Teshari: So paano nga ba natin ito maihahalintulad sa ating panahon ngayon ? Isang halimbawa nito ay
sa kalagayan ng nga estudyante sa paaralan. May nga estudyante na akala mo ay napakadali lahat para
sakanila pero halos nangongopya rin lang ang ginagawa at may nga estudyante naman na masisipag
mag- aral. Napakaunfair sa mga estudyanteng nag aaral ng mabuti pero sapat lang na grado ang kanilang
natatanggap kaysa doon sa estudyanteng puro kopya pero ang taas ng grado. Sa simpleng halimbawa
nito ay makikita natin ang hindi pantay at hindi makatarungan na gawain ng mga estudyante. Ganoon
din ang nangyari sa pagitan ng mga Amerikano at Pilipino.
Mallet: Isang halimbawa pa na dapat ay nilulunasan at binibigyang pansin ng ating gobyerno ay ang
buhay ng ating mga magsasaka. Ang mga magsasaka ang dahilan kung bakit mayroon tayong nakakain
sa ating pang araw araw pero sila mismo ang lubos na nahihirapan dahil sila mismo ay walang makain at
maihain sa kanilang pamilya. Hindi rin sapat ang kanilang kinikita sa pagsasaka makikita natin na ang
presyo ng bigas ay hindi rin makatarungan para sakanila habang ang ibang mga negosyante at mga
politiko ay yumayaman dahil sa korapsyon at ilegal na gawain.

PIC 8- MS. REYES

Junieva: Bisa ng Bulong! Ano naman kaya ang ipinapahiwatig ng caricature na ito?
Lyca: Sa caricature na ito, yung bumubulong ay isang Amerikano at yung binubulungan is isang
Filipino. Yung Filipinong ito siya ang namamahala sa mga kapwa niya Filipino. Kasi during American
period the Americans are slowly controlling our minds in the sense that kung ano lang ang sinabi nila
yun at yun lang ang sinusunod naten. Gumagamit sila ng ibang tao para magawa yon. Pinaniwala nila
tayong tutulungan nila tayo pero yun pala yung istrumento para mapasunod tayo.
Teshari: So yung bias ng bulong, maaring may maganap din ditong suhol para makagawa ng illegal na
gawain. Maihahalintulad ito sa kasalukuyan na kung saan ang mga may matataas ang position ang
sinusuhulan. Kagaya nalang sa mga entity or company kapag nais nilang dayain ang account ng isang
company babayaran nila ang kanilang accountant para lang may maibulsa.
Donna: Isang halimbawa pa ay sa mga politiko, sinusuhulan nila ang mga nakatataas para makakuha ag
ating mga kayamanan tulad ng pagmimina at pagpuputol ng mga punong kahoy na kadalasang ginagawa
ng mga foreigner.
Junieva: Kaya mahalaga pag nakapag aral ka tapos may faithful sa ating Panginoon para manaig ang
mga mabubuting gawain.
 PIC 9- MS. TESHARI
Teshari: So makikita natin sa pang-siyam na picture na ito ang tatlong lalaki kung saan ang
nakahiwalay na isang tao ay si Juan de la Cruz who was being dragged by another person along by neck
as he vomits pesos. Makikita natin na siya ay sobrang payat na at sirang sira ang kaniyang damit dahil
mostly ng perang pinaghirapan niya ay napupunta sa buwis at hindi alintana ng dalawa kahit walang
matira sa kanya. Ang perang nailuluwa niya ay sumisimbolo sa binabayarang buwis ng mga Pilipino
kung kaya’t masasabi natin na sinisimbolo ni Juan de la Cruz mismo ang mga Filipino taxpayers.
Alaine: While the other two persons in that illustration represents the two of the most visible American
corporation during the US rule which were the Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Company and the Manila
Electric Road Railway and Light Company. The bag of money that the two persons were holding
symbolizes the taxes paid by the Filipinos that they are going to use in a port project for Manila. It is
because the cost of the port project was equivalent to 1/3 of total insular government revenues.
Lyca: However, sinasabi dito that since all revenues came from Filipino taxpayers, nationalists were
outraged at seeing that Filipinos were barred from any participation in the development of their own
country’s infrastructure. When in fact, we should be the one given the opportunity to participate since it
concerns our own country but what happened was the American was given the opportunity in the major
construction program of the port project.
Donna: Makikita natin sa baba ng picture ang quotation or sentence na "ANG TAONG BAYAN- kaya
pala hindi matapos tapos ang sinasabing paghihirap ng munisipyo ay may alaga siyang matabain. Kung
ganito nga eh, hindi matapos tapos ang panglilitis ko!" Kung ii-interpret natin ito base sa nangyayari
ngayon sa ating gobyerno na problemang hanggang ngayon hindi pa rin nareresolba, ang dalawang tao
na may hawak na pera sa cartoon ay sumisimbolo sa mga corrupt na opisyal ng gobyerno na
kinakamkam ang pera ng bayan para sa pansariling nilang interest na dapat sana ay napupunta sa mga
proyekto na makakatulong sa mga mamamayan at yung si Juan de la Cruz ay sumisimbolo naman sa
mga Filipino taxpayers.
Mallet: And this cartoon also shows some of the reasons why some projects or infrastructures are not
immediately done or finished due to some people working under the municipal of every province. Thus,
instead of using the budget intended for a proposed project, some tend to use these on other unimportant
things and exploit the money which came from the Filipino taxpayer.
Christine: Kaya maiinterpret din natin sa cartoon na ito na ang mga mahihirap ay lalong humihirap
samantalang ang mga mayayaman naman ay lalong yumayaman.

5. Contribution and Relevance of the Document to our understanding of Philippine History

(Junieva)
-relevance of using caricatures
- the contribution and relevance of the book Philippine Cartoons by Alfred Mccoy and Alfredo Roses is
that they open the eyes of Filipinos in the American era by making Political Caricature that targets
persons that have powers and authority in american era and this become an effective tool in fighting the
American era because through using a symbolic characteristic in the caricatures, the filipinos see what
they become that they become a slaves to americans……………………………………………….

6. Learning Experiences (each member)

-from the document
-from the activity (preparing until reporting)
-cooperation, patient in reading, good communication, understanding of delay, respect ideas
-gusto ang history depended sa teacher then pag pogi