Internal Combustion Laboratory

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

Experiment No 05
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Energy Auditing and volumetric efficiency of a C.I
Engine

OBJECTIVE: 1) Energy auditing of Mahindra Diesel Engine

2) Volumetric efficiency of Mahindra Diesel Engine

SPECIFICATION: Engine test set up 4- cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine.

ENGINE: Mahindra make, model DI475, type 4-cylinder, 4- stroke diesel engine, water-
cooled, power 31kw at 2300 rpm. Stroke length- 96 mm, cylinder bore- 88.9mm, 2386 cc,
compression ratio- 18:1

DYNAMOMETER: Hydraulic dynamometer

DESCRIPTION: The set-up consists of 4-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine connected to

hydraulic type dynamometer for loading. It is provided with necessary instruments for
combustion pressure and crank angle measurements. These signals are interfaced to computer
through engine

Indicator for p-v diagram. provision is also made for interfacing airflow , fuel flow ,
temperatures and load measurements. The setup has stand alone panel box consisting of
air box , fuel tank manometer, fuel measuring unit, transmitter for air and fuel flow
measurements, engine interface and engine indicator. Rotameter are provided for cooling
water and calorimeter water flow measurement. The setup enables study of engine
performance for brake power, indicated power, frictional power, power, BMEP, IMEP, brake
thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, volumetric
efficiency, specific fuel consumption, A/F ratio and heat balance. Windows based engine
performance analysis software package "Engine Soft" is provided for on line performance
evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Out of the supplied only a portion is converted into useful work.
The purpose of a heat balance is to find out how the total heat of the fuel consumed
in a particular time say 1 minute is apportioned and how much unaccounted loss is
there.

Conversion into useful work

Fraction of heat in fuel is converted into B.H.P.

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 Internal Combustion Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

Heat loss in friction

B.H.P. And I.H.P. Note down from engine software table.

F.H.P. = I.H.P. - B.H.P.

The heat loss in F.H.P. Can be calculated by converting it to the heat unit.

Heat carried away by exhaust gases

Exhaust gas value has been mentioned in the engine software table.

Heat carried away by cooling water

The cooling water inlet and outlet pipes are provided with thermocouples and the
respective temperature are registered on the test bench. These readings are taken after a
steady state has been reached. The rate of flow of water can be observed on water
meter of the test bench or by actual measurement.

Heat carried away by cooling water/min= (weight of cooling water per minute
*difference of outlet and inlet temperature)

Heat lost by radiation and other unaccounted

Losses are calculated by difference.

Heat supplied by fuel per minute

Heat in fuel per sec= (mass of fuel * calorific value in kcal).

Performance of I.C. engine

1. Indicated thermal efficiency

indicated power ( KW ¿ )∗3600

ƞIth=
fuel flow( )
Kg
hr
∗calorific value(
KJ
Kg
)

2. Brake thermal efficiency

brake power ( KW )∗3600

ƞbth=
fuel flow ( )
Kg
hr
∗calorific value(
KJ
Kg
)

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 Internal Combustion Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

3. Mechanical efficiency

brake power
ƞmech=
indicated power

4. Volumetric efficiency

mass of air consumed

ƞvol = fill t h e swept volume ¿
mass of air ¿

5. Specific fuel consumption

BSFC and ISFC are the fuel consumption based on brake power and indicated power
respectively.

6. Fuel -air ratio

F volume of fuel
=
A volume of air

7. Calorific value or heating value

It is the energy released per unit quantity of the fuel, when the combustible is burned.

NT
power = (KW)
60000

Where, T=torque in Nm

N= speed in rpm

8. Mean effective pressure and torque

p ℑ∗L∗A∗n∗K
ip =
60∗1000

Where,

Ip=indicated power (KW)

L=length of stroke (m)

A=area of piston (m2)

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 Internal Combustion Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

N=speed in revolutions per minute (rpm)

n=number of power strokes

K=no. of cylinders

pim=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2)

OBSERVATION TABLE

Speed Load T1c T2c T3c T4c T5c T6c Fuel Air F1 F2 F3 F4
(RPM) (kg) Cc/ mmwc Kg/h Kg/h lph lph
m

Torque BP FP IP BMEP IMEP BTHE ITHE SFC Vol.eff A/F

(kgf-m) (kw) (kw) (kw) (bar) (bar) (%) (%) (kg/kwh) (%)

Heat Balance Sheet

Load HBP HGas (%) HJW RAD (%)