Philippine Cartoons: Political

Caricature of the American Era

(1900-1941)
By: Alfred McCoy

GROUP 4
MALLONGA, Alexandra Gwenn
SENETE, Jenna Mae
NAVELINO, Ann
RAMOS, Gerard Christopher
BUENO, John Rustie
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Objectives

Outline

Content

Analysis

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9/20/2021
 OBJECTIVES x

Objectives • To be able to give you a wide idea about the

art of political cartoons and caricature;

• To explain how the cartoons became an

Outline effective tool to publicize opinions;

• To know how the Americans intervened in

our country and;
Content
• To know how the "conservative" changed
unto "liberated" future of the Philippines

Analysis

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Presentation’s Goal 9/20/2021
 OUTLINE x
Objectives I. Introduction
- What is a Political Cartoon and Caricature
- Brief discussion about the primary source
Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American
Outline Era of Alfred McCoy.

II. Body
- Discussion of the selected Philippine political caricatures
Content
III. Conclusion
- Analysis of the political caricatures during the American period.

Analysis

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Flow of the topic 9/20/2021
 Content x

Objectives

Introduction Selected Political Summary

Caricatures

Outline

Content

Analysis

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What to discuss 9/20/2021
 INTRODUCTION x

Objectives POLITICAL CARTOON

- is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public

figures, expressing the artist's opinion.
Outline

CARICATURE
- is a rendered image showing the features of its
Content
subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through
sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic
drawings
Analysis

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What to discuss 9/20/2021
 INTRODUCTION x
POLITICAL CARTOON AND CARICATURE AS
Objectives
ONE
- This art form became a part of the print media as
a form of social and political commentary, which
usually targets persons of power and authority.
Outline - It became an effective tool of publicizing
opinions through the heavy use of symbolism,
which is different from a verbose written
Content editorial and opinion pieces.
- Commentaries in mass media inevitably shape
public opinion and such kind of opinion is worthy
of historical examination.
Analysis

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What to discuss 9/20/2021
 INTRODUCTION x
Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricatures of the American Era
Objectives • Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces
• Composed of 377 cartoons and 369 pages.
• Formed the University of Michigan and published by Vera Reyes on 1985.

Outline With the help Alfredo Roces, who designed the book and contributed an
essay on Philippine graphic satire during the American era, Alfred McCoy was
able to publish Philippine Cartoons as a secondary source of different political
caricatures drawn during the said period.
Content
• Dr. Alfred W. McCoy is a professor of the Southeast Asian History at the
University of Wisconsin at Madison
• Director of the Center for SE Asian Studies.
Analysis • Politics and history of the opium trade.

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What to discuss 9/20/2021
 A PUBLIC POST IS NOT A HEREDITARY CROWN x
Objectives
Published in The Independent
on May 20, 1916. The cartoon
shows a politician from Tondo,
named Dr. Santos, passing his
Outline crown to his brother-in-law, Dr.
Barcelona. A filipino guy (as
depicted wearing salakot and
barong tagalog) was trying to
Content stop Santos, telling the latter to
stop giving Barcelona the
crown because it is not his to
begin with.
Analysis

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What’s the message of it
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 WAR AGAINST THE SPECULATORS! x
Published by The Independent on 16th
Objectives June, 1917. This was drawn by Fernando
Amorsolo and was aimed as a commentary
to the workings of Manila Police at that
period. Here, we see a Filipino child who
Outline store a skinny chicken because he had
nothing to eat. The police officer was
relentlessly pursuing the said child. A man
wearing a salakot, labeled Juan de la Cruz
was grabbing the officer, telling him to
Content leave the small-time pickpockets and
thieves and to turn at the great thieves
instead. He was pointing to huge
warehouse containing bulks of rice, milk,
Analysis and grocery products.

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What’s the message of it
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 DEATH CARS COCHES MORTALES x
Objectives
A commentary on the
unprecedented cases of
colorum automobiles in the
Outline city streets. The Philippine
Free Press published this
commentary when fatal
accidents involving colorum
Content
vehicles and taxis occurred too
often already.

Analysis

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What’s the message of it
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 FLAMING YOUTH ARDIENTE JUVENTUD x
This imagery depicts its setting inside
Objectives
a theater. Shown in the big screen is
an officer that emphasizes the
prohibition of PDA’s (Public Display of
Affections) inside when the film is
Outline
being showed. The young couple in
the picture appeared to be bemused
to the heeds written in the screen,
while the elderly couple in the front is
Content
are laughing hilariously and is
entertained to the reaction of the
aforementioned couple that is behind
Analysis them.

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What’s the message of it
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 HUMAN CHARIOT x
This cartoon shows the personification of
Objectives
America himself that is Uncle Sam riding
a chariot that is pulled by a bunch of
Filipino men wearing school uniform
while holding items such as baseball bats
Outline and whiskey, with these items being
object that scream quite loudly
“American.” According to Mccoy, this
cartoon was based on an event back in
Content 1907 when William H. Taft was brought
to the Manila Pier riding a chariot being
pulled by students from Liceo de Manila.
This action was severely detested by
Analysis nationalists at that time.

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What’s the message of it
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 EL TURNO DE LOS PARTIDOS x
Published by Lipang Kalabaw on
Objectives
August 24, 1907. In the picture, we
can see Uncle Sam rationing
porridge to the politicians and
Outline
members of the Progresista Party
(sometimes known as the Federalista
Party) while members of the
Nacionalista Party look on and wait
Content for their turn. This cartoon depicts
the patronage of the United States
being coveted by politicians from
either of the party.
Analysis

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What’s the message of it
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 SUMMARY x

Objectives Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricatures of the

American era, is a book written by Alfred McCoy, with
the help of Alfredo Roces with its content that talks
about the political cartoons that were drawn in the
Outline
time of the American colonization. Uncle Sam as the
personification of the United States and Juan Dela Cruz
the man who wears salakot as a righteous man. It talks
Content freely about the situations our fellow Filipinos had
during that time, and the intervention of the
Americans to our country.
Analysis

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What to discuss 9/20/2021
 ANALYSIS x
- The transition from the Spanish Colonial period to the American Occupation period
Objectives demonstrated different strands of changes and shifts in culture, society, and politics.
The Americans drastically introduced democracy to the nascent nation and the
consequences were far from ideal.
- Filipinos were introduced to different manifestations of modernity like healthcare,
modern transportation, and media.
Outline - The post-independence and the post-Filipino-American period in the Philippines
were experienced differently by Filipinos coming from different classes.
- The upper principalia class experienced economy to the United States but the
majority of the poor Filipino remained poor, desperate, and victims of state
repression.
Content
- Paints a broad image of society and politics under the United States.
- Filipinos paid for the democracy modeled after the Americans.
- Patronage also became influential and powerful
- The essence of competing political parties to enforce choices among the voters was
Analysis cancelled out.

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Presentation’s Goal 9/20/2021
 ANALYSIS x
- The transition form a catholic-centered, Spanish-Filinipino society to an imperial
Objectives American-assimilated one, and its complications, were also depicted in the cartoons.
- Automobiles became a popular mode of transportation in the city and led to the
emergence of taxis. However, the laws and policy implementation was mediocre.
This resulted in the increasing colorum and unlicensed vehicles transporting people
around the city.
Outline - “Sexual Revolution“ that occured in the 1930s. Young people, as early as that
period, disturbed the conservative Filipino mindset by engaging in daring sexual
activities in public spaces like cinemas.
- Illustrated the conditions of poor Filipinos in the Philippines now governed by the
United States.
Content
- Police authorities oppress petty Filipino criminals while turning a blind eye on
hoarders who monopolize goods in their huge warehouse
- Americans controlled Filipinos through seemingly harmless American objects. By
controlling their consciousness and mentality, Americans got to control and
Analysis subjugate Filipinos.

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Presentation’s Goal 9/20/2021
 ASSESSMENT
1. “War against the speculators” on June 16, 1917. This was drawn by
Fernando Amorsolo and was aimed as commentary to the working of
manila police at that period.
2. During the American era, Filipinos became a follower of Americans,
wherein Americans can do anything they wanted to do with the Filipinos.
3. Caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a
simplified or exaggerated way.
4. Comics is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing
the artist's opinion.
5. Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era is composed of
367 cartoons.
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 ASSIGNMENT

WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CARICATURE

DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD IN THE
PHILIPPINES?

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