1.

BUILDING POPULATION USING THE ELEVATOR

SECOND FLOOR
Item
No. Room Classification Occupancy
1 Lecture Room 22
2 Lecture Room 22
3 Lecture Room 22
4 Lecture Room 22
5 Lecture Room 22
6 Lecture Room 22
TOTAL 132

THIRD FLOOR
Item
No. Room Classification Occupancy
1 Lecture Room 22
2 Lecture Room 22
3 Lecture Room 22
4 Lecture Room 22
5 Lecture Room 22
6 Lecture Room 22
TOTAL 132

a. Second Floor = 121

b. Third Floor = 121
Total = 132 + 132 = 264 persons

Note: Use all of the population that can use the elevator

2. ELEVATOR DESIGN
Design Parameters:
a. Passenger arrival rate is 12%.
b. Number of floors above ground is 3 floors
c. Car capacity is 10 person (700 kg).
d. Floor height is 4.0 m (finished floor level to finished floor level).
e. Main terminal Height is 4 m (more than the typical floor height).
e. Top speed, v, is 1.0 m/s.
f. Top acceleration, a, is 1 m/s2.
g. Top jerk, j, is 1 m/s3.
h. Passenger transfer time out of the car is 1.2 s.
i. Passenger transfer time into the car is 1.2 s.
1
j. Door opening time is 2 s.
k. Door closing time is 3 s.
l. Advanced door opening is 0.5 s.
m. Start delay is 1 s.
n. Total building population of 264 persons.
o. Equal floor populations.

Find the number of lifts required.

Find the actual interval and the actual handling capacity

Legend:
is the round trip time in s
int is the interval at the main terminal in s
L is the number of the elevators in the group
U is the total building population
Ui is the building population on the ith floor
HC% is the handling capacity expressed as a percentage of the building population in five minutes
AR% is the passenger arrivals expressed as a percentage of the building population in the busiest
five minutes
N is the number of floors above the main terminal
H is the highest reversal floor (where floors are numbered 0, 1, 2….N
S is the probable number of stops
df is the typical height of one floor in m
v is the top rated speed in m/s
a is the top acceleration in m/s2
j is the top rated speed in m/s3
tf is the time taken to complete a one floor journey in s assuming that the lift attains the top speed v
CC is the car carrying capacity in persons
P is the number of passengers in the car when it leaves the ground (does not need to be an integer)
dG is the height of the ground in m where more than the typical floor height
tdo is the door opening time in s
tdc is the door closing time in s
tsd is the motor start delay in s
tao is the door advance opening time in s (where the door starts opening before the car comes to a
complete standstill)
tpi is the passenger boarding time in s
tpo is the passenger alighting time in s
Calculation:
The equation for the round trip time () can be written as follows:
𝑑 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝐺 −𝑑𝑓
( 𝑓) + (𝑆 + 1) (𝑡𝑓 − + 𝑡𝑑𝑜 + 𝑡𝑑𝑐 + 𝑡𝑠𝑑 − 𝑡𝑎𝑜 ) + 𝑃(𝑡𝑝𝑖 + 𝑡𝑝𝑜 ) + 2 ( )
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣

We need to check that the lift will attain top speed in a one floor journey.
We use the following equation as a check:
𝑎2 𝑣 + 𝑣 2 𝑗 (12 )(1)+ 1(1)
𝑑=4 ≥ ( ) = [ (1)(1)
] =2
𝑎𝑗

So the top speed of 0.5 m/s will be attained in a one floor jump. In this case, the time taken to complete a one floor
journey, tf will be:
𝑑 𝑣 𝑎 3.5 1.0 1.0
𝑡𝑓 = 𝑣
+ 𝑎
+𝑗 = 1.0
+ 1.0 + 1.0 = 5.5𝑠
2
It is accepted in practice that the car does not fill up completely. In general, it only fills up to 80% of the car carrying
capacity. We first start by finding the value of P based on 80% car loading. P works out as 10 x 0.8 = 8 passengers.
Moving on to calculate H and S as follows:

1 𝑃 1 8
𝑆 = 𝑁 [1 − (1 − ) ] = 3 [1 − (1 − ) ] = 2.883
𝑁 3
𝑁−1
𝑖 𝑃 2 8 1 8
𝐻 = 𝑁 − ∑ ( ) = 3 − ( ) − ( ) = 2.961
𝑁 3 3
𝑖=1

Substituting in the RTT equation gives:

𝑑 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝐺 −𝑑𝑓
2  H  ( 𝑣𝑓) + (𝑆 + 1) (𝑡𝑓 − 𝑣
+ 𝑡𝑑𝑜 + 𝑡𝑑𝑐 + 𝑡𝑠𝑑 − 𝑡𝑎𝑜 ) + 𝑃(𝑡𝑝𝑖 + 𝑡𝑝𝑜 ) + 2 ( 𝑣
)
4 4 5.3−4
 (1.0) + (2.883 + 1) (5.5 − 1.0 + 2 + 3 + 1 − 0.5) + 8(1.2 + 1.2) + 2 ( 1
)

s
In order to meet the expected arrival rate of 12%, the number of lifts required can be calculated as follows:

300  𝐿  𝑃
𝐻𝐶% =
𝑡𝑈

𝐻𝐶%  𝑈  𝑡 0.12  264  66.0498

𝐿= 300  𝑃
= 300  8
= 0.872

So the nearest larger integer is 1 lift. So one lift is required to achieve the handling capacity that meets the expected
arrival rate.
300  𝐿  𝑃 300  1  8
HC% = 𝑡𝑈
= = 0.138=14%
66.0498  264

which is larger than the expected arrival rate of 12%

The achieved time will be:

t 70.05
𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝐿
= 1
= 66.0498

3. MOTOR SIZING

The formula for sizing the motor for a lift is as follows:

𝑃 ×60 × 9.81 ×𝑠 ×(1−𝐶𝐹)
𝑀=
𝜂

Where:
P is the rated passenger number in the car;
60 stands for 60 kg/passengers;

3
9.81 is the acceleration due to gravity;
s is the rated top speed;
CF is the counterweight factor (a factor less than 1) = 40% = 0.40;
is the total efficiency of the installation (taken around 85%) = 85% = 0.85.
8 ×60 × 9.81 ×1 ×(1−.40)
𝑀= 0.85

𝑀 = 3323.86 W or 3.32386 kW or 4.45≈ 4.5 hp

4. Summary

A. Building Population
Second Floor = 264
Third Floor = 264
Total = 264+264=528
1 1
Note: Use (2) of the population as the (2) can use the stairs to go to the 2nd floor.
1
𝑈 = 528 × 2
= 264 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠

B. Percent Handling Capacity (design value)

PHC = 12%
As per PSME CODE : 10% - 13% of the office building occupants shall be carried by the elevators
within 5 minutes.

C. Handling Capacity
HC = PHC x U = 0.12 x 264 = 31.68

D. Select Car
Use 1 x 750 kg or 1653, 10 person capacity, 1 m/s or 200 fpm

E. Round Trip Time

RTT = s

F. Determine 5-minute Handling Capacity

300 ×𝑝 300 ×10×0.8
ℎ= = = 36.34
𝑅𝑇𝑇 66.0498

G. Number of Cars
𝐻𝐶 31.68
𝐶= = = 0.87
ℎ 36.34

Select 1 elevator with 10 person capacity

As per PSME CODE: There shall be one elevator per 220 persons occupying a building other than
ground floor. Since total population is 528 persons, 1 elevator with the proposed designs will be
adequate.

4
 H. Recommended Elevator Speed
For 3 floors, recommended is 1 m/s

Reference

Please refer to the attached brochure of Elevator Brand and model which fits the recommended design.

5
6