Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
GROUP 3
BATCH 2023
LAVIÑA, OSWALD
MAMENTA, JARED
MARQUEZ, JAY ANTHONY
MATEO, MARIA ANGELIKA ISABEL
MEDINA, ELMIRA EMERY
MEMBRIDO, JUSTINE MAE
MILANES, CLARENCE
MIRANDA, ASELA
PARK, JONG CHAN
PELAYO, JOANA MARIE
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. FERNANDO PERALDO, M.D., M.P.H
CASE: Fever, Chills and Fishballs
Gary, a 45-year-old fish ball vendor, presents with sudden onset of shaking chills, fever,
and productive cough. He was in his usual state of good health until 1 week ago, when
he developed mild nasal congestion and achiness. He otherwise felt well until last night,
when he became fatigued and feverish, and developed a cough associated with
right-sided pleuritic chest pain.
Gary’s medical history is remarkable only for his 15-pack per year smoking habit.
In your office, Gary’s vital signs are normal except for a temperature of 38.9°C. His
oxygen saturation on room air is 100%. He is comfortable, except when he coughs.
His physical examination is unremarkable except for bronchial breath sounds and
end-inspiratory crackles in the right lower lung field.
Gary thinks that his fishball vending for a long time has taken a toll on his health.
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ASSESSMENT: PATIENT HISTORY
Patient is remarkable for his 15-pack per year smoking habit.
Patient developed a mild nasal congestion and achiness a week ago.
ASSESSMENT: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Age: 45 years old (male)
Occupation: Fishball vendor
SSX: sudden onset of shaking chills, fever, and productive cough
Temperature: 38.9°C
Oxygen level: 100%
Breath Sounds: Bronchial breath sounds and end-inspiratory crackles in the right
lower lung field.
INITIAL DIAGNOSIS
COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
The salient features that reassure the initial diagnosis are:
● Productive cough
● Pleuritic chest pain
● Fever
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
RULE IN RULE OUT
Productive cough
Cigarette Smoking as a
cause
Positive for productive cough, pleuritic chest pain , and a high grade fever.
Furthermore, pneumonia is the third top leading cause of death in the
Philippines
2. What is your next step?
● Make a comprehensive history checking on the patient - aside from the given
details that the patient smokes 15 packs of cigarettes a year, we can also add
other questions to further our investigation with the patient’s illness. We can ask
the patient to describe his work environment, his daily lifestyle, habits, how he
takes care of himself, etc. Since the patient is also coughing along with pain in
the right side of his chest correlated by crackling sounds during end-respiration,
we can infer that there is presence of infiltrates (phlegm, blood or pus) in his
lungs. If the patient has phlegm present, we can also ask him to describe the
color, texture, and odor of it to help us give an idea on the type of infection he is
having.
● Request for:
○ Chest X-ray - Presence of consolidation, which is the replacement of air in
the alveoli by transudate, pus, blood, cells or other substances,
represented by white elements filling the black spaces (for air) can give
you a good confirmation that the patient has pneumonia.
○ Sputum Gram Stain - A request for gram stain would be necessary to
narrow down the different causative agents that can cause the patient’s
illness(whether it is Gram-positive or Gram-negative). This can also help
you confirm the initial diagnosis and cross-out your differential diagnoses
along with giving aid on your management to follow when treating your
patient.
○ Bacterial Culture and Sensitivity Testing - Since gram staining is still a broad
test for bacterial identification, a bacterial culture can be requested to
finally confirm the true causative agent of the patient’s disease. Bacterial
culture is done by planting a part of a specimen (in this case the patient’s
sputum) on a culture medium and allowing it to grow in an environment
where it can exhibit it’s differentiating features which can give you an
idea of the type of bacteria present in the specimen. Sensitivity testing is
done to identify antibiotics that can be used to treat the bacterial
infection by measuring it’s susceptibility or resistance.
● While waiting for the laboratory results, the physician can:
○ Manage the manifesting symptoms on the patient through:
■ Cigarette smoking management
■ Oral antibiotic therapy
■ Pain relievers
■ Antipyretics
■ Cough suppressants
■ Follow-up (in 1-2 weeks)
3. What are the causative organisms and the appropriate therapeutic regimens.
ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA TYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Temperature
SCORE INDICATIONS:
≥ 5 ~ hospital admission is a must to prevent progression and death,
higher score = more severe condition.
5. Discuss the role of radiologic and laboratory evaluation in the diagnosis.
Chest Radiography helps in diagnosing pneumonia and determine the extent and
location of the infection. White spots (called infiltrates) that identify an infection can
be seen in the lungs. This exam will also help determine if you have any
complications related to pneumonia such as abscesses or pleural effusions (fluid
surrounding the lungs).
Ultrasound may be used if fluid surrounding the lungs is suspected. An ultrasound
exam will help determine how much fluid is present and can aid in determining the
cause of the fluid.
Blood tests. Blood tests are used to confirm an infection and to try to identify the
type of organism causing the infection.
Pulse oximetry. This measures the oxygen level in your blood. Pneumonia can
prevent your lungs from moving enough oxygen into your bloodstream.
Sputum test. A sample of fluid from your lungs (sputum) is taken after a deep cough
and analyzed to help pinpoint the cause of the infection.
CONCLUSION
With the given signs and symptoms shown by the patient and based on the lab results,
most likely diagnosis is Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae germ which can be treated by oral antibiotic therapy with
close follow up check up. Give health teachings to the patient on how to avoid the
recurrence of CAP and proper lifestyle changes to improve his health and boost his
immune system.
Health Teachings for the patient:
Get plenty of rest. Getting enough sleep will give your body the strength it needs to
fight the illness.
* Take deep breaths and cough several times each hour to loosen up mucus and get it
out of your lungs.
* Wash your hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub after
blowing your nose or using the bathroom, and before eating.
* Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into your elbow or sleeve.
* If you smoke, stop. Ask your healthcare provider about support groups, medicines,
and other ways to help you quit smoking.
* Drink several glasses of water a day. Fluids help thin and loosen up the mucus in your
lungs and throat.
* Eat a balanced diet so your body can work its best and heal quickly.