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Buyer Behaviour Model
Buyer Behaviour Model
Symbolic
a)Quality
Stimulus
b)Price Attitude Attitude
c)Distinctiveness Ambiguity
d)Service
e)Availability
Choice Brand
Social Motives criteria Comprehension Brand
a)Family
Comprehension
b)Reference
Groups
c)Social Class
Attention
Perceptual
Attention Satisfaction
bias
Solid lines show flow of info.-Dashed lines indicate feedback effects
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
Inputs – by three distinct types of stimuli
Significative Stimuli – In the form of physical,
tangible product characteristic.
Example – Briefcase – Physical appearance,
sturdiness, finish, spaciousness, actual price.
Symbolic Stimuli – In the form of intangible,
perceptual product characteristics.
Example – Briefcase – overall quality perceived
by purchaser perception – price is reasonable /
high / good bargain
Social class – provides third type of stimuli
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
Perceptual and Learning Constructs
Two factors that may influence consumer’s
interpretation
1.Stimulus Ambiguity
2.Perceptual Bias
Stimulus Ambiguity – Occurs when the
consumer is not sure about the meaning of the
stimulus received.
Perceptual Bias – Occurs when he distorts the
information he receives to fit his established
needs or experiences.
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
Brand Comprehension – The manner in
which the consumer interprets the stimuli
leads him to the stage of brand
comprehension.
- It refers to consumer’s understanding and
overall rating of the brand.
- If the consumer rates it high, it results in
confidence and eventually purchase
decision.
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
Output – Purchase Decision is the Output
After product usage – if consumer is satisfied:
- It will reinforce his positive attitude and
purchase intention about the product and
brand.
- Positive attitude makes the consumer
more attentive to the product’s / brand’s
stimuli and further increases his brand
comprehension.
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
If the Consumer is Dis-satisfied
It will trigger off reaction of negative attitude,
low attention to the product stimuli, poor brand
comprehension and negative intention to
purchase
The Howard-Sheth Model …Contd.
Exogenous or External Variables
These are not directly a part of decision
making process.
They are important as they influence the
consumer.
They vary from one consumer to another and
include:
o Consumer personality traits
o Social class
o Importance of the purchase
o Financial status etc.
Engel-Blackwell-Kollat Model of
Buyer Behaviour
The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Model consists of
four components
1. Information processing
2. Central control unit
3. Decision process
4. Environmental influences
Engel-Blackwell-Kollat Model of Buyer Behaviour
Information Central Environment
Processing Control Unit Influences
Exposure Info. and
Stimuli experience
Personality
Attention F Income
I Culture
L Evaluative Family
Comprehension T criteria
E
Social Class
R Physical
Attitude Other
Retention
Problem recognition
HOLD
Int. search & alternative Output
Ext. Info. evaluation Decision
feedback HOLD Process
Search
Ext. search & alternative
evaluation
HOLD
Purchasing process
Outcomes