PENGARUH SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN BUDAYA TERHADAP

KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA PUTRI YANG

MENIKAH DINI DI DESA SILIGASON
KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN
TAHUN 2015

Oktafiana Manurung
Staf Pengajar STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan

ABSTRACT

Background: According to the annual data of the Local Administration of Siligason

Village, Simalungun District, there were 36.8% of below 20 year-old teenagers who
got married in 2013, 35% in 2012, and 20% in 2014. The average of them were High
School graduates or under.
Goald: The objective of the research was to analyze the correlation of economy and
culture with health reproduction of female teenagers who performed early marriage.
Method: The research was a survey with cross sectional design. The population was
35 female teenagers who performed early marriage and had given childbirth at
Siligason Village, Simalungun District, and all of them were used as the samples,
taken by using total sampling technique. The data were gathered by conducting
interviews and questionnaires and analyzed by using univatriate analysis, bivatriate
analysis with chi square test, and multivatriate analysis with multiple logistic
regression analysis at the significance level of 95%.
Result : The result of the research showed that 77.1% of the respondents had good
health reproduction, and 22.9% of the respondents had bad health reproduction.
There was the correlation of education, habit, and confidence with health
reproduction of female teenagers who performed early marriage. The variable which
had the most dominant influence was confidence at the coefficient value (β) = 24.624.
The percentage correct value was 88.6% which indicated that education, habit, and
confidence could explain their correlation with health reproduction of female
teenagers who performed early marriage, while the remaining 11.4% was influenced
by the other factors.
Conclusion : It is recommended that the village head and local health care providers
work together in providing counseling for female teenagers about the importance of
knowledge of marriage viewed from the suggested age and is in line with health
reproduction, education, occupation, and culture which influence it.

Keywords: Socio-Economy, Culture, Health Reproduction


PRELIMINARY
Early marriage is a marriage in
teenagers under 20 years old who should not
be ready for marriage. Adolescence is also a
period prone to pregnancy because of early
marriage (young age). Among them are
miscarriage, preterm labor, LBW, congenital
abnormalities, easy infection, anemia in
pregnancy, pregnancy poisoning, and death
(Kusmiran, 2012).
Teenagers are currently experiencing
violence against various kinds. Threats that
can be seen today are premarital sex, early
premature, abortion, sexually transmitted
infections, HIV and AIDS and sexual
violence. The low knowledge of
reproductive health and the strong social
impact on premarital sexual intercourse that
adolescents become populations at risk.
Adolescent reproductive health is
an important factor that must be given
attention to realize healthy society, in
accordance with the vision of Healthy
Indonesia 2015. Youth as the largest age
group in Indonesian population structure, is
the focus of attention and strategic
intervention for future human resource
development as the nation's next generation.
Group of adolescents vulnerable aged 10-19
years, according to the proportion of
teenagers in the world estimated 1.2 billion
or about 1/5 of the total world population
(MOH, 2010).
Based on the monitoring of
researchers that early marriage in the
Siligason Village is still heavily based on
the customs of the local community. Women
who have certain occupations before
marriage tend not to wish to live in marriage
with men who are arranged by parents. Not
a few parents ask their children to stop
working alone and get married. Old long-
termed cultural values assume that
menstruation is the adult childhood of a
1
parent in the village. Young women who
marry early many come from large families
(the number of children more than 3 people),
with limited economic circumstances and an
apathetic attitude, resigned to the fate and
circumstances. This situation causes many
young girls who drop out of school and
eventually married by parents at an early
age.
According to the annual data of the
Siligason regency government of
Simalungun regency, the number of married
marriages under 20 years old in 2013 was
36.8% and 35.4% in 2012 and at the
beginning of June 2014 20% of adolescents
were married under age 20 years and
average married after high school graduation
or before high school graduation.
Based on the data on early marriage in
Indonesia and previous research described
above and the factors mentioned earlier, as
well as looking at the facts that occurred in
Siligason Village, researchers wanted to
know more about "The Effect of Socio-
Economic and Culture on Adolescent
Reproductive Health Daughter Married
Early In Siligason Village Simalungun
Regency Year 2015 ".
.
PROBLEMS
Based on the above background can
formulate the problem in this research is
how the influence of Socio-Economic and
Culture on Reproductive Health of Young
Women Who Married In Siligason Village
Simalungun Regency Year 2015. "
RESEARCH PURPOSES
The purpose of this study is to analyze to
analyze the influence of Socio-Economic
and Culture on Reproductive Health of
Young Women Who Married In Siligason
Village Simalungun Regency Year 2015. "

BENEFITS OF RESEARCH
1. For the Village Head
Providing input to the Village Head in
Simalungun District in providing counseling
to the community related to early marriage
that can lead to pregnancy complications
and so on.
2. For the Community
Providing information to the community
especially parents about early marriage and
the impact of early marriage so that the
community can be vigilant and guide their
children to the behavior and association of
their children and this research is expected
to give contribution to the teenagers about
the negative impact of early marriage and as
consideration to the teenage couple who
want to carry out an early marriage.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Variable Independent Dependent
VariableFigure 1. Concept Research
Framework
RESEARCH METHODS
Research design
This research is a survey research with cross
sectional approach that is intended to find
out the socio-economic and cultural
influence on reproductive health of
adolescents who get married early in
Siligason village of Simalungun Regency in
2015, where measurement or observation is
done at the same time on the data of
independent and dependent variable (once
time).
Location and Time of Study
The research was conducted in the
village of Siligason Subdistrict of Tanah
Jawa, Simalungun Regency. The reason for
choosing this location is because of 68
teenagers residing in Siligason village of
Simalungun Regency found 35 adolescent
girls married at <20 years old.
2
The study took place from January 2015 to
July 2015. Stages were carried out from pre-
survey, research proposal and consultation
of supervisors up to comprehensive
examination.
Population and Sample
Population is the whole object of research or
object under investigation.Population in this
study is all young women who married early
and had been pregnant and give birth in
Siligason Village District Simalungun
Subdistrict of Java, which amounted to 35
people aged 10-19 years
The sample is the object under study and is
considered to represent the entire
population. The samples used in this study
were all young women who got married
early and had been pregnant and gave birth
in Siligason Village, Simalungun District,
Tanah Java Subdistrict, which amounted to
35 people aged 10-19 years with sampling
technique using total sampling technique.
Data analysis method
1. Univariate Analysis
Univariate analysis is an analysis that
emphasizes the description or description of
data obtained, describes the frequency
distribution of each independent and
dependent variables.
2. Bivariate Analysis
Bivariate analysis is to see whether or not
there is a socio-economic, cultural, influence
on young marriage in Siligason Village of
Simalungun Regency by using Chi Square,
with consideration of research variables
grouped or categorized.
3. Multivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis is a further analysis to
determine whether or not the influence of
independent variables to the dependent
variable together. The result of multiple
logistic regression analysis can be concluded
 3

by looking at the p value at 95% confidence

level, if the variable has p> 0,05, it does not Table 2. Distribution of Respondent
have significant influence and is expelled Frequency by Education
from multiple logistic regression analysis
model, the variable having p value <0.05 education N %
means having a meaningful effect. High 21 60
Determination of the most dominant Low 14 40
variable influential is expressed with the Amount 35 100,0
highest value of B. To see the individual 3. Work
probability is done by the following The distribution of job-based respondents in
equation: early married adolescents in the Siligason
P (X) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (- (a1b1 + a2b2 ....... + village of Simalungun Regency was mostly
BiXi))) 25 people (71.4%) working and as many as
Information ; 10 people (28.6%) did not work as in Table
P = Probability 3 below:
b1,2,3,, n = Regression Coefficient Value
X1,2,3, n = Independent variable Table 3. Frequency Distribution of
Respondents by Work
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Univariate Analysis Persentase
1. Revenue Work N
(%)
The distribution of respondents based on the Working 25 71,4
income of teenage girls who got married Does not work 10 28,6
early in Siligason village of Simalungun Amount 35 100,0
Regency is mostly 18 people (51,4%) low 4. Habit
income and 17 people (48,6%) high income Based on the distribution of respondents
as in Table 1 below: about the habits of adolescent girls who
Table 1. Distribution of Respondents married early in the village of Siligason
Frequency Based on Revenue Simalungun Regency can be described that,
most respondents have a habit that supports
INCOME N % 23 people (65.7%) and who have a habit
low 18 51,4 does not support, as many as 12 people
high 17 48,6 (34.3% ) can be seen in Table 4 below:
amount 35 100,0
Table 4. Distribution of Respondents
Frequency Based on Habit
b. Education
The majority of teenage girls who got Persentase
married early in Siligason village of Habit N
(%)
Simalungun Regency were highly educated, Support 23 65,7
21 people (60%) and low educated were 14 Does not suport 12 34,3
(40%) as in Table 2 below: Amount 35 100,0
 4

Based on the analysis of the effect

5. Trust of education on reproduction health of
Based on the frequency distribution adolescent girls who get married early
of female respondents who married early in resulted that high education there are 21
the village of Siligason Simalungun village people that reproduction health less as much
can be described that, most respondents as 1 person (4,8%) and reproductive health
have a supportive belief that is 26 people good as much 20 people (95,2%). Low
(74.3%) and those with non-supportive education as many as 14 people, whose
beliefs of 9 (25.7%) can be seen in Table 5 reproductive health is less as much as 7
below: people (50%) and whose reproductive health
Table 5. Frequency Distribution of is good as much as 7 people (50%). The
Respondents by Trust result of statistical test with chi square test
Persentase showed that there was a significant influence
Trust N between education on reproductive health in
(%)
teenage girls who got married early (p =
support 26 74,3
0,003). The relationship of education to
Does not 9 25,7
reproductive health can be seen in Table 7
support
below:
Amount 35 100,0
Table 7. The Effect of Education on
6. Early Reproduction Early Childhood Reproductive Health in Early Young
Reproductive Health Women
Based on the distribution of
reproductive health frequency of adolescent
girls who married early in Siligason village
Eratly
of Simalungun Regency can be described amou
Pendid Reproduction P
that, most of respondents have good nt
ikan less good
reproductive health that is 27 people
N % N % N %
(77,1%) and who have less reproductive
High 1 4,8 2 95, 2 100,
health, as many as 8 people (22, 9%) can be
0 2 1 0 0,00
seen in Table 6 below:
Low 7 50, 7 50, 1 100,3
0 0 4 0
Table 6. Frequency Distribution of
Respondents Based on Early Young 1. Influence of Early Young Women
Women Reproductive Health Reproductive Health Earning
The cross-link between income and
reproductive health of juvenile married
Early Persentase
teenagers shows that from 17 respondents
Reproduction N (%)
whose income is high there are 14 people
Good 77,1
(824%) whose reproductive health is good
27
and whose reproductive health is less than 3
Less 8 22,9
people (17,6%), while from 18 people
Amount 35 100,0
whose income is low there are 13 people
Bivariate Analysis (72.2%) whose reproductive health is good
1. Influence of Education to Early Young and whose reproductive health is less than 5
Women Reproductive Health people (27,8%). Chi chi square test results
 5

obtained p value = 0.691, thus there is no

effect of income on reproductive health 3. The Influence of Habit to Early Young
adolescent girls who get married early. Women Reproductive Health
Table 8. The Influence of Revenue on Based on the result of analysis of habitual
Reproductive Health in Early Young relationship with reproduction health of
Women adolescent married daughter early, got result
that respondent have habit not support to
Early married early as many as 12 people, and 6
Amoun
Pendap reproduction people (50,0%) which good reproduction
t P
atan less Good health and 6 people (50%) health of
N % N % n % reproduction less while respondents who
High 3 17, 1 82, 1 10 have habit support to married early as much
6 4 4 7 0,0 0,6 as 23 people, and the good reproduction
Low 5 27, 1 72, 1 10 91 health as many as 21 people (91,3%) and 2
8 3 2 8 0,0 people (8,7%) less reproduction health. The
result of statistical test with chi square test
showed there was significant influence
1. Influence of Work on Early Young between early marriage habit to reproductive
Women Reproductive Health health of adolescent daughter (p = 0,011).
The data obtained from 10 respondents did The effect of early marriage habit on
not work as many as 6 people (60.0%) with reproductive health of adolescent girls can
good reproductive health and 4 people be seen in Table 10. below:
(40.0%) whose reproductive health was less,
while from 25 respondents who worked Table 10. Influence of Early Marriage
there were 21 people (84.0%) whose Habit to Early Young Women
reproductive health is good and 4 people Reproductive Health
(16.0%) whose reproductive health is less.
Based on the results there is no significant Early
effect of the work on reproductive health in amoun
reproduction
early married adolescent girls (p = 0.186), Customs t P
less good
which can be seen in Table 9 below: n % N % N %
Table 9. Influence of Work on Reproductive Support 2 8,7 2 91, 2 10
Health on Early-Early Daughters of Girls 1 3 3 0,0 0,01
Does not 6 50, 6 50, 1 10 1
Early support 0 0 2 0,0
Amoun
reproduction
Work t p
less good 3. The Influence of Beliefs on Early
n % n % N % Marriage to Early Young Women
Does not 4 40, 6 60, 1 10 Reproductive Health
work 0 0 0 0,0 0,1 In Table 11 it can be seen that
Work 4 16, 2 84, 2 10 86 from respondents with no supportive belief
0 1 0 5 0,0 about early marriage there are 9 people and
3 people (33,3%) which have good
reproductive health and 6 people (66,7%)
 6

whose reproductive health is less, while Educati 3,02 0,03 20,5 1,317
from 26 respondents with beliefs support to on 2 1 39 320,254
early marriage, there are 24 people (92,3%) 3,20 0,01 24,6 2,021
Trust
which have good reproduction health and 2 4 2 24 299,989
people (7,7%) that reproduction health less. -
The result of chi-square test shows that there Consta 0,08 0,14
1,93
is significant influence between belief to nt 1 4
6
early marriage and reproductive health of
adolescent girls who get married early with After a multivariate analysis, it
p value = 0,001. was found that education, beliefs had an
Table 11. The Influence of Beliefs on effect on reproductive health of teenage girls
Early Marriage to Early Young Women who married early in Siligason village of
Reproductive Health Simalungun Regency in 2015
The result of logistic regression analysis on
Early education variable with p (0,031) <0,25
amoun
reproduction indicates that the influence of education to
t
Trust less good P reproductive health of adolescent girls who
% N % N % get married early. Confidence variable with
n p (0,012) <0,25 shows the influence of
Support 2 7,7 2 92, 2 10 belief on reproductive health of adolescent
4 3 6 0,0 girls who get married early. The result of
0,0
Does not 6 66, 9 10 multiple logistic regression analysis shows
01
support 7 3 33, 0,0 that the most dominant variable is the
3 confidence variable that is on the regression
coefficient value B 3.204.
Multivariate Analysis Based on the results of logistic regression
Multivariate analysis in this study using analysis, confidence variables obtained Exp
multiple logistics test is one of the statistical (B) value of 24.624 so it can be concluded
model approach to analyze the influence of that the beliefs that support the early
several independent variables (more than marriage will have 24 times greater
one) to categorical dependent variable probability of having a good reproductive
dichotomy or binary. Variables included in health compared with beliefs that do not
multiple logistic regression prediction model support to early marriage, education
are variables with p value <0.25 on Chi- variables obtained the value Exp (B) of
Square test result that is education, custom, 20,539 so it can be concluded that the higher
trust with Backward LR method. The education will have 20 times greater
variables selected in the final model of probability of having a good reproductive
logistic regression with the Backward LR health compared with low education.
method as tested in Table 12 below: Based on the results of the research note that
Table 12. Final Result of Regression Test from the variables of education, trust is
tested by logistic regression, it is stated that
Exp 95%CI education, belief has an influence on
Variab reproductive health of adolescent girls who
B Sig. B Lower
el married early in Siligason village of
Upper

Simalungun Regency 2015 with percentage
correct value = 88,6 meaning education,
reproductive health variation in early
married adolescent girls in Siligason village
of Simalungun Regency 2015 was 88,6%,
11,4% were influenced such as family,
environment, mass media support not
included in this research variable.
Based on the results of multiple logistic
regression analysis can be determined
multiple logistic regression equation model
that can interpret the educational factors, the
beliefs that affect the reproduction health of
teenage girls who married early in the
village Siligason Simalungun District in
2015 are as follows:
P (X) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (- (a1b1 + a2b2 ....... +
BiXi)))
P (X) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (- (- 1,936 + 3,022
(education) +3,204 (trust)))
P (X) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (- (- 1,936 + 3,022 (1)
+3,204 (1))))
P (X) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (- (4.29)))
P (X) = 1 / 1,0137
P (X) = 0.986
Information :
Q: Probability of reproductive health of
adolescent girls
X1: education, regression coefficient 3.022
X2: trust, regression coefficient 3,204
The equation above states that respondents
who have low education, beliefs that do not
support to early marriage has a probability
of 98.6% have poor reproductive health.
DISCUSSION
1. Influence of Education on Young
Women Reproductive Health Early
Married in Siligason Village of
Simalungun Regency 2015
In the univariate analysis it was found that
high education was 21 people (60.0%), this
was supported due to the high economic
condition of the family. Chi-Square test
results obtained p value = 0.003 (P <0.05)
7
means there is influence between education
on reproductive health in adolescent girls
who get married early. The result of logistic
regression test shows that there is influence
of education to reproductive health in
teenage girls who get married early.
Obtained value Exp B 20,539 means that the
influence of respondents who have low
education have a chance to marry early 20
times larger than those with high education.
The result of this research is in line with the
research of Suryaningrum (2009) that
education has significant influence with
married age with p = 0,001 value with OR
value 2,9 meaning education 2,9 times risk
of early marriage compared to unmarried
2. The Influence of Early Marriage
Habits on Young Women Reproductive
Health in Siligason Village of Simalungun
Regency 2015
The result of this research is
majority of habit that support to get married
early that is 23 people (65,7%). There is an
influence between early marriage habit to
reproductive health of adolescent daughter
with p value = 0,011 (p <0,05). Referring to
the result that the more local customs
support to early marriage, the better
reproductive health of adolescent girls who
get married early, compared with the habit
that does not support about early marriage.
The result of this research is in line with
research of Aditya Dwi Hanggara, dkk
(2010) that early marriage in Gejugjati
Village Lekok Sub-district Pasuruan
Regency (local culture) has significant
influence with early marriage with p = 0,001
with OR value 3,1 meaning habit families to
marry early have a risk for premature
marriage 3.1 times compared with groups
who are not married early. In line with the
research Landung (2010) and Bayisenge
(2009), showed that cultural factors (habits)

is one of the factors that strongly influence
early marriage.
3. The Influence of Beliefs on Early
Marriage to Young Women Reproductive
Health in Siligason Village of Simalungun
Regency 2015
Based on the results of analysis it is known
that supportive belief about early marriage is
26 people (74.3%), while the belief that does
not support about early marriage there are 9
people (25,7%). Supported with background
of respondent habit majority support to
married early that is as much as 23 people
(65,7%). The result of statistical analysis by
using Chi Square test obtained p value =
0,001 (p <0,05) meaning there is influence
between belief to married early with
reproductive health of adolescent daughter
that is more belief of local community
support terntang married early, the better
reproductive health adolescent daughter
married early, compared with the habit that
does not support about early marriage.
The result of logistic regression test shows
that there is influence of belief about early
marriage to reproductive health of
adolescent girls who get married early.
Obtained value Exp B 24,624 means that the
influence of respondents with confidence in
support for early marriage has the
opportunity to have a good reproductive
health 24 times greater than the belief that
does not support the early marriage.
According to Suhartatik research (2012), it
shows that there is a cultural relationship to
early marriage in Bangsri Sub-district of
Jepara and gives the biggest contribution of
8.43% to early marriage
CONCLUSION
1. Teen Puteri who have high education and
there is influence of education to
reproductive health of teenage daughter who
got married early in Siligason village of
8
Simalungun Regency. Higher education has
20 times greater chances of having good
reproductive health than low education.
2. Supporting belief about early marriage
equal to 74,3%, and there is influence of
belief to reproductive health of adolescent
girl who married early in Siligason village
of Regency of Simalungun. Trust has a 24-
fold greater chance of having good
reproductive health compared with non-
supportive beliefs about early marriage.
3. Early marriage habits affect the
reproductive health of young girls who
married early in the village of Siligason
Simalungun that is equal to 65.7%.
SUGGESTION
1. For the Village Head and local health
personnel to work together in order to
provide counseling to adolescent girls about
the importance of knowledge about marriage
in terms of the recommended age and
appropriate reproductive health, education,
employment and culture that affect it.
2. There needs to be an effort to improve the
knowledge of local people especially for
teenagers in the village of Siligason through
the construction of schools or higher
education.
3. Young Women are expected to increase
their insight on early marriage, follow
positive and useful activities in order to
learn more to recognize themselves and be
able to choose friends to get along properly
so as to avoid and not fall into the behavior
that resulted in making a decision to get
married at the age early
4. For researchers interested in assessing the
relationship that affects marriage age, it is
necessary to conduct further research by
including other more specific variables that
can measure marriage age

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adhikari, 2011. Konsekuensi Pernikahan
Dini dan Melahirkan di Usia
Remaja. Surabaya : Penerbit Cipta
Karsa.
Ahmad, 2009. Kuatnya Adat Dan Budaya
Penyebab Pernikahan Dini.
http://situs.google.co.id, diakses
tanggal 23 Januari 2015.
Al-Ghifari, A., 2000. Pernikahan Dini,
Dilema Generasi Ekstravaganza.
Bandung: Mujahid
Babatunde Osotimehin, Data Pernikahan
Dini. http://situs.google.co.id,
diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2015.
Bennet, 2010. Pernikahan Dini Solusi
Kehamilan Di Luar Nikah. Bandung
: Penerbit Lembaga Swadaya
Masyarakat.
Chariroh. 2004. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Tingkat Perkawinan dan Perceraian
Suami Isteri Usia Muda di
Pasuruan. Skripsi Malang: Fakultas
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Dariyo, A. 2003. Psikologi Perkembangan
Dewasa Muda. Jakarta: PT
Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia
Djoko,dkk, 2012. Ilmu Budaya Dasar,
Cetakan keduabelas. Jakarta : PT
Bumi Aksara.
Grogger B, 2010. Status Ekonomi Keluarga
Di Pedesaan. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara.
Hanggara, 2011. Jumlah Pernikahan Dini
Makin Meningkat.
http//erfins.wordpress.com/category
9
/jumlah-pernikahan-dini-meningkat.
Diakses 13 Februari 2015.
Hanum, L. 2011. Pernikahan Dini dan
Perjodohan.
http://situs.google.co.id, diakses
tanggal 29 Januari 2015.
Hidayat,A., 2010. Metode Penelitian
Kesehatan Paradigma Kuantitatif.
Surabaya: Health Books Publishing
Hurlock, E. 2003. Definisi Remaja. Jakarta :
Penerbit Grafindo.
Landung, J. 2009. Studi Kasus Kebiasaan
Pernikahan Usia Dini Pada
Masyarakat Kecamatan Sanggalangi
Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Jurnal
MKMI, Vol. 5 No.4. Oktober
2009, hal 89-94.
Pinem S, 2009. Kesehatan Reproduksi dan
Kontrasepsi. Jakarta : Trans Info
Media
Puspitasari, 2009. Faktor-faktor Penyebab
PernikahanDini.
http://situs.google.co.id, Diakses
tanggal 5 Februari 2015
Rafidah dkk, 2009. Faktor-faktor yang
Berhubungan dengan Pernikahan
Usia Dini di Kabupaten Purworejo
Jawa Tengah. Yogyakarta : Berita
Kedokteran Masyarakat.
Sarwono, S.W., 2006. Psikologi Remaja.
Edisi 10. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo
Persada.
Sarwono SW. 2010. Psikologi Remaja.
Cetakan ke-13. Jakarta: Rajawali
Pers.
Walgito, B. 2008. Psikologi Sosial (Suatu
Pengantar), Edisi Revisi,
Yogyakarta: Andi.
 10

Widyastuti, Y., Anita R., Yuliasti E.P, 2009.

Kesehatan Reproduksi, Cetakan
Pertama, Yogyakarta: Fitramaya,