Nama : Iftitah Nabiilah Ramadhani

NIM : 33101900032

SGD : 5

Judul : Substance Form and Transprort

Learning Issues

1. What characteristic of free drugs? (Iftitah)

ANSWER :
OTC drugs are drugs that are sold freely in the market and can be purchased
without a doctor's prescription, can be found in pharmacies, drug stores,
grocery stores, or stalls. Examples of over-the-counter medicines are
Paracetamol, Paramex, Betadine, Aspirin, Conidine, Inza, and others.

Picture of mark OCT drugs

OTC drugs have the characteristics of a special mark on the package that is a
green circle with a black border. Not only that, on over-the-counter
medicines also includes a brochure containing a rosur containing the name
of the drug, the name and contents of the efficacious substance, indications,
dosage, rules of use, side effects, batch number, registration number, name
and address of the manufacturer, as well as how to store it.

SOURCE :

Rahayuda, I. G. (2016). Identifikasi Jenis Obat Berdasarkan Gambar

Logo Pada Kemasan Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes. Jurnal
Sisvo Vol. 06 No. 01, 17-32.
2. How the drugs can be absorb in the body? (Habibah)
ANSWER:

Absorption of drugs in the body or which can be called pharmacokinetics.

Pharmacokinetics consists of four processes, namely: Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
A. Absorption

Absorption is the entry of drugs into the body through many ways. The
way the drug enters the body is oral, skin, lung, muscle, and others.
Drugs are absorbed through various methods, for example active
transport and passive transport.
B. Distribution

After going through the absorption process, the drug will be distributed
throughout the body through blood circulation. the factors that influence
distribution are blood flow, capillary permeability, and protein shift
interactions. based on the distribution phase the distribution can be
divided into two phases.

C. Metabolism

The process of changing the composition of the drug by the body so that
the drug is more soluble in water for disposal outside the body. The goal
of drug metabolism is to convert nonpolar drugs into polar so that they
can be excreted through the kidneys and bile. There are three ways in
metabolizing drugs in the body. Metabolism occurs in the liver
(endoplasmic and cytosolic reticulum), kidney and intestinal membrane.
 D. Excretion

Drug excretion is the removal of waste substances from the drug out of the
body. Most of the remaining drug is removed through the kidneys and urine.
In addition, excretions occur in the lungs, exocrine (sweat, saliva, breast),
skin and intestinal taractrus.
SOURCE:
Farmakokinetik. (2017). Lugas Alus Prakoso. Terapi Gigi dan Mulut
Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya , 2-9.

3. What the factors of osmosis in the body? (Fathin)

ANSWER:
Osmosis is the transfer of a solvent from a high concentration to a lower
concentration.
Osmosis has many factors, namely:
A. The size of the substance
The smaller the size of the substance, the faster the substance is absorbed.
B. Dissolution
The higher the dissolution, the faster the substance gets lost.
C. Surface area of the membrane
The more surface area of the membrane the faster the substance gets
absorbed.
D. Membrane thickness
The thicker the membrane the longer the substance is absorbed.
E. Temperature
The higher the temperature the faster the substance is absorbed.
 SOURCE:
Hardianti, R. (2015). Difusi Osmosis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian
Bogor.

4. What the difference of concentration osmosis and diffusion? (April)

ANSWER:

Osmosis Diffusion
The transfer of solvents from high Dissolution of solutes from lower
concentrations to lower concentrations to higher
concentrations concentrations
Through a semipermeable Not through a semipermeable
membrane membrane
Need water No need water
Use to allow cells to absorb many of The use allows for the creation of
the nutrients available in water essential nutrients and energy needed
by the body

SOURCE:

Aminatuz, Z. (2017). Difusi, Osmosis dan Imbibisi. FKIP Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang, 3-14.

5. What the example of cohesion event? (Fara)

ANSWER:
Cohesion is the attractive force between particles of the same type. Thus
causing some substances when mixed not attached to each other. Example of
cohesion event:
A. Mercury is not attached to the capillary pipe wall
B. Water and oil do not mix when put together
C. Water on the taro leaves.
D. The attractive force between the chalk molecules to form the chalk of
the stem.
SOURCE:
 Asmawati, E. Y. (2014). Membandingkan Tegangan Permukaan dengan
Tegangan Air Menggunakan Zat Pewarna Makanan sebagai Alat
Pembelajaran. JPF, 64-69.

6. What the types of drugs can sale at the market? (Trias)

ANSWER:
Types of drugs that can be sold in the market are OTC drugs and limited
OTC drugs.
A. OTC drug
OTC drugs are over-the-counter drugs which can be found in pharmacies,
markets and can be purchased without a doctor's prescription. OTC drugs
have a green circle with a black border on the package. Example:
Paracetamol
B. limited OTC drugs
Limited OTC drugs that actually include hard drugs but can be traded on the
market without a doctor's prescription. The package is accompanied by a
warning sign and has a special sign that is a blue circle with a black border.
Example: CTM
SOURCE:

Rahayuda, I. G. (2016). Identifikasi Jenis Obat Berdasarkan Gambar

Logo Pada Kemasan Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes. Jurnal
Sisvo Vol. 06 No. 01, 17-32.

7. What fuction of membran cell? (Neva)

ANSWER:
Cell membrane is one of the structures of cells in the form of a plasma
membrane that separates cells from the cell's external environment. Cell
membranes have various functions:
A. As a protector of cell contents and survival systems that work in the
cytoplasm.
B. Where the cell's chemical reaction takes place.
C. As receptors or receptors for stimulation that will be passed into the
cell.
D. Give shape to the cell body
E. As a selector if there are substances that enter the cell.
F. As a communicator or communication liaison between cells with their
environment or with other cells.

SOURCE:

Rahmawati. D. ,(2015). SEL. FMIPA UIN Jakarta, 4-41