1. A step index multimode optical fiber has a core radius of 25µm and cladding refractive index of 1.45.

If it
has a limiting intermodal dispersion of 10nm/km, find its acceptance angle. Also calculate the maximum
possible data transmission rate that the fiber would support over a distance of 20km.

2. Consider a multimode fiber with a core diameter of 100 µm, core refractive index of 1.4750, and a cladding
refractive index of 1.4550 both at 850 nm. Consider operating this fiber at λ = 850 nm. (a) Calculate the V-
number for the fiber and estimate the number of modes. (b) Calculate the wavelength beyond which the
fiber becomes single mode. (c) Calculate the numerical aperture. (d) Calculate the maximum acceptance
angle. (e) Calculate the modal dispersion.

3. Consider an optical link consisting of a 5 km-long step-index fiber with core index 1.49 and ∆=1.0%. Find
the delay difference at the fiber end between the slowest and fastest modes. Calculate the maximum bit
rate that can be transmitted over the fiber link without significant errors. What is the bandwidth-distance
product of this fiber?

4. An optical communication link is designed to transmit data over a (single-mode) optical fiber of 100 km,
with fiber loss of 0.2 dB/km, six splices with 0.05 dB per splice loss, and two connectors with 0.2 dB per
connector. The receiver sensitivity is 20 µW. What is the minimum transmitter power (express in both mW
and dBm)?

5. For the system of Problem 4, the transmitter operates at 2.5 Gb/sec at a central wavelength of 1550 nm,
with a spectral line width of ∆λ = 0.5 nm.
a. If the fiber has a dispersion parameter of M = −20 ps/nm.km, then will the system work?
b. If not, then what is the minimum length of dispersion compensating fiber with a dispersion
parameter M =100 ps/nm.km needed at the end of the link to achieve the intended bit rate?

6. Consider a InGaAsP-InP laser diode which has an optical cavity of length 250 microns. The peak radiation
is at 1550 nm and the refractive index of InGaAsP is 4. The optical gain bandwidth (as measured between
half intensity points) will normally depend on the pumping current (diode current) but for this problem
assume that it is 2 nm.
(a) What is the mode integer m of the peak radiation?
(b) What is the separation between the modes of the cavity? Please express your answer as Δλ.
(c) How many modes are within the gain band of the laser?
(d) What is the reflection coefficient and reflectance at the ends of the optical cavity (faces of the
InGaAsP crystal)?

7. (a) Determine the maximum value of the energy gap which a semiconductor, used as a photoconductor,
can have if it is to be sensitive to yellow light (600nm). (b) A photodetector whose area is 5×10-2 cm2 is
irradiated with yellow light whose intensity is 2 mW cm–2. Assuming that each photon generates one
electron-hole pair, calculate the number of pairs generated per second. (c) From the known energy gap of
the semiconductor GaAs (Eg = 1.42 eV), calculate the primary wavelength of photons emitted from this
crystal as a result of electron-hole recombination. Is this wavelength in the visible? (d) Will a silicon photo
detector be sensitive to the radiation from a GaAs laser? Why?

8. Consider a dispersion flattened SM optical fiber with 6ps/nm.km dispersion over 1550nm transmission
window. The fiber employs WDM transmission in the same window with 35 wavelengths over a 500km
link. Calculate maximum transmission capacity (in Gbps) assuming Laser with spectral width of 20GHZ.