Mid-Term Assignment

In partial fulfillment in Readings in Philippine History CN 5092

By:

FORMENTERA, ALONDRA

February 22, 2021

1. Who are the three eyewitnesses who gave an accounts regarding the First Cry
of Revolution? Why are these three witnesses cited different dates and place of
the "First Cry"?

The Fist Cry of the Revolution stays unsolved because of the various dates and places
that were referenced by various observers of the occasion. These incorporate Pio
Valenzuela's "Cry of Pugad Lawin", Santiago Alvarez's "The Cry of Bahay Toro and
Guillermo Masangkay's "The Cry of Balintawak".

The Philippine Revolution of 1896 was prevalently known as the "First Cry". This was
the primary move of the Filipino to initiate the upheaval for autonomy. It took place after
the Spanish specialists found the presence of a mysterious progressive government or
Katipunan.

The contention with respect to this occasion existed in distinguishing the date and spot,
when or where the cry occurred. There are three observers of the occasion who refered
to various dates and spot where the occasion occurred.

1) Dr. Pio Valenzuela

He was one of the authorities of Katipunan and a friend of Andres Bonifacio - the
organizer of the Katipunan. He was available during the occasion and distributed his
account as "Journals of Revolution". As indicated by Valenzuela, the principal cry of
transformation occurred at Pugadlawin, in the storage facility and yard of Juan Ramos,
the child of Melchora Aquino, who later turned into the mother of Katipunan on August
23, 1896. Those present were tearing their cedulas and yelled, "Long Live the
Philippines".

Cry of Pugad Lawin

One of the enduring observers of the Cry of Pugad Lawin, and this is affirmed by the
rundown drawn up by Guillermo Masangkay.

Just specialist taking an interest in the cry and not known for having perfect memory.
This is shown with his memories of his gathering with Rizal at Dapitan, months before
the dispatch of the Revolution. His confounding assertions tossed uncertainty to the cry
itself.In his first form, he said that the Cry was in Balintawak on Wednesday of August
26, 1896. Afterward, he composed his Memoirs of the Revolution and guaranteed that
the Cry occurred at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

2) Santiago Alvarez – one of the heads of the Cavite Revolution The record of Santiago
Alvarez was distributed in the week by week Tagalog magazine Sampaguita. The
arrangement was subsequently distributed as a book named "The Katipunan and the
Upheaval", which was meant English by Paula Carolina Malay. In view of this account,
The First Cry occurred in "Bahay Toro" on August 24, 1896. There were wild yells for
the individuals who were there "Long Live the Sons of the People".

Cry of Bahay Toro

Another adaptation of the cry which dispatched the Philippine transformation is

composed by Santiago Alvarez. Alvarez was not an onlooker of the memorable
occasion. In spite of the fact that he was in Cavite around then, this is his variant of the
principal cry.

Sunday, August 23, 1896

As ahead of schedule as 10 AM, at the animal dwelling place of Kabesang Melchora

[Melchora Aquino.] at a spot called Sampalukan, barrio of bahay Toro, katipuneros got
together around 500 of these showed up.

Monday, August 24, 1896

There were around 1,000 kapituneros. The "Supremo" chose to hold a gathering inside
the huge barn.Under his administration, the gathering started at 10 oclock toward the
beginning of the day. It was 12 o clock early afternoon when the gathering dismissed in
the midst of uproarious cries of "Long live the children of the Country" (Mabuhay ang
mga anak ng bayan).

3) Guillermo Masangkay – he was a companion and individual Katipunero of Andres

Bonifacio.

Cry of Balintawak

The primary cry of transformation occurred in Balintawak, at the place of Apolonio

Samson, on August 26, 1896. 9 AM, the governing body held a gathering for the last
date of uprising. Bonifacio went outside the lobby and conversed with individuals
holding up outside. 5 PM, Spaniards were coming to them as their association was
found and they are totally stamped men. Asserted cédulas were torn more than once.
(August 24 and August 26).

The Sunday Tribune magazine made a meeting to Masangkay in which he described

that the First Cry of Revolution occurred in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. He said that
individuals who present in the said occasion pulled out their cedulas and tore them to
pieces. As needs be, it was the start of the conventional announcement of battle by the
Filipinos against the Spaniards
 2. How does the National Historical Commission of the Philippines verify the
accounts given by these three witnesses?

As per National Historical Commission of the Philippines confirmation of the records

given by these three observers

The accounts notice catches, get away, recovers, killings of Katipunan individuals; the
cross examination of Chinese government operatives; the appearance of arms in
Meycauyan, Bulacan; the discussion with Teodoro Plata and others; the choice to go
war; the yelling of trademark; tearing of cedulas; the sending of letters leaders of
Sanggunian and balangay chambers; the appearance of common watchman; the
deficiency of Katipunan assets during the encounter. Every one of these occasions, and
numerous others, establish the start of cross country insurgency.

The Cry, should be characterized as that defining moment when the Filipinos at long
last dismissed Spanish pioneer domain over the Philippine Islands, by officially
comprising their own public government, and by contributing a bunch of pioneers with
power to start and guide the unrest towards the foundation of sovereign country.

The above realities render unsuitable the authority stand that the defining moment of
the upset was the tearing of cedulas in the "Cry of Pugad Lawin" on 23 August 1896, in
the Juan Ramos' home in "Pugad Lawin" Bahay Toro isn't checked because of various
dates and records doesn’t match.

In addition, National Historical Commission of the Philippines added that the occasions
of 17-26 August 1896 happened nearer to Balintawak than to Kalookan. Customarily,
individuals alluded to the "Cry of Balintawak" since that barrio was a preferable realized
reference point over Banlat.

Regardless, "Pugad Lawin" isn't historiographically irrefutable outside of the assertions

of Pio Valenzuela during the 1930s and after. In Philippine Historical Association round-
table conversation in February this year, an extraordinary granddaughter of Tandang
Sora fought the utilization of toponym "Pugad Lawin" which, she said, alluded to a birds
of prey home on top of a tall sampaloc tree at Gulod, the most noteworthy raised zone
close to Balintawak.

The foundation of a progressive or the facto government that was conservative in

desire, the assignment of Bonifacio as the Kataastaasang Pangulo (Supreme
Presiddent), the appointment of the individuals from his bureau priests and Sanggunian
and Balangay heads which approved these moves met in Tandang Sora's stable close
to Pasong Tamo Road, in sitio Gulod, barrio Banlat then under the ward of the district of
Kalookan. This occurred at around early afternoon of Monday, 24 August 1896.
Therefore, National Historical Commission of the Philippines concluded that the
Accounts of Velenzuela, Alvarez and Masangkay isn't verified and still a debate on who
should have been verified up until this date.

3. Watch the video entitled "Xiao Time": Ang unang Sigaw ng Himagsikan sa
Balintawak, Kalookan posted by PTV and answer this question: Is there a chance
that all sources are valid? Why?

Watching the video therefore conclude that until now, Filipino historians aren't sure
about the exact time and date of the It clearly says that the historians are confused
about where and when the first cry of the Katipunan occurred. The possible dates and
locations are in Kangkong on August 22, Pugad Lawin on August 23, Bahay Toro on
August 24, and Balintawak on August 26. It is agreed however that it was definitely in
the year 1896. What makes matters more confusing is that all these locations are in the
vicinity of each other. It was noted that at the time Bonifacio and his men were always
on the move to avoid the Spaniards, making any of the locations and dates feasible.

The idea of the "Unang Sigaw ng Himagsikan" is very vague, and was a label given to
the event long after it occurred. It is entirely possible that Bonifacio gave many
impassioned speeches as he moved from location to location. Perhaps for the
witnesses, this was their own start to the war. However, given that there are common
elements across the accounts like the tearing of the cedulas and the official declaration
of revolution that could have only really happened once, we cannot say that all the
sources are valid.

I learned that the first battles of the revolution, at least after it was officially declared,
we’re victories for the Katipuneros. This is very impressive, although they were many in
number, their weapons were very basic. Another interesting piece of information was
that rich Filipinos like Apolonio Samson and Melchora Aquino supported the revolution
with their resources. We see the revolution as a movement of the poor masses, but this
shows that even the upper class wished to revolt. When doing more research for this
assessment, I also learned that the reason Bonifacio asked his men to tear their
cedulas was because some were afraid to start the revolution early. Without their
cedulas, they could not wait for a later date to start the revolution as they would be
arrested by the Spanish.