EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop

3-6 May 2011, Geneva, CERN

Status Report Asia

Z.M. Sheng
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
and Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing, China
 Acknowledgements
Yutong Li, Liming Chen, Zhiyi Wei, Jie Zhang: Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing, China
Ruxin Li, Baifei Shen, Zhizhan Xu: Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,
CAS, Shanghai, China
Yuqiu Gu, Hansheng Peng: Laser Fusion Research Center, CAEP, Mianyang, China
Chuanxiang Tang, Wenhui Huang, Wei Lu:Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Xueqing Yan, Jiaer Chen: Peking University, China
Kazuhisa Nakajima: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan
Tomonao Hosokai, R. Kodama: Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Japan
Shigeo Kawata: Graduate School of Eng./CORE, Utsunomiya Univ., Japan
S. V. Bulanov , M. Kando et al.: Kansai Photon Science Institute, JAEA, Japan
N. A.M. Hafz: Guangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
(now at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China)
P. A. Naik, P. D. Gupta: Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
G. Ravindra Kumar: UPHILL, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
 Outline
• Overview of the Asian Activities

• Highlights of some progress on electron and ion

acceleration in China

• Concluding remarks
 CAS-IOP, China GIST-APRI, Korea
CAEP-LFRC, China

280TW 720TW 300TW

Potential for laser acceleration
CAS-SIOM, China in Asia: >8 labs having >100TW lasers

890TW JAEA-KPSI, Japan

100TW

150TW
RRCAT, India
100TW
NCU, Taiwan
SG-IIU laser and PW/kJ laser in Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics,CAS

SG-II Upgrade (24kJ, 3ns,

3w; PW laser (0.5kJ, 1-10ps)
to be available in 2012
GEKKO XII and LEFX laser at ILE, Osaka University
 The 2nd Asian Summer School
on Laser Plasma Acceleration and Radiations
August 6-10, 2007, Kyoto, Japan

The 4th Asian Summer School

on Laser Plasma Acceleration and Radiations
August 17-21, 2009, Hsinchu, Taiwan
 Topics:
•Laser Plasma Electron Acceleration
•Computation Methods
•Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
•Laser Driven Ion Acceleration
•Radiation Generation and Application

http:/ips.sjtu.edu.cn/lpaw11
Xtreme-Light (XL) fs laser systems at IOP-CAS
China
100TW (3J, 30fs, 0.1Hz)
(2011)
20 TW (640mJ/30fs/10Hz)
2001 (2001)

XL-II laser system

720 TW(11J/30fs/20min)
(2010)

XL-III laser system

 Research interest at IOP-CAS
China

Energetic particles
•Electrons
•Ions

Electromagnetic
Intense laser radiation ( - THz)
technology
laser propagation and
interactions with plasmas
Secondary particle and
radiation sources

Laboratory
astrophysics
http://Highfield.iphy.ac.cn
 New facilities to produce 4 beam lines for potential
applications in Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (SJTU) are planed

Laser-driven keV X-ray China

particle coherent
beams source

200TW + PW
+kHz/TW
laser systems
Potential applications:
material science, medical
60keV-MeV MW high applications, laser fusion,
ultrafast power THz etc.
electron source
imaging
 890TW/30fs CPA Short Pulse Laser
State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, SIOM, CAS

China

Electron acceleration with gas and capillary is being done.

This system is based on CPA scheme, with a peak power of 890TW and a pulse duration of 29fs. It consists of
a Ti:sapphire oscillator, a pulse stretcher, four stages of amplifiers and a four-grating pulse compressor.
 Laser acceleration experiment at
LFRC, CAEP
China

4cm ablative capillary

280TW 30fs laser

SILEX, CAEP, China
 – Low Energy Linear Accelerators and Their Applications
– Fundamental Accelerator Physic and technology
• High brightness electron injectors
• Electron beam and laser beam interaction
Accelerator Lab of
• Accelerating Structures
Tsinghua University • Beam dynamics

China
Control RF Cooling
Room Power Water
Source

UV
UV & Laser
TW
Lasers TW fs
Laser

x-
 Thomson scattering experiment with
photocathode RF gun and TW laser
China
800nm, 10TW,30fs 50MW,50Hz
266nm, 1mJ, 30fs

Subsystem installation completed

 PMRC project (2007-) Japan

Photo Medical Research

Center(PMRC)
 Experiment of head-on injection at JAEA-KPSI
Japan

JAEA-KPSI
100TW J-KAREN
Driver pulse Injecting pulse
E=400 mJ, t=40 fs E=30 mJ, t=50 fs
f=34 µm, I=3x1018 W/cm2 f=50µm, I=8x1016 W/cm2
He: 0.7 MPa ; ne~1x1019 cm-3
Mono-energetic electron beam
Q=8.7 pC
p=134 MeV/c (FWHM 11MeV/c)
FWHM=4 mrad Momentum (MeV/c)

H. Kotaki, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194803 (2009).

 Radiobiology with Laser‐Accelerated Protons at PMRC

PMRC News Vol.4 [issue 1]

Stable e-beam generation by multi-stage ionization scheme

>1 MeV electrons Laser: Japan

30 E=160 mJ
He t=40 fs
◆ He
Helium target
Argon target
20
I=9x1017 W/cm2
Pointing in vertical (mrad)
● Ar
10 Pointing stability(RMS)
100 mrad
for 50 shots
0
θ=9.8mrad@He
Ar -10 θ=2.4mrad@Ar
-20 Beam divergence
-30 for 50 shot(RMS)
100 mrad -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
θ=29.8±8.8mrad@He
Speed x100 Pointing in horizontal (mrad)
θ=10.4±2.0mrad@Ar
Helium (neutral gas density: 2.2x1019 cm-3)
Argon (neutral gas density: 0.5x1019 cm-3)

Pointing stability in Ar is 4 times better than that in He

M Mori et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 12, 082801 (2009)
 T.Hosokai, S.Masuda, N.Nakanii, Z.Jin,
Repeatable e-beam generation A.Zhidkov,T.Sano, K.Arakawa R.Kodama
Photon Pioneers Center,
Osaka University
by LWFA with a plasma micro optics

Japan Axal external B-field

9 successive shots
(1) (2) (3)
~ up to 1T

50mm

(4) (5) (6)

Shadow graph image
B=0.2T
(7) (8) (9)

Experimental setup
Transverse geometrical emittance
~0.02π mm mrad
19 -3
He Gas ~4x10 cm B=0 B=0.2T
# E
F =3.5 ( f = 178mm)
Laser 6 ~ 12 TW
Focal spot ~ 5-7µm(1/e2)
e-beam profile
Rayleigh length ~50µm 60 mm
T.Hosokai,et al.,Phys Rev.Lett. 97, 075004 (2006 )
 Japan
Photon Pioneers Center, Demonstration of 2-staged LWFA
Osaka University

*Shadowgraph:
1.2ps before main pulse

Typical e-beam profile

By increase the
picosecond pedestal
pulse energy and B
fields

(x103) 7.0
(a) 700µm channel(b) 2 mm channel (c)
Electron signal [arb. units]

6.0 Thermal
5.0 No channel ~100MeV
~50MeV
4.0 ~20pC
3.0
T.Hosokai,et al.,
2.0 Appl. Phys. Lett.
1.0 96,121501 (2010)
0 25 50 75 100 0 50 100 150 2000 50 100 150 200
Electron Energy [MeV] Electron Energy [MeV] Electron Energy [MeV]
Japan
 S. Kawata/Utsnomiya Univ.
Compact Electron Accelerator with intense Japan
lasers at particular spatial modes Pre-accelerated electron
beam is compressed and
/ Atto physics – Atto Second~ 10-18sec confined to produce an
atto-second high-density
－> One can observe --- e-bunch by a short-pulse
TEM10+01 mode laser.
・electron motion in an atom
・light wave behavior x x
・electron motion in chemical reaction y
~150atto second
<- electron movement time scale in Hydrogen atom
T=0[λ/c]
Results
bunch size: Transverse（Y）: 4.81l

x[λ]
Longitudinal（Z）: 0.187l (～500 attosecond)
Averaged energy ~231 (MeV)
Normalized transverse rms emittance 0.96 (π mm mrad)
Momentum spread 3.5% T=5000[λ/c]
Number density 43 times n0

x[λ] 23
z[λ]
 Energy Increase in Ion Acceleration via Cluster Target

Soft X ray spectrum Long channel

of sub-critical plasma created in cluster target

Tenfold improvement
in maximum ion energy

Ion detection
using CR39 stack

・Ions, accelerated up to 10-20 MeV/u (Carbon) are detected.

→ Different regime from the conventional TNSA scenario.
・2D-PIC simulation predicts that Magnetic-Field-Assisted-TNSA might work.
Y. Fukuda et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 165002 (2009)
 Unlimited Ion Acceleration by Radiation Pressure
Japan
In the radiation pressure dominated regime, ion energy can be greatly enhanced by a transverse expansion
of a thin target. The expansion decreases the number of accelerated ions in the irradiated region increasing
the energy of the remaining ions. In the relativistic limit, the ions become phase-locked with respect to the
electromagnetic wave resulting in an unlimited ion energy gain. This effect and the use of optimal laser pulse
shape provide a new approach for great enhancing the energy of laser accelerated ions.

Evolution of thin shell

irradiated by a Equations of motion Laser-Mass-Limited-Target interaction in
strong electromagnetic Radiation Pressure Dominated Acceleration
wave
t pi 
P   x x regime: PIC computer simulation
ijk  j  k
n0l0
cpi
t xi 
m2 c2  pk pk
i, j, k  1,2,3

P  EL c  v
2

2 c  v
1/5
 125EL2 y0 z0  3/5
px (t )  m c  3 
t Laser pulse, reflected Electron and ion energy
 48 n0l0m c  radiation and and density v.s. time
Mass Limited Target Inset: ion energy spectrum
Asymptotic solution for ion momentum
dependence on time
t k
 x px (t )  t 
Wave phase:   0  t    0  (1   (t ') dt ' For
 c 0 m c  t k 
(t / t k )12 k
t 2k  1   2k  1  S. V. Bulanov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 135003 (2010)
  0t k  1/0 2k      If k<1/2, the phase
1  2k   2k   2k  Is locked
S. V. Bulanov et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, in press (2010)
t 
 S. Kawata/Utsnomiya Univ.
Dream of Laser Accelerators Japan
/ High-quality laser ion beam
・Cancer therapy
・Ion Inertial fusion

Results: 1. Collimation!
Structured target enhances laser-to-ion
2. High-efficiency! energy conversion efficiency. Backside
structure produces a collimated ion beam.

500fs

Y/l
X/l X/l
Collimation!

High-efficiency!
Al + CH-ion source structured target: periodic array with
structure composed of boxes of 60 nm × µm separated by
0.25 µm, material composition C6+, density 0.35 g/cm3

＝＞ Flat target: 2.8% (Laser -> ions)

Structured target: 26%(Laser -> ions) case 3(20% C, 6%Protons) 26
 Quantum Beam Facility (UQBF) project
Korea
Experimental Scheme (May 2007) Hafz, et al., Nat. Photon. 2, 571 (2008)

Korea
w0 ~ 2l p ~ 2 ct ~ 22  1 m

Probe Dipole Magnet Light Flash

Al-foil
50 TW, 35 fs To Imaging
Laser Pulse 6 cm .B = 0.94 T system
Laser e-
y Gas jet Lanex

42 cm 20 cm
x

Plasma Bubble
a0  1, 30 fs

50 TW
f#/21.4
35 fs
lp

Uniform cm channel
Ld > cm
(ne~ 1018cm-3 is enough ) 1 cm Gas jet
 Generation of 330±17MeV Electron Beams: 4 mm Gas get
Korea
Electron Beam Generation
Experiment at APRI (May 2007)

1. Laser parameters: 50 TW, 35 fs, 24 um spot size

Plasma Density: 6.6x 1018cm-3
4 mm long gas jet. Dephasing 3.3 mm
Quasi-momoenergetic
Max
2. Electron Beam energy : 330 MeV
• Max Electron Beam energy: ~ 870MeV
• Electron Beam Charge: 500 pC
• Electron Beam pulse duration: ~ 50 fs (not measured)
• Electron beam divergence angle: ~ few mrad
• Energy Spread: ~ 30 %

Beam Energy Doubling

by doubling the Typical channel
Laser power and tuning
Hafz, et al., Nat. Photon. 2, 571 (2008)
the plasma density
 GeV-class Electron Beam Generation: 1 cm Gas Jet
Korea
50 TW, 35 fs, 24 m spot
1 cm long Gas jet ,
3.4 1018cm-3

Epeak1= 540 MeV,

Emax1= 1.48 GeV,
Epeak2= 320 MeV,
E 2spread= 11%,
E1spread= 33%,
Qpeak1=200 pC &
Q peak2 = 20pC

Quasi-momoenergetic Electron Beams

Typical channel Hafz, et al., Nat. Photon. 2, 571 (2008)

RRCAT, Indore, India Prasad A. Naik

10 TW Ti:sapphire Laser System

Laser Specifications Laser
system
Pulse duration : 45 fs
Max. peak power : 10 TW
Max. rep rate : 10 Hz
Wavelength : 790 nm

Compressor Plasma Chamber

Chamber
 Laser driven electron acceleration : Set-
Set-up
RRCAT, Indore, India Schematic of the experiment
Experimental Area
Interaction chamber

Laser
beam line

Lead
shielding

Top-view of interaction
Beam Electron energy
charge spectrograph

Integrating Current Magnetic spectrograph with

Transformer (ICT) permanent magnet B = 0.5 T
Laser--plasma based acceleration of electrons
Laser
RRCAT, Indore, India
G. P. Gupta and
P. A. Naik
Mono-energetic electron
beam occurred over a very
narrow range of plasma
density

New J. Phys. 12, 045011 (2010)

 Peak energy : 10 – 50 MeV

 Energy spread : 4 – 8 %

ne ~ 8.5x1019 cm-3 ne ~ 6.5x1019 cm-3  Divergence () : 4 – 7 mrad

IL = 1.21018 W/cm2 IL = 2.41018 W/cm2  Charge : 10 – 60 pC

 HEDS-T 3 :
The power of HEDS-
See Plasma Dynamics “as it happens”
India TIFR 20 TW, 30 fs CPA R. Kumar
(100 TW by 2010)

800 nm, fs

P-polarized
Laser Pump

Target To Polarimeter/
Pump-Probe Spectrometer/
Experiments : Interferometer/…

Hot electron currents, 400 nm, fs Probe

Giant magnetic fields, (Time Delayed
Plasma motion……. w. r. t. Pump)
34
 Measured Magnetic Field of Relativistic Electrons

India R. Kumar
Time Resolved , Space Integrated
Front
Aluminium film coated glass
Target Front Target Back
70 14

60 12

50 10

40
B (MG)

B (MG)
30 6

20 4

10 2

0 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 20 40 60 80 100

Time (ps) Time (ps)

35
5 x 1018 W cm-2 2 x 1018 W cm-2
 Outline
• Overview of the Asian Activities

• Highlights of some progress on electron and

ion acceleration in China

• Concluding remarks
Experimental setup for electron
acceleration with SILEX
By Yuqiu Gu et al.
F/8.7

160mm
Gas nozzle and laser focusing
By Yuqiu Gu et al.

Focusing lens F/8.7 OAP

=15m (FWHM) （11％）
=30m (1/e2)（20％）
Contrast ratio better than 105
 Joint experiment between IoP, JAEA, and LFRC on Self-
guiding and soliton formation in Plasmas with SILEX
Thomson Scattering By L.M. Chen et al.
10 mm 400 m

10 mm

Laser axis Side view

(S-plane)
Diffraction cone Bending
Channel length ~ 10 mm No. 050926027
3.0 J, 4.0 MPa
( > 10 diffraction distance)
Laser propagation show bending
No. 050926019
The “atoll” structure shows plasma cavity 3.2 J, 2.5 MPa

--- the density valley ascribes to the postsoliton.

L. M. Chen et al, Phys. Plasmas 14, 040703(2007)

P > Pcr; Pulse length llas > Plasma wavelength lw (lw~2c/p)

2.1 J, 3.0 MPa llas > lw

1.9 J, 1.5 MPa llas < lw

(plasma imaging) 410-532nm
 Three energy peaks were observed
Shot No.104 By Yuqiu Gu et al.
Laser power:181TW /Gas Pressure: 4.23MPa

53MeV 80MeV
63MeV
C

1000

800
Intensity(A.U)

600

400

200

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy(MeV)
 Electron spectrum from 10mm-long gas column

By Yuqiu Gu et al.

CCD x
band-pass filter

300

E
Laser

z
blue-pass filter

ICT-integrated
CCD y total charge 15nC
0.56 GeV quasi-monoenergetic electron bunch with small energy
spread~0.1% and small divergence ~ 0.6 mrad (joint experiment
between IoP/CAS , LFRC, KEK, KPSI/JAEA) with the SILEX laser

500m

L.M.Chen et al, IEEE TOPS 36(4),

1734(2008); Appl. Phys. Exp. 1,
066001(2008)
 Shanghai fs PW Laser system

Compressor
Oscillator
Stretcher

150J Nd:glass pump/Single shot

Target

Nd:YAG pump
Amplifiers /10Hz

Power Amplifiers/Single shot

Laser plasma acceleration experiment is underway,
using PW laser and capillary at SIOM, CAS
under collaboration with KEK

5 cm capillary
Optical guiding

Recently successful
optical guiding of
160TW (8J, 50fs)
w achieved
was
Setup with side-laser triggering ablative
capillary acceleration driven by PW laser
 Electron acceleration up to 1.8 GeV energy in laser wakefield
acceleration
Acrylic resin, 0.5mm
(C:O:H=4:2:7)
YAG

130 TW, 50 fs,  410 ns

800 nm laser

 Driving laser

Discharge current of the capillary


 -15
 3000
 -10
 2500
0
 -5
 2000
10
Y (μm)

0


 1500
dN/dE(pC/GeV)


 5
 1000
 10
 500 -2
15
10
Focus spot

+0.2
1.61 GeV

  -0.1

 -20  -10  0  10  20

Dx＝11μm，
 X (μm)

Dy＝12μm -4
10
Ipeak = 2.2×1019 W/cm2 0.2 1 1.61 1.8
Electron energy(GeV) 45
 The energetic electron bunch is found to have a
highly regular sinusoidal structure in the
polarization plane of the laser.

The period of the sinusoidal

structure changes from about
660 nm to about 800 nm

The betatron oscillations are

driven directly by the laser
Field.

Laser-driven coherent betatron oscillation in a laser-wakefield cavity,

BF Shen with colleagues at ANL, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 095002 (2008).
 Fast electron emission for incidence angle 70

+20 Front

200
Target surface

-20 Rear

70
Angular distributions of > 300 Typical pattern
keV fast electrons in the incident Cone angle <15 (FWHM)
plane.

A fast electron jet along the front target surface is observed.

Y.T. Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 165003 (2006).
 2D PIC simulations show that a kind of inverse free
electron laser acceleration occurs at the target surface
60  Fast electrons move along the
A Specular surface in a oscillating form.
50 direction 50 1.000
7.000
P2 (1)
P1
(2)

Y/l0
13.00
40
40 19.00
(a)
30 25.00
P3
Laser
Y ( l0)

10 20 30 40 50 60
30 X/l0
30
P3 (1)
20
20
Target region (2)


10
(b)
P1
0
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40
t/T0
50 60 70

X (l0)
(a) Bz (b) E⊥  Quasi-static magnetic and
electric fields are self-induced
around the surface.
As soon as the betatron frequency
approaches the laser frequency,
resonant acceleration occurs.
A. Pukhov, Z.M. Sheng and J. MtV, Phys.
Plasmas (1998);
M. Chen et al., Opt. Express 14, 3093
 Electron acceleration with clusters—large
number of trapped particles
Laser propagation in cluster targets can easily form a plasma channel. In the
meanwhile, the involved interaction can produce large number of energetic
electrons, which can be trapped. Following demonstration the result of >500
MeV electron beam with divergence <1.4mrad using 100fs, 5TW high contrast
laser pulses
发散度

1 mrad
0
-1 mrad

电子能量（MeV） 500 400 300 200 100

Forward angular distribution：

In addition to the measurement of the
electron beams through the slot, the
electron beam shows a ring structure
with charge as large 10nC.

狭缝
 Generation of quasi-monoenergetic bunches
II.高能电子产生和实时测量系统
with large charge (IoP/CAS and KPSI/JAEA)

140 MeV, 110 pC

Effect of laser contrast ratio (IoP/CAS and KPSI/JAEA)
• Contrast dependence: in the case of ne=7x1018 cm-3
Shot ratio
High Contrast (10-9)
200 MeV Ee>100Me Shadowgraph
V
5/5

Normal Contrast (10-6) Preformed

plasma
No electrons 0/5

Prepulse blowouts plasma, resulting in

low actual plasma density
 Proton acceleration with solid foils

Thickness 12.5um Al

Al 0.65，1.2，2.5，4，12.5um

Cu 2，5，10um

Detector
Stack

4cm
Laser
45° Target
Thomson spec.

CR39 IP
 Proton acceleration with thick foils

Emax~3.5 MeV for 0.65 m Al with 200mJ/60fs laser pulses

10 (a) (b)
Al 0.01 Cu
0.65um Al 2um Cu
1 1.2um Al 5um Cu
dN/dE

4um Al 1E-3
10um Cu

dN/dE
0.1
1E-4

0.01
1E-5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Energy(keV) Energy(keV)
6

5
n=20nc
n=30nc
Energy/MeV

2
2D PIC
1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Thickness/um
 Ion Acceleration in the Phase Stable
Acceleration Regime
0.16 t=18TL

px
A
0.12
A B
0.08

1050 1060
B 100x/lL
■Phase Oscillations!
■ Protons bunched by Ex2 but
debunched by Ex1

E//  4 en0 d ~ (ve  BL / c) ~ EL

(n0 / nc )(d / lL ) ~ aL
54
X. Q. Yan et al., PRL 100, 135003 (2008).
 With linearly polarized light -- dual-peaked electrostatic
potential coalescent acceleration (DECA)

(  1
2 a0 / n0  D   1 (a0 / n0 
3/ 2

H.B. Zhuo et al., PRL105, 065003 (2010).

L. Yin et al., Laser Part. Beams 24, 291 (2006);

L. Yin et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 056706 (2007).
 RPA+Laser wakefield acceleration
L.L. Yu et al., NJP 12 (2010) 045021
B.F. Shen et al., PRST (2009)
proton-rich foil
Preaccel.－trapping－further accel.
underdense gas (Z/A=1/3)
CP/LP Laser

Two conditions:

◆ Protons in the high-density foil can be pre-accelerated to

the GeV level in the RPA regime.
◆ The laser pulse can obviously transmit the overdense foil
to generate wakefields in the underdense plasma.
 Above 60 GeV proton beam
accelerated in less than 1mm

About 10% of protons are

trapped and accelerated to Ez ,max ~ 28.92mec / e
over 60GeV
Wmax  eEz ,max Lacc ~ 69.6GeV
L.L. Yu et al., NJP 12 (2010) 045021
 Concluding remarks

• The Asian community on laser plasma acceleration is growing

both in theory/simulation and experiments. A few more new
laser facilities are planned or under constructions.

• There have been a lot of collaboration in this field between

different labs/groups from Asian countries.

• Potential applications of laser-driven particle beams and

radiation sources are attracting significant attention among
Asian research groups.
Thank you!