Name of the experiment HEAT BALANCE ON 4S DIESEL ENGINE

BY ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER

Exp. No.- 6 IC Engine Lab.(ME692)
Date of Issue: Instruction Manuals
Date of Submission: Page 1 of 3

Objective:
To calculate the different losses encountered in the IC engine operation and also to
prepare the heat balance sheet and to calculate the uncounted loss.
Theory of operation:
A Heat Balance Sheet is an account of heat supplied and heat utilized in various ways of
the system. Necessary information concerning the performance of the engine is obtained
from the heat balance.
The performance of engine is generally given by heat balance Sheet .The main
components of the heat balance are
a) Heat equivalent to the effective (brake) work of the engine
b) Heat equivalent to the friction.
c) Heat rejected to the cooling water.
d) Heat carried by exhaust gas.
e) Uncounted heat due to radiation, incomplete combustion etc.

Tools required:

Sl Tools required Specification

No.
1 Single Cylinder 4 - stroke Diesel engine with 5 hp , 1500 rpm and variable
Dynamometer speed arrangement .

Calculations:-
Measurement of mass flow rate of Fuel ( mf ):
Volume  fuel  0.848  3600
Mass flow rate of Fuel ( mf ) = Kg / hr
timeSec   1000
Volume  fuel  0.848
= Kg / Sec
timeSec   1000
Measurement of Brake Power ( BP ):
 D  d  2N 
BP = W  S   Watt
 2  60 
Where
W = Dead Load (N)
S = Spring Balance reading on the slack side of Rope (N)
D = Diameter of Brake drum (300 mm = 0.3 m)
d = Diameter of rope (16 mm= 0.016 m)
N = 1500 rpm
Name of the experiment HEAT BALANCE ON 4S DIESEL ENGINE
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering & Management
 BY ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER
Exp. No.- 6 IC Engine Lab.(ME692)
Date of Issue: Instruction Manuals
Date of Submission: Page 2 of 3

Measurement of Friction Power ( FP ): (from the Willan’s Line)

Measurement of Indicated Power ( IP ):
Indicated Power is nothing but the sum of BP and FP. IP = BP + FP.
Measurement of Different Temperatures:
T1 = Water inlet to engine and Calorimeter.
T2 = Water outlet from engine jacket.
T3 = Water outlet from Calorimeter.
T4 = Exhaust gas inlet to Calorimeter.
T5 = Exhaust gas outlet to Calorimeter.
T6 = Ambient temperature.
Measurement of Different Heat Losses:
Heat Input ( Qin ) = mf x CV ( 100 % ) where CV= Calorific value of Diesel ( 43000
KJ/Kg )
Heat Equivalent to BP(Q1) = BP/Qin ( % )
Heat carried away by jacket cooling water used for cooling the engine ( Q2 )
 m1  C pW  T2  T1  
Q2    %
 Qin 
where m1 = Mass flow rate of cooling water in the jacket ( Kg/sec )
Cpw = Specific Heat at Constant Pressure for Water ( 4.182 KJ/KgK )
Heat carried away by Calorimeter cooling water ( Q3 )
 m2  C pW  T3  T1  
Q3    %
 Q in 
where
m2 = mass flow rate of cooling water for calorimeter ( Kg/sec )
Cpw = Specific Heat at Constant Pressure for Water ( 4.182 KJ/KgK )
Heat Carried away by Exhaust Gas ( Q4 )

Q4  
 
 m f  ma C pG  T5  T6  
 %
 Q 
 in 
where
ma = Air flow rate = 0.021 H , H = Height of the manometric fluid in mt.
CpG = Specific heat of gas at constant pressure ( 1.005 KJ/KgK )
Uncounted Loss ( Q5 )
 Q  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4 
Q5   in  %
 Qin 

Name of the experiment HEAT BALANCE ON 4S DIESEL ENGINE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering & Management
 BY ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER
Exp. No.- 6 IC Engine Lab.(ME692)
Date of Issue: Instruction Manuals
Date of Submission: Page 3 of 3

Experiment Procedure:

 Put sufficient diesel in diesel tank.

 Check oil level in the engine with the help of dipstick. Also check the cooling water.
 Now start the engine. Let it come to constant speed.
 Load the engine by loading weight.
 Read down various observations like Load, fuel consumption, water flow rate, various
temperatures etc.
 Repeat the procedure at different loads.
 Complete the observation table.
 A graph has to be prepared to show the various losses vs BP.

Observation Table

Sl. W(Kg) S(Kg) Time Manometer T1(0C) T2(0C) T3(0C) T4(0C) T5(0C) T6(0C)
No (Sec) reading (m)

Data Sheet

Sl.No Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

Sample Questions:
1. What are the different types of Dynamometer and what is its usefulness?
2. What is the physical significance of Friction power?
3. What are the different losses in engines?
4. Define volumetric efficiency and explain why it is an important parameter for
determining the engine performance?
5. What is the physical significance of uncounted loss?
6. What is the effect of all these losses with respect to the design of IC Engine?

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering & Management