ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography

Gwen Hansen

IST 524

Dr. Tourtellotte

November 27, 2018

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Annotated Bibliography

Buchan, J., Duffield, C., & Jordan, A. (2015). ‘Solving’ nursing shortages: Do we need a New

Agenda? Journal of Nursing Management, 23(5), 543-545. Retrieved from

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.library2.csumb.edu:2248/doi/full/10.1111/jonm.12315

Journal of Nursing Management provides information on global nursing shortages.

Buchan, Duffield, and Jordan analyzed data using different methods and time periods on nursing

supply and demand for high-income countries. Their peer-reviewed assessment was derived from

the United States and International nursing projection data to illustrate the challenges caused by

the demand for health services, global demographic changes, and a need for workforce policy

reforms. Two authors have PhDs and one author is a research assistant. The article is well written

and interesting to read.

An aging population, an aging workforce, and the demand for health services are factors

that influence the supply and demand for the nursing labor market. To address the overall global

shortage, conclusions indicate that targeting recruitment efforts, improving nursing retention, and

utilizing health providers’ skills are needed strategies to confront the issue. Furthermore, national

and international policy makers must address funding policies and health care demands in

response to the global nursing shortage. The data indicate there will be a global deficit of 12.9

million health providers by 2035. However, the Health Resources and Services Administration

(HRSA) analysis asserts that the United States deviates from other high-income countries and

indicates a surplus in nursing by 2025 (as cited in U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

2014).

My capstone project involves the “Impacted Nursing and Kinesiology Majors at

California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM)”. This article addresses factors that influence
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global nursing shortages. It also presents findings that indicate a surplus in nursing by 2025 in

the United States. The nursing workforce projections, reported by HRSA, will continue to

monitor nursing supply and demand in the United States. These findings could have implications

on the demand for nursing programs and on CSUSM’s nursing impaction status.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration,

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. 2017. National and Regional Supply and

Demand Projections of the Nursing Workforce: 2014-2030. Retrieved from:

https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bhw/nchwa/projections/NCHWA_HRSA_Nursing

_Report.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services serves as a national resource for the

healthcare workforce and presents supply and demand projections in 2030 for registered nurses

(RNs) and licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs) across the United States. The information

is for the public and private-sector and the department aims to improve workforce data released

to the public. The information is clearly written and easy to comprehend.

The projections are based on the Health Resources and Services Administration’s

(HRSA) Health Workforce Simulation Model (HWSM). Regular monitoring of nursing supply

and demand is cyclical in the U.S.; these findings update the projected HRSA’s estimates

reported in 2014. Projections for 2030 assume current health care services, graduation rates, and

workforce employment patterns will remain the same. Changes in any of these factors will

impact report findings, therefore, alternative scenarios were also developed to look at the impact

of possible changes.

The national level projections are estimated to have an overall nursing surplus in 2030,

however, the HWSM Model demonstrates the nursing workforce shortages and surpluses for
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RNs are varied across the United States. Given that health care levels are maintained, seven

states are projected to have a deficit; California, Texas, New Jersey, and South Carolina predict a

shortage of 10,000 or more. States with a surplus include Florida, Ohio, Virginia, and New York.

Conclusions indicate that the following factors will continue to affect future nursing supply and

demand: population growth, the aging population and workforce, economics, health care reform,

insurance coverage and reimbursement, workforce availability, and geographic location.

The HRSA projections for 2030 are an update to the 2014 report cited in the previous

article. The new data anticipates a nursing shortage in California. This is of significance and is

directly related to my capstone project on the impacted nursing program at CSUSM. This article

also provides some impetus to research articles related to nursing program enrollment issues.

Voelpel, Escallier, Fullerton, & Rodriguez. (2018). Transitioning veterans to nursing careers: A

model program. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(4), 273-279. Retrieved from:

https://www-sciencedirect-

com.library2.csumb.edu:2248/science/article/pii/S8755722317301369

Authors for this article present research findings for a veteran baccalaureate nursing

(BSN) program established in 2014 in the School of Nursing (SON) at Stony Brook University,

New York. Two of the authors are from Stony Brook University, and two authors are from other

universities. This peer reviewed article is well written with good literature review information,

and the targeted audience is for the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. There may be

some bias as the article presents the veteran nursing program as a model for other schools of

nursing.

The veteran nursing program was established under a grant to provide the opportunity for

veterans to transition into the nursing healthcare field. In addition, the program addresses the on-
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going need for registered nurses in the workforce, as well as, the anticipated number of veterans

separating from service. The program developed support services and retention strategies to

address issues identified as challenges and barriers for veteran students. Services and strategies

for the program include

• outreach and recruitment to veterans,

• individualized admission assistance,

• faculty and staff education for veteran inclusion,

• modified curriculum to include military culture,

• expanded clinical placements to include veteran health care facilities,

• academic, psycho-social support services, and

• on-going quality program assessment.

The authors conclude that the design of the veteran nursing program, based on recommended

approaches adapted into the program, have a positive impact on veteran students’ attitude and

well-being. In addition, integrated strategies help veterans adjust to the academic environment

and the program provides an opportunity for veterans to enter the nursing profession. This study

will be of benefit to my capstone project because it highlights the challenges that veteran

students encounter. Although the impacted BSN program at CSUSM admits qualified veteran

applicants, the limited access to the program is another hurdle these veteran applicants face.

Nursing Shortage Fact Sheet. (2017, May 18) Retrieved from

https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Fact-Sheets/Nursing-Shortage

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) reports information on

nursing shortages for 2014-2024. The AACN is a national organization representing schools of

nursing for public and private universities. They work to establish standards for nursing
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education and to improve the health care profession. The targeted audience is nursing faculty,

administrators, and students. The report contains concise factual information and the reading is

appropriate for the targeted audience.

Registered Nursing (RN) is listed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as one of the top

growing professions through 2014. The demand for nurses in America is increasing and efforts

are being made to meet the demand. Contributing factors to the nursing shortage include

thousands of qualified applicants being denied admission to BSN programs, an increasing aging

population seeking health care services, and an increasing workforce reaching retirement age.

Compounding the problem, the report states that the nursing shortage contributes to the stress

levels of RNs and lowers the quality of patient care resulting in nursing leaving the profession.

My capstone project is focused on helping students navigate the impacted nursing

program at CSUSM. Students want to major in nursing, so they can enter the healthcare

profession. However, there is limited admission to the program. The issues addressed in this

report demonstrate the need for nurses and also highlights the limitations that the nursing

shortage creates.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook,

Registered Nurses. Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-

nurses.htm

The Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment

Projections publishes the occupational outlook handbook for health care Registered Nurses

(RNs) for 2017. The Bureau is a fact-finding agency for the Federal Government and the

methodology must follow quality guidelines established for government departmental agencies.
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The data is available for the public and it is fairly easy to navigate through the information

provided.

RNs provide patient care and education for various health issues, as well as, provide

advice and emotional support to patients and their families. Nurses work in various settings such

as hospitals, clinics, schools, and the military, and earn an average of $70,000 per year. RNs

must be licensed and have a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN), an associate degree

(ADN), or a diploma from an approved nursing program. Those with a BSN have better job

prospects than other degrees. Employment for RNs is expected to grow faster than all other

occupations in the U.S. Economy; 15 percent from 2016 to 2026. The projected growth is due to

emphasis on preventative care, increased chronic health conditions, services needed by the aging

population, and the replacement of nurses reaching retirement.

My capstone project involves the impacted BSN program at CSUSM. The need for RNs

impacts schools of nursing BSN programs. While there are many educational pathways to

becoming a nurse, there is a high demand for programs offered through public universities. Many

public institutions now offer BSN or RN to BSN degrees through extended learning, which are

self-support programs. The state-supported programs are the least expensive for students yet

have limited enrollment. The statistics from this publication inform me about the factors that

contribute to the demand for admission to CSUSM’s impacted BSN program.