2-STROKE PETROL ENGINE

AIM: To study the performance of the given single cylinder 2-stroke Petrol Engine.

Theory:
The Prime movers using petroleum products as the source of energy are being
increasingly important in the modern world. It is needless to say that the countless number of
examples of these prime movers are being used right from household captive power to
hauling of aircrafts. The prime movers using petroleum products fall into two categories, viz.,
Reciprocating & Rotary (Turbine) Engines.

The Reciprocating engines are commonly used ones, further divided into Diesel,
Petrol, Paraffin, Kerosene, gas driven ones. While the rest are discussed elsewhere in
standard text books, the Petrol engine which is of our present concern fall into the category of
compression ignition prime mover which produces maximum power for minimum range as
compared to any other reciprocating prime movers.

The understanding of speed Vs load, Petrol Consumption Vs Load per unit time
(Specific Fuel Consumption = SFC) and Efficiency is important from application point of
view to get the maximum benefit at minimum cost. The following paragraphs deal with the
engine and the test.

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS:

The test rig consists of Single Cylinder Two Stroke Petrol Engine – Bajaj Chetak
make of air cooled, spark ignition, start by kick.
Engine is coupled with AC Alternator (generator) to measurement of torque and lamp
loading arrangement to dissipating the known energy. Energy meter is provided to measure
the power consumption from the generator.
Air Box with orifice is provided to measure the air inlet (Air consumption) to the
engine, Gear Mechanism with acceleration is provided.
Engine & Alternator is mounted on an aesthetically designed self – sustained
MS frame with anti-vibration mounting pads.
 For Fuel Measurement the fuel is supplied to the engine from the main fuel tank
through a graduated measuring fuel gauge (Burette) with 2-way cock. To measure the fuel
consumption of the engine, fill the burette by opening the cock. By starting a stop clock,
measure the time taken to consume X cc of fuel by the engine.
Thermocouple are provided to measure temperature of air inlet & Exhaust Gas Outlet
& Proximity Sensor for measurement of Engine speed in rpm.
Panel board is provided made of Novapon, MS Sheet & Square tube consists of
Digital Temperature Indicator, Digital Speed Indicator, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Bulb Loading
ON/OFF Switches, Fuel measuring burette, Fuel Distributor & Petrol Tank & other necessary
instrumentation.
With this the whole arrangement is mounted on an aesthetically designed self –
sustained MS frame with separate control panel.

EXPERIMENTATION:
OBJECTIVE:
To study and understand the performance characteristics.

To draw Performance curves and compare.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS & EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Ensure proper electrical connection for phase and neutral (230V, with Earthing).
2. Check the Petrol in the tank.
3. Switch ON Mains and the console.
4. Ensure all indicators are ON and glowing.
5. Keep gear lever in neutral position.
6. Allow Petrol, start the engine by using Kick start.
7. Keep the Loading Switches in OFF position, initially.
8. Change the gear lever to top gear position and set the engine output speed (using the
accelerator stick) at less than 1200 RPM.
9. Apply load to the AC Alternator by switching ON the Loading switch (Bulb ON). For
better performance see that the RPM of the Dynamometer is less than 1500. Suitably
adjust the accelerator stick to get this speed.
10. Allow some time so that the speed stabilizes.
 11. Now note down the Energy Meter Reading, Speed & Temperature.
12. Put tank valve into burette position and note down the time taken for particular
quantity of fuel consumed by the engine.
13. Repeat the procedure (8) to (12) for different loads.
14. Tabulate the readings as shown in the enclosed sheet.
15. After the experiment is over, keep the Petrol control valve at mains position & release
the load by switching OFF the Bulbs.
16. Switch OFF the Console.

SPECIFICATION & OBSERVATION:

 ENGINE TYPE : 2-stroke Single Cylinder Petrol Engine

(Air Cooled) Spark ignition.

 MAKE : Bajaj.

 RATED POWER OUTPUT : 6.3 HP, 5200 RPM.- (See below)

 BORE & STROKE : 57 mm X 57 mm

 COMPRESSION RATIO : 7.4 : 1

 STARTING : By Kick Start.

 DIMETER OF ORIFICE : 12 mm

 LOADING : Electrical (AC Alternator), Lamp Loading

arrangement to dissipating the energy.

NOTE: Final output speed of engine will be 970 RPM, at fourth top gear the speed rise
because the gear transmission ratio is 5.36 in top gear.

TEMPERATURE POINTS
T1 = Air Box
T2 = Engine Exhaust Gas Outlet
TABULAR COLUMN:

SPEED LOAD MANOMETE FUEL V I Time ‘t’ in

(RPM) R READING FLOW Seconds for
(hw) IN mm ml Time ‘n’ blinks
(T)in
secs

FORMULAE AND CALCULATIONS:

1] BRAKE POWER:
n∗3600
BP = = _____ kW
t∗3200

B. P
But efficiency is 70%. Therefore, Actual BP =
0.7

2] Fuel consumption:
10 mL∗ρ
mf = = kg/ s
T∗1000∗1000 ¿

where ρ-density of fuel=800kg/m3

3]Mass of air
π*
ma=ρa* Cd * d2 (2gha)1/2 = ___ kg
4

Cd=0.65 d-orifice diameter=0.012m

ha=(ρw/ρa) * (hw/1000) =_______ m

ρw=1000kg/m3

ρa=1.1 kg/m3

g=9.81m/s2
4] Air fuel ratio:
A
= ma/mf = _____
F

5]Brake thermal efficiency:

B. P
ȠB Thermal = ∗100=______%
Q

Q = mf * CV

6] Brake Specific fuel consumption:

mf
BSFC = ∗3600=¿______kg/kW hr
B. P

7] Indicated Power:
IP = FP + BP in KW

Friction Power – Draw the Willan’s lines between BP Vs Fuel Consumption.

8] Indicated Thermal Efficiency:

IP
ȠB Thermal = ∗100=______%
Q

Q = mf * CV

FINAL TABLE OF CALCULATIONS:

BP(kW) ȠB Thermal IP(kW) ȠI Thermal Air fuel ratio