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Medidas Del Trabajo de Operaciones
Medidas Del Trabajo de Operaciones
OPERACIONES
Estudio de Métodos
Historical experience
Time studies
Predetermined time
standards (MTM)
Work sampling
© 1995
Corel
Corp.
Historical Experience
Not recommended
Time Studies
2.Variable allowances:
(A) Standing allowance …………….. 2
(B) Abnormal position
(I) Awkward (bending) …………. 2
(ii) Very awkward (lying,
stretching) …………………….. 7
(C) Use of force or muscular energy
in lifting, pulling, pushing
Weight lifted (pounds)
20 ………………………………… 3
40…………………………………. 9
60…………………………………. 17
Rest Allowances (%) for Various
Classes of Work - Continue
(D) Bad light
(i) Well below recommended ….. 2
(ii) Quite inadequate ……………. 5
(E) Atmospheric conditions (heat
and humidity)
Variable ………………………….. 1-10
(F) Close attention
(i) Fine or exacting ……………… 2
(ii)Very fine or very exacting …... 5
(G) Noise level
(i) Intermittent – loud …………… 2
(ii) Intermittent – very loud or
high-pitched 5
Rest Allowances (%) for Various
Classes of Work - Continue
(H) Mental strain
(i) Complex or wide span of
attention ……………………… 4
(ii) Very complex ……………. 4
(I) Tediousness
(i) Tedious ……………………. 2
(ii) Very tedious ……………… 5
Time Studies - Sample Size
zs
Sample size , n
hx
h = accuracy level desired as percent of job element,
expressed as a decimal (5% = 0.05)
z = number of standard deviations required for the
desired level of confidence
s = standard deviation of the initial sample
x = mean of the initial sample
i
x x 2
Note : s
n 1
Considerations in Determining
Sample Size
99.0
99.73 3.00
Time Study Equations
Nonwork time
Allowance factor =
Total time
Element times
Average element time =
Number of cycles
Normal time = Average element time * Perf. Rating
Total normal time
Standard time =
1 - Allowance factor
Predetermined Time Standards
Advantages
Times established in laboratory setting
Useful for planning tasks
Widely accepted by unions
MTM Table for Reach Motion
z p p
n
h