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1
Clickable Periodic Table of the Elements
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2
Why Is the Periodic Table Important?
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3
Periodic Properties of the Elements
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4
Essential Element Facts in Chemistry
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5
10 Periodic Table Facts
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Clickable Periodic Table of

the Elements
Look Up Element Facts on the Interactive Periodic Table
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By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Updated June 05, 2016.

1 18

IA VIIIA

1A 8A

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2

H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He

1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ← VIII → IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar

22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B ← 8 → 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.47 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

55 56 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 190.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222)

87 88 ** 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo

 (223) (226) (257) (260) (263) (265) (265) (266) (271) (272) (277) -- (296) -- (298) -- --

* 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Lanthanide La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Series 138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0

** 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Actinide Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Series (227) 232.0 (231) (238) (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)

Alkali Alkaline Semi- Halogen Noble

Metal Earth Metal Gas

Non Basic Transition Lanthanide Actinide

Metal Metal Metal
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How To Read the Periodic Table of the Elements

Click on an element symbol to get detailed facts about each chemical element. The
element symbol is a one- or two-letter abbreviation for an element's name.
The integer number above the element symbol is its atomic number. The atomic
number is the number of protons in every atom of that element. The number of
electrons can change, forming ions, or the number of neutrons can change,
forming isotopes, but the proton number defines the element. The modern periodic table
orders the element by increasing atomic number. Mendeleev's periodic table was
similar, but the parts of the atom weren't known in his day, so he organized elements by
increasing atomic weight.
The number below the element symbol is called the atomic mass or the atomic weight.
It's the sum of the mass of protons and neutrons in an atom (electrons contribute
negligible mass), but you may notice it isn't the value you'd get if you assumed the atom
had an equal number of protons and neutrons. The atomic weight values may be
different from one periodic table to another because it's a calculated number, based on
the weighted average of the natural isotopes of an element. If a new supply of an
element is discovered, the isotope ratio may be different from what scientists previously
believed. Then, the number may change. Note, if you have a sample of a pure isotope
of an element, the atomic mass is simply the sum of the number of protons and
neutrons of that isotope!

Element Groups and Element Periods

The periodic table gets its name because it arranges the elements according
to recurring or periodic properties. The groups and periods of the table organize
elements according to these trends. Even if you didn't know anything about an element,
if you knew about one of the other elements in its group or period, you could make
predictions about its behavior.
Groups
Most periodic tables are color-coded so that you can see at a glance which elements
share common properties with each other. Sometimes these clusters of elements (e.g.,
alkali metals, transition metals, non-metals) are called element groups, yet you'll also
hear chemists refer to the columns (moving top to bottom) of the periodic table
called element groups. Elements in the same column (group) have the same electron
shell structure and the same number of valence electrons. Since these are the electrons
that participate in chemical reactions, elements in a group tend to react similarly.
The Roman numerals listed across the top of the periodic table indicate the usual
number of valence electrons for an atom of an element listed below it. For example, an
atom of a group VA element will typically have 5 valence electrons.

Periods
The rows of the periodic table are called periods. Atoms of elements in the same period
have the same highest unexcited (ground state) electron energy level. As you move
down the periodic table, the number of elements in each group increases because there
are more electron energy sublevels per level.

Periodic Table Trends

In addition to the common properties of elements in groups and periods, the chart
organizes elements according to trends in ionic or atomic radius, electronegativity,
ionization energy, and electron affinity.
Atomic radius is half the distance between two atoms that are just touching.Ionic radius
is half the distance between two atomic ions that are barely touching. Atomic radius and
ionic radius increase as you move down an element group and decrease as you move
across a period from left to right.
Electronegativity is how easily an atom attracts electrons to form a chemical bond. The
higher its value, the greater the attraction for bonding electrons. Electronegativity
decreases as you move down a periodic table group and increases as you move across
a period.
The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or atomic ion is
its ionization energy. Ionization energy decreases moving down a group or column and
increases moving from left to right across a period or row.
Electron affinity is how easily an atom can accept an electron. Except that the noble
gases have practically zero electron affinity, this property generally decreases moving
down a group and increases moving across a period.

The Purpose of the Periodic Table

The reason chemists and other scientists use the periodic table rather than some other
chart of element information is because the arrangement of elements according to
periodic properties helps predict properties of unfamiliar or undiscovered elements. You
can use the location of an element on the periodic table to predict the types of chemical
reactions it will participate in and whether or not it will form chemical bonds with other
elements.

Printable Periodic Tables and More

Sometimes it's helpful to print out a periodic table, so you can write on it or have it with
you anywhere. I've got a large collection of periodic tables you can download to use on
a mobile device or print. I've also got a selection of periodic table quizzes you can take
to test your understanding of how the table is organized and how to use it to get
information about the elements.
Related
 Know the Periodic Properties of the Elements
 Easy To Use Chart of Periodic Table Trends
 Why the Periodic Table Is Important
 Review the Periodic Properties of Elements

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Why Is the Periodic Table

Important?
Importance of the Periodic Table

The periodic table is one way to organize the elements according to recurring trends in their
properties. Lawrence Lawry, Getty Images
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By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

The modern periodic table has changed since Mendeleev'soriginal table, yet both the
first tables and the modern table are important for the same reason: The periodic table
organizes elements according to similar properties so you can tell the characteristics of
an element just by looking at its position on the table.
Before all the naturallyoccurring elements were discovered, the periodic table was used
to predict the chemical and physical properties of elements in the gaps on the table.
Today, the table can be used to predict properties of elements yet to be discovered,
although these new elements are all highly radioactive and break down into more
familiar elements almost instantly.
The table is useful for modern students and scientists because it helps predict the types
of chemical reactions that are likely for an element. Rather than memorize facts and
figures for each element, a quick glance at the table reveals a lot about the reactivity of
an element, whether it is likely to conduct electricity, whether it is hard or soft, and many
other characteristics.
CONTINUE READING BELOW OUR VIDEO
Trends In The Periodic Table
Elements in the same column as each other (groups) share similar properties. For
example, the elements in the first column (the alkali metals) are all metals that usually
carry a 1+ charge in reactions, react vigorously with water, and combine readily with
nonmetals.
Elements in the same row as each other (periods) share highest unexcited electron
energy level.

Another useful feature of the periodic table is that most table provide all the information
you need to balance chemical reactions at a glance. The table tells an elements atomic
number and usually its atomic weight. The usual charge on an element is indicated by
an element's group.

Trends or Periodicity

The periodic table is organized according to trends in element properties:

Moving Left to Right Across the Row

Atomic Radius Decreases

 Ionization Energy Increases
 Electron Affinity Generally Increases (except Noble Gases)
 Electronegativity Increases
Moving Top to Bottom Down a Column
  Atomic Radius Increases
 Ionization Energy Decreases
 Electron Affinity Usually Decreases Moving Down a Group
 Electronegativity Decreases

Summary

To summarize, the periodic table is important because it is organized to provide a lot of

information about elements and how they relate to each other in one easy-to-use
reference:

1. The table can be used to predict properties of elements, even those that have
not been discovered.
2. Columns (groups) and rows (periods) indicate elements that share similar
characteristics.
3. The table makes trends in element properties apparent.
4. The table provides important information used to balance chemical equations.

Learn More

 10 Periodic Table Facts

 Memorize the First 20 Elements
 Periodic Properties of the Elements

Get a Periodic Table

 Free Printable Periodic Tables

 Online Periodic Table
Related
 Know the Periodic Properties of the Elements
 Easy To Use Chart of Periodic Table Trends
 Learn Chemistry with this Periodic Table Study Guide
 10 Interesting Periodic Table Facts

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