Bismillah

SCHEME OF STUDY
for
AN UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE

of

B.Sc.(Hons.) ANIMAL SCIENCE

(Contents Revised & Updated August, 2015)

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD-
38040
PAKISTAN

1
 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD
Scheme of Study
for
B.Sc. (Hons.) Animal Science

Semester 4

Course No Course Title Credit Course

hours Type

AH-202 Principles of Animal Husbandry 3(2-1) Elective

AH-204 Fundamentals of Livestock Production 3(2-1) Elective
AH-206 Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-1) Elective
AH-208 Fundamentals of Animal Breeding 3(2-1) Elective
AH-210 Rural Poultry Farming 3(2-1) Elective
A student will opt only 2-3 courses for 5 Credit Hrs but minimum of 20 students will be required to offer a course

Semester 5

Course No Course Title Credit Course

hours Type

ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1) Major

ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1) Major
LM-301 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1) Major
ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1) Major
ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1) Major
PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1) Major
PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery 2(1-2) Major
Management
ANAT-301 Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy 3(2-1) Supporting
PHYS-301 Introduction to Veterinary Physiology 3(2-1) Supporting
Total 20

2
 Semester 6
Course No Course Title Credit Course
hours Type
ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1) Major
ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(2-1) Major
LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1) Major
LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1) Major
ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1) Major
ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 2(1-1) Major
PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1) Major
PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1) Major
MED-302 Introduction to Farm Animal Health 3(2-1) Supporting
Total 19

Semester 7

Course No Course Title Credit Course

hours Type
ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1) Major
LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1) Major
ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1) Major
PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1) Major
Sub Total: 8
List of Elective Courses
(Students will take any four courses from the given list)
ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1) Elective
ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1) Elective
ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1) Elective
ABG-409 International Animal Breeding 3(3-0) Elective
LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1) Elective
LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1) Elective
LM-407 Behavior and welfare of Farm Animals 3(3-0) Elective
ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1) Elective
ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing 3(2-1) Elective
Technology

3
PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1) Elective
AR-401 Physiology of Reproduction 3(2-1) Elective
Sub Total 12
Total: 20

Semester 8

Course No Course Title Credit hours

AH-412 Internship 8(0-8)

Total 8

Semester 1-4 (17+18+19+20) = 74

Semester 5-8 (20+19+20+8) = 67

Total Credit hrs = 141

4
 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Curriculum for
B.Sc. (Hons.) Animal Science

Dept of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours

ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1)

ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1)
ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1)
ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(1-1)
ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1)
ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1)
ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1)
ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1)
ABG-409 International Animal

Dept of Livestock Management

Course No. Course Title Credit Hours

LM-301 Introductory Livestock Management 3(2-1)

LM-303 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1)
LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1)
LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1)
LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1)
LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1)
LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1)
LM-407 Behavior and welfare of Farm Animals 3(3-0)

5
 Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours

ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1)

ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1)
ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1)
ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 3(2-1)
ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1)
ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1)
ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing 3(2-1)
Technology

Department of Poultry Science

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours
PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1)
PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery Management 2(2-1)
PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1)
PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1)
PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1)
PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1)

Department of ABG, LM, PS & IAN&FT

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours
AH-412 Internship 10(0-10)

6
 ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1)

Theory:

Genetics: historical development and scope; Genetic basis of inheritance: cell and cell
division, gametogenesis; Mendelism: basic terminology, Mendel's laws, monohybrid and
polyhybrid crosses; Probability: concept and laws of probability; Chi-square test and its
applications; Modified segregation ratios; Multiple allelomorphism; Genetics of sex: sex
determining mechanisms, sex linkage and its variation; Polygenic inheritance, Pleiotropy,
Linkage, crossing over and chromosomal mapping; Extranuclear inheritance.

Practical:

Microscopic studies on animal cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis. Numerical problems
on topics discussed in theory.

Books Recommended:
1. Lew, K.. 2009. Heredity. Infobase Publishing, New York, USA.
2. Klug, W. S., M. R. Cummings, C. A. Spencer. 2006. Concepts of Genetics.
Prentice Hall, Inc., New Jersey, USA.
3. Lewis, R. 2005. Human Genetics. McGraw-Hill Co. Inc., New York, USA.
4. Stansfield, W. E. 1991. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Genetics.
McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York, USA.
5. Weaver, R. F. and P. W. Hedrick. 1997. Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,
Dubuque, Iowa, USA.

7
ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1)

Theory:

Biochemical basis of heredity: the nature of genetic material, nucleic acids, structure of
DNA and RNA; DNA replication, transcription, and translation; Protein synthesis and its
regulation. Developmental aspects of genetic control: gene expression and cell
differentiation; Control of gene expression in eukaryotes; Genetic basis of immune
response: components of immune system, immune response, genetic diversity in immune
system; Mutations: gene mutations and their types, variation in chromosome structure
and number; Genetic engineering: basic concepts of recombinant DNA technology, gene
cloning and manipulation, application and future.

Practical:

Demonstration of various cytogenetic techniques, karyotyping and banding, DNA

extraction and gel electrophoresis.

Books Recommended:
1. Hodge, R.. 2009. Genetic Engineering: Manipulating the Mechanisms of Life.
Infobase Publishing, New York, NY.
2. Klug, W. S., M. R. Cummings and C. A. Spencer. 2006. Concepts of Genetics.
Prentice Hall, Inc., New Jersey.
3. Lewis, R. 2005. Human Genetics. McGraw-Hill Co. Inc., New York.
4. Weaver, R. F. and P. W. Hedrick. 1997. Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,
Dubuque, Iowa.

8
ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1)

Theory:

Gene and genotypic frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law: forces affecting gene frequency and
composition of population, effective population size; Quantitative characters and their
inheritance; Biometrical concepts in population genetics: measures of central tendency and
dispersion for quantitative traits; Basic theorems of additivity of variance, regression and
correlation concepts; Nature and causes of variation in quantitative traits, partitioning of
hereditary variance; Concepts of heritability and repeatability and methods of their
estimation; Genetic and phenotypic correlations; Genetic basis and causes of variation.

Practical:

Exercises on gene and genotypic frequencies in random mating populations. Numerical

exercises on the estimation of various statistical parameters and hypothesis testing using
computers. Exercises on the estimation of heritabilities, repeatabilities and genetic
correlation from given data. Case studies for lethal, semi-lethal and other genetic
abnormalities in farm animals.

Books Recommended:
1. Hamilton, M. 2009. Population Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, CA, USA
2. Li, C. C. 1988. First Course in Population Genetics. The Box wood Press, Pacific
Grove, California, USA.
3. Legates, J. E. and E. J. Warwick. 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm
Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, USA.
4. Nicholas, F. W. 1996. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. Clarendon Press, Oxford,
UK.

9
ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(1-1)

Theory:

Selection: natural and artificial selection, methods of selection; tandem method, independent
culling level and selection index. Kinds of selection: mass selection, selection based on
multiple records or lifetime average, pedigree selection, progeny testing, family selection;
Selection for single and multiple traits: correlated response, genetic effects of selection,
methods of assessing genetic progress; Various systems of breeding: random mating;
inbreeding and its effects on small and large populations; line-breeding for increased
prepotency; outbreeding; outcrossing, crossbreeding, grading up, phenotypic assortative
matings. Development of inbred lines; lethal genes; selection for best combining abilities;
reciprocal recurrent selection; Breeding for threshold characters.

Practical:

Estimation of genetic gain; evaluation of livestock on the basis of their own performance,
pedigree and progeny. Calculation of breeding values from single and repeated records.
Measurement of coefficient of relationship and inbreeding by methods of paths and
variance-covariance chart. Measurement of heterosis. Estimation of genetic changes in
performance traits due to various mating systems. Exercises on the feasibility of
purebreeding and crossbreeding in farm animals.

Books Recommended:
1. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
2. Lasley, J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall
International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
3. Legates, J. E. and E. J. Warwick. 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm
Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, USA.
4. Lush, J. L (revised by A. B. Chapman and R. R. Shrode). 1994. The Genetics of
Populations. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
5. Willis, M. B. 1998. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding. Blackwell
Science Ltd., UK.

10
ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1)

Theory:

Traits of economic importance in farm animals; selection of dairy heifers and bulls; use of
standardized records; relative economic values, breeding values and selection indices;
crossbreeding for milk and meat production; Traits of economic importance in poultry and
their improvement: formation of breeding stock for layers and broilers; development of dual
purpose birds and rural poultry. National breeding policy for improvement and conservation
of livestock. Review of the animal breeding practices used by the developed countries.
Future breeding plans for genetic improvement of farm animals in different agro-ecological
zones of Pakistan. Emerging bio-technologies for increasing animal productivity.

Practical:

Exercises on the maintenance and standardization of productive and reproductive records.

Estimation of Breeding Values using standardized records. Exercises on the estimation of
relative economic values. Construction of selection indices for large and small animals.
Orientation of computer packages for animal conservation and evaluation.

Books Recommended:
1. Lasley, J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall international
Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
2. McDowell, R. E. 1994. Dairying with Improved Breeds in Warm Climates. Kinnic
Publishers, Inc., Raleigh, NC. USA.
3. Muir, W. M. and S. E. Aggrey. 2003. Poultry Genetics, Breeding and
Biotechnology. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
4. Simm, G. 1998. Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep. Farming Press, Miller
Freeman, UK.

11
ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1)

Theory:

Role of animal breeding in livestock production; Opportunities for breeding and

improvement of farm animals in Pakistan; National breeding policy for improvement and
conservation of livestock; Constraints in improving the productivity of livestock under
traditional breeding systems; Review of the breeding practices used by the developed
countries for increasing the performance of farm animals; Future breeding plans for
improvement of farm animals for increasing productivity in different agro-ecological zones
of Pakistan; Selection as a tool for genetic improvement; Selection protocols for different
recording setups; Crossbreeding for dairy and meat animals; Emerging breeding
technologies for increasing animal productivity.

Practical:

Computation of various productive and reproductive traits in different farm animals from
the available records. Genetic gains and breeding value estimation. Project preparation on
specific topics. Use of internet tools /databases on documentation of animal genetic
resources.

Books Recommended:
1. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
2. CUSOTA. 1991. U.S. Dairy Industry at a Crossroad: Biotechnology and Policy
Choices. Congress of the United States, Office of the Technology Assessment.
U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.
3. McDowell, R. E. 1994. Dairying with Improved Breeds in Warm Climates.
Kinnic Publishers, Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA.
4. MINFAL. 1991. National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Cooperatives. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

12
ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

Beef breeds of the world: tropical breeds; indigenous resources for beef production;
Fundamentals of genetic selection; traits of economic importance; genetic control and
correlations; performance recording and testing; breeding plans: crossbreeding and breed
complementarity’s; implementation of beef improvement programs, use of
biotechnologies; beef breeding and genomics; development of new beef breed; Policy
options for beef breeding in Pakistan.
Practical:

Numerical related to estimation of breeding values, genetic gains and animal selection,
Visit of livestock farms.

Books Recommended:
1. Adams, J. R (coordinating editor). 2008. Cow-Calf Management Guide & Cattle
Producer's Library. J. R. Adams Publishing, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID,
USA.
2. BIF (Beef Improvement Federation). 2008. Proc. 40th Annual Research
Symposium and Annual Meeting. Calgary, Alberta (June 30–July 3, 2008).
3. Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ, USA.
4. Thomas, H.S. 1998. Storey’s guide to raising beef cattle: Health, Handling,
Breeding. Storey Publishing LLC, North Adams, MA, USA.
5. Willis, M.B. 1998. Daltons’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding.
Blackwell Science Ltd. UK.

13
ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

Dairy breeds of cattle and buffaloes; Economic traits and their genetic control, Selection
and breeding for milk, fat and other economic traits; Pure vs crossbreeding; Breeding
value estimation; optimizing genetic progress; Performance recording and
selection/culling decisions; Understanding sire summaries; Application of
biotechnologies in cattle improvement; Application of genomics; Documentation and
conservation of indigenous breeds.

Practical:

Exercises in cattle and buffalo characterization, data recording, animal evaluation,

interpretation of sire summaries.

Books Recommended:
1. Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ, USA.
2. FAO. 2007. State of World’s Animal Genetic Resources.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm
3. Fries, R. and A. Ruvinsky. 1999. The Genetics of Cattle. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
4. Roginski, H., J. W. Fuquay and P.F. Fox (eds.). 2002. Encyclopedia of Dairy
Sciences: Academic Press, London, UK.
5. Simm, G. 1998. Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep. Farming Press, Miller
Freeman, UK.

14
ABG-409 International Animal Breeding 3(3-0)

Theory:

The state of the world’s animal genetic resources; Animal genetic resources of Pakistan
and south east Asia; International efforts for the conservation and development of animal
genetic resources; Biological, political, social and economic factors affecting
international animal breeding; Implication of biotechnology in animal breeding;
Development of new breeds; Importance of Traditional knowledge in animal breeding;
Opportunities for breeding and improvement of farm animals in various regions of the
world; Intellectual property rights (IPR); Documentaries of animal genetic resources.

Books Recommended:
1. FAO. 2007. Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the
Interlaken Declaration. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Rome.
2. FAO. 2007. The State of World’s Animal Genetics Resources for Food and
Agriculture. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
3. Oldenbroek, J. K., 1999. Gene Banks and Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic
Resources. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Health, The Netherlands.

15
LM-301 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1)

Theory

Scope and importance of the dairy industry of Pakistan; characteristics of local, exotic
and crossbred dairy animals; principles of profitable dairy production; buffalo and cow
as major dairy animals; camel as a dairy animal; selection of dairy animals; establishing
a dairy enterprise; raising replacement stock; management of sire, pregnant and lactating
animals; significance of dry buffalo/cow therapy; thermal stress and buffalo/cow
performance; feeding for economical milk production; an ideal udder; defects of udder;
plans and specifications for dairy buildings and equipment; record keeping; dairy herd
improvement associations; dairy system models; modern trends in dairy industry; buying
and selling guide; prophylactic measures; common ailments.

Practical

Demonstration of characteristics of an ideal dairy animal; judging, selection and use of

score cards; body condition scoring; weaning practices; care, handling and feeding of
calves; milking practice (hand/machine milking); identification of dairy breeds; design
and layout plans for dairy buildings; demonstration of dehorning/disbudding, castration,
extra teat removal, teat dipping, hoof trimming, etc; dry cow/buffalo management;
planning for year round fodder availability; fodder preservation practices; preparing
feasibility reports; use of computer for record keeping; visit to dairy farms and shows.

Books Recommended

1. Bath, D.L., F.N. Tucker and R.D. Appleman. 1985. Dairy Cattle: Principles,
Practices, Problems Profits. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
2. Bilal, M.Q. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hysience and Disease Prevention: Bilal
and Usman printers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3. Ensminger, M.E. 1993. Dairy Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers, Danville,
Illinois, USA.
4. Khan.B.B., (Ed.) 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak.TM.
Printers, Faisalabad.
5. Van Horn, H.H. and C.J. Wilcox. 1992. Large Dairy Herd Management.
American Dairy Sci. Assoc., Savoy, II, USA.

16
LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1)

Theory

Introduction to ranges; basic concepts and terminology; range statistics; ecological zones
of world/Pakistan; soil, plant and animal relationship; various range animals; range
management policy; vegetation manipulation and other tools for improvement; important
range and cultivated grasses; trees and shrubs as animal feed; grazing management
systems and supplementary feeding; grazing capacity and stocking rates; effect of
climate on animals and vegetation; shelter on ranges and fence types; wild animals;
poisonous plants, their hazards and prophylactic measures on ranges.

Practical

Identification of various range grasses, trees, shrubs and cultivated forages;

preservation/mounting of important range grass samples; determining range carrying
capacity and forage production, animal units and stocking rates; animal take off rate;
visit to rangelands.

Books Recommended
1. Heady, H.F. 1975. Rangeland Management. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York,
USA.
2. Muhammad, N. 1989. Rangeland Management in Pakistan. International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.
3. Quraishi, M.A.A., G.S. Khan and M.S. Yaqoob. 1993. Range Management in
Pakistan. Kazi Publications, Ganpat Road, Lahore.
4. Quraishi, M.A.A., M.Ishaque and R.A. Khan. 2000. Field Exercises in Range
management and Wildlife. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

17
LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1)

Theory

Domestication, scope of small ruminant industry in Pakistan; share in national economy;

world distribution; feeding, breeding, selection, kidding/lambing, rearing and housing;
nursing orphan kids/lambs; systems of production; sheep and goat as meat and dairy
animals; systems of production; measures for increased production; establishing
commercial flocks; economics of sheep and goat production; preparing feasibility
reports; characteristics and utility of wool, hair/mohair; shearing and handling wool/hair;
sheep and goats on ranges; transportation and marketing; slaughter and flaying; showing
of sheep/goats; keeping flock healthy; common ailments.

Practical

Identification of different sheep and goat breeds; judging for milk, meat and wool/hair
production; farm practices such as castration, hoof trimming, condition scoring; feeding
lambs/kids, identification, docking, drenching, dipping and spraying; dentition; use of
marking harness, housing plans, shearing and handling; grading and sorting wool;
studying characteristics of hair, wool and mohair in the lab; flaying and skin
preservation; various farm records; practical prophylactic measures; shepherd calendar;
visit to sheep and goat farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal and M.I. Mustafa. 2003. Sheep and Goat Production.
Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan.
2. Mackintosh, J.B. 1993. Sheep Production in Pakistan. PARC., P.O. Box: 1031,
Islamabad.
3. Sinn, Rosalee and P. Rudenberg. 2008. Raising Goats-for Milk and Meat. Heifer
International, I World Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72202.
4. Solaiman, S.G. 2010. Goat Science and Production. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

18
LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1)

Theory

Structure and functions of mammary gland; blood and nerve supply to the udder;
mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoises; synthesis of milk; milk ejection- neural
and hormonal component; milking methods; factors affecting milk production and
composition; measure to increase milk production; common malpractices used in milk
production; physical and chemical properties of milk; hygienic milk production;
collection and transportation, processing and marketing of milk; dairy products; milk
ordinance, milk borne diseases.

Practical

Milking practice; hand versus machine milking; milk let down and its inhibition;
removal of residual milk; milking time hygiene, screening tests, macro and micro
structure of udder; analysis of milk; cleaning and sanitizing of barns and equipment; visit
to milk processing plants.

Books Recommended

1. Bilal, M.Q. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman and
Bilal Printers and Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2. Davis, J.G. 1994. Milk Testing. Agro-Botanical Pub. India.
3. Khan B. B. (Ed.) 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak T. M. Printers,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
4. Larson, B.L. 1985. Lactation. The Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames Iowa, USA.
5. Schmidt, G.H. L.D. Van Vlek and M.F. Hutjenes. 1988. Principles of Dairy Science.
2nd Ed. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

19
LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Development of meat industry in Pakistan; important mutton, beef and dual purpose
breeds; meat terminology; systems of meat animal production; breeding and feeding
management; veal and dairy beef; species-wise off take rate; carcass evaluation; cuts
and meat grades; feed additives for enhanced growth and fattening; growth rate and
fattening potential of indigenous livestock breeds; factors affecting carcass and meat
quality; pre-slaughter handling of meat animals; post slaughter changes in carcass;
spoilage of meat; hygienic meat production, storage and preservation; buffalo and camel
as beef animals; marketing of meat animals and meat; economics of meat production;
meat by-products; feasibility reports; modern abattoirs.

Practical

Body conformation of beef/meat animals; dressing percentage; carcass composition and

cuts; judging meat animals; condition scoring of meat animals; preparing animals for
slaughter house; scoring carcass conformation and fatness; humane handling and animal
welfare; slaughterhouse management; practical tips for housing and feeding of meat
animals; visit to slaughterhouses and feed lots; designing modern slaughterhouses.

Books Recommended

1. Ensminger, M.E. 1990. Beef Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers,
Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.
2. Hill, D. 1990. Cattle and Beef Production in the Tropics. ELBS (Ed), Longman,
Singapore.
3. Lawrie, R.A. 1991. Meat Science (5th Ed.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
4. Phillips, C.J.C. 2001. Principles of Cattle Production. CABI Publishing, CAB
International Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
5. Romans, J.R., W.J. Costello, C.W. Carlson, M.L. Greaser and K.W. Jones. 1994. The
Meat We Eat. Interstate Publishers Inc., Danville, IL.

20
LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Contribution of draught animals to agriculture and national economy; draught animal vs.
mechanical power; types and breeds of draught animals; selection, housing; management
and feeding during work and rest; work performance and energetics; comparative
efficiency of draught animals; types of harnesses and equipments; ailments of draught
animals, their welfare and prospects in Pakistan.

Practical

Breaking and training of draught animals; measuring draught power and efficiency; use
of different types of harnesses; examination and certification of draught animals for
soundness.

Books Recommended

1. Payne, W.A.J. 1999. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. ELBS.

Longman, Singapore.
2. Kacker, R.N. and B.S. Panwar. 1996. Text Book of Equine Husbandry. Vikas
Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. India.
3. Iqbal, S.I. (Ed.) 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
4. Khan, B.B., A.Iqbal., and M.Riaz. 2003 Production and Management of Camels.
Pak. TM. Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.
5. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal., M. Yaqoob and M. Riaz. 2005. Husbandry and Health of
Horse. Pak. TM. Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.

21
LM-407 Behavior and Welfare of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

Theory

Basic terminology of behavior and welfare; development of behavior, basic concepts;

why to study behavior; behavioral profiles of farm animals (dairy animals, small
ruminants, equines and camels); types of animal behavior; communication; hormones
and behavior; behavior in relation to training, handling, feeding, transport and slaughter
of animals; animal well-being (the ultimate goal); rights of animals (legal and moral);
eliminating all sorts of stress.

Practical

Methods of assessing behavior; demonstration about five freedoms; observing

territoriality, social behavior including courtship, mate guarding, mate choice and play
behavior; determining flight and fight zones in various species; observing aggressive,
sexual and eliminative behavior and observing cases of undue stress on account of
beating, exposure to severe hot and cold weather, carelessness in feeding, overcrowding,
overloading, underfeeding and overworking by lame, emaciated and diseased animals,
then writing report based on these observations.

Books Recommended

1. Blackshaw, J.K. 2003. Notes on some topics of Applied Animal Behavior. School
of Vet. Sci., Univ. of Queensland, Australia.
2. Goodenough, J. et al. 1993. Perspectives of Animal Behavior. John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
3. Prasad, S. 2004. Animal Behavior. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi,
India.
4. Yadav, P.R. 2007. Animal Behavior. Campus Books International, New Delhi,
India.
5. Ruhela, A. and M. Sinha.2010. Recent Trends in Animal Behaviour. Mehra
Offset Press, Delhi, India.

22
ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory
History, scope and development of science of nutrition; basic terms used in animal
nutrition; feed resources and their classification; plant animal relationship; digestive
organs and processes in different species of animals; absorption of nutrients in different
species; voluntary feed intake; essential nutrients: their classification and functions;
water: its importance and effects of deprivation; factors affecting water balance in animal
body; nutrition in relation to body maintenance; growth and production.

Practical
Parts of digestive system in ruminant and monogastric animals; Identification of feeds
through visual and microscopic methods; Physical characteristics of common feeds;
Procurement of feed samples and their preparation; Introduction to feed analysis scheme.

Books Recommended
1. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal Nutrition.
7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.
2. Ensminger, M.E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.
Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California, USA

23
ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1)

Theory
Metabolic functions of water; metabolism of carbohydrates, classification, digestion,
absorption and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals; glycolysis; lactic acid
and volatile fatty acid fermentation, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway,
gluconeogenesis; glycogenesis and glycogenolysis; metabolism of lipids; classification,
digestion, absorption, and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals; beta oxidation
of fatty acids; fate of glycerol with respect of fat synthesis, glucose/glycogen syntheses
and its oxidation; storage of fat; catabolism of fat and ketosis; metabolism of proteins,
classification, digestion, absorption and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals;
essential and non-essential amino acids, protein quality; fate of absorbed amino acids;
transamination; deamination; deamidation; transmethylation; decarboxylation and
interconversion of amino acids; utilization of non- protein nitrogenous compounds in
ruminants

Practical
Proximate analysis of feeds and feed ingredients; determination of dry matter, crude
protein, ether extract, crude fiber and total ash; acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral
detergent fibre (NDF) analysis

Books Recommended
1. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal Nutrition.
7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.
2. Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry. W.H. freeman and company, New York, USA
3. Pond, W. G., D.C. Church and K.R. Pond. 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding.
4th Ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA.
4. Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan. 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. University of
Agriculture Press, Faisalabad.

24
ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory
Historical perspective of minerals and vitamins; essential mineral elements and their
distribution in living body; classification and their functions; interrelationship and
deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, iron,
copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, fluorine, zinc and selenium;
relationship of minerals with dietary components and mineral toxicity; vitamin:
classification, chemical structure and function of vitamin A, D, E, K, C, and B-complex,
deficiencies, hypervitaminosis; interrelationship among vitamins and other nutrients;
different sources of minerals and vitamins.

Practical
Preparation of feed samples for mineral and vitamin analysis; Demonstration of
analytical techniques for mineral and vitamin analysis.

Books Recommended
1. Ensminger, M.E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and
Nutrition. Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California,
USA
2. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan, 2008. Animal
Nutrition. 6th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical Publisher, UK.
3. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal
Nutrition. 7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.

25
ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 2(2-1)

Theory
Feeding standards, history, usefulness and limitations; nutrient requirements of cattle,
buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels and horses for maintenance, growth, production and
reproduction; measurement of body needs, digestibility and balance trials; factors
affecting digestibility and balance of nutrients; respiratory quotients; partitioning of
nutrients in the body; factors governing energy; protein; minerals and vitamins needs of
farm animals; concept of rumen bypass nutrients.

Practical
Determination of nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance; Determination of energy
value of feedstuffs; demonstration of in sacco technique.

Books Recommended
1. Ensminger, M.E. and J.E. Old field and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.
The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.
2. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan, 2002. Animal
Nutrition. 6th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical Publisher, UK.
3. NRC. 2000. Nutritional Requirements of Beef cattle. 7th Edition. National Academy
Press. Washington USA.
4. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th revised edition. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C. USA
5. Pathak, N.N. 2000. Nutrient Requirement of Buffalo. Deradoon International Books,
India.

26
ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory
Sources and classification of nutrients and their functions; digestion and absorption of
nutrients; metabolism of water, carbohydrates, protein and fats; hormonal control of
metabolism; nutritional diseases caused by vitamins and minerals deficiencies; feed
additives, antibiotics, coccidiostats, antioxidants, probiotics, enzymes, metabolic
antagonistics and incompatibilities in mixed feed, stability, availability, vitamin,
antagonists, amino acids, antimetabolites, goitrogens; drug toxicities; toxic substances in
poultry feed; optimum levels of essential nutrients in poultry rations; amino acids and
energy ratio in poultry rations; nutrients requirements of commercial layers, broilers,
breeders, quails, ducks and turkeys.

Practical
Composition of feedstuffs used in poultry rations; characteristics of poultry rations;
formulation of rations for broilers, layers and breeders, quails, ducks, and turkeys;
introduction to computer ration formulation; economics of poultry rations; visits to feed
mills and poultry farms

Books Recommended

1. Daghir, N. J. 1995. Poultry Production in Hot Climates. CAB International, U.K.

2. Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2001. Commercial Poultry 4th (Ed), University Book.
P.O. Box 1326, Guleph, Ontario, Canada.
3. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy of Sciences, USA.
4. Singh, R. A. 2004. Poultry Production. Kalyani Publishers. New Delhi, Ludhiana.

27
ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

Theory

Feed resources and feeding practices in rural, peri-urban and urban livestock farming;
feeding management of dairy animals in different physiological stages; concept of forage,
concentrate ratios in feeding allowances; forages, nutrient composition, conservation and
system of utilization; drought feeding; treatment of low quality roughages; rumen
development and feeding of young calves; feeding practices of small ruminants;
nutritional management of grazing livestock; utilization of non-conventional feed
resources; principles of feed supplementation; feeding problems and nutritional disorders.

Practical
Principles of balanced ration; formulation of least cost balanced rations for different
classes of farm animals; planning and demonstration of feeding trials; treatment of crop
residues.

Books Recommended
1. Cheeke, P. R. 1991. Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding. Prentice Hall
International, London, U.K.
2. Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.
The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA.
3. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan, 2002. Animal
Nutrition. 6th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical Publisher, UK.
4. Tilden W. P. and R. S. Lowrey. 2004. Feeds and Feeding 6th Ed. Prentice Hall Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.

28
ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing Technology 3(2-1)

Theory
Techniques for estimating nutritive value of feed stuffs an their validity; in vivo and
laboratory techniques; factors affecting the nutritive value of feeds; measures of protein
quality for monogastric; protein efficiency ratio, gross protein value; the essential amino
acid index; protein evaluation systems for ruminants; natural toxicants of feeds and
detoxification; feeding systems for livestock and poultry; raw feed material handling and
storage; mixing, processing and storage of finished feed; quality control in feed
processing; forms of feeds and least cost ration formulation for ruminant livestock;
equine, pets and poultry; feed stuff laws and regulations.

Practical
Use of computer for least cost feed formulation for various classes of livestock and
poultry; availability pattern of feed stuffs in local market and their price structures;
manufacturing of wholesome feed; demonstration of feeding trials for estimating feed
efficiency; visit of feed mills.

Books Recommended
1. Anonymous. 2003. Commercial and Farm Bins. Owner/Operator’s Manual Book
2. Banerjee, G.C. 1999. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH
Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi, India.
3. Cheeke, P.R. 1992. Applied Animal Nutrition. Feeds and Feeding. Delmar Publisher,
Canada.
4. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition
Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA
5. McEllihiney, R.R. 1994. Feed Manufacturing Technology IV. American Feed
Industry Association, Co., Clovis, California, USA

29
PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1)

Theory:
Importance of poultry science; classification of world poultry; poultry breeds and their
characteristics; strains for egg and meat production; incubation methods; principles of
poultry housing; equipments used in poultry production; poultry feeding and its
significance; selection and culling in poultry; waste management; rural poultry
production; bio-security measures; record keeping.

Practical:
Description and demonstration of different poultry breeds; body parts of chicken,
structure of an egg; demonstration of incubators; poultry housing types; selection and
culling techniques; dead bird disposal pit; visits to commercial poultry farms.

Books Recommended:
1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell
Crescent Oakville ON L6L 0A2.
2. Donald, D. B. and W D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
3. Prasad, J. 2008. Poultry Production and Management. 3rd Edition. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi, India.
4. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar. 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission, H-9,
Islamabad, Pakistan.

30
PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery Management 2(1-1)

Theory:

History, development and scope of hatchery industry in Pakistan; collection, handling,

selection, fumigation, storage and transport of hatching eggs; seasonal hatching;
incubation methods; types of incubators and incubation requirements; role of computer in
modern hatchery operations; setting and candling of eggs; daily changes in embryonic
development during incubation, physical act of hatching; factors influencing fertility,
hatchability and quality of chicks; taking off hatch; hatchery services; hatchery sanitation
and waste disposal; trouble shooting during incubation; incubation records.

Practical:

Planning and designing of hatchery; practices regarding collection, selection, cleaning,

fumigation and storage of hatching eggs; demonstration of parts of incubators; setting and
candling of hatching eggs; handling of incubators; disinfection and fumigation of
incubators; observing daily changes during embryonic development; sexing, grading,
detoeing, and dubbing of day old chicks; examining malposition of embryo; dead embryo
and dead in shell; estimation of fertility and hatchability. Trouble tracing chart of the
chick embryo; feasibility report of hatchery, visits to commercial hatcheries.

Books Recommended:
1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell
Crescent Oakville ON L6L 0A2.
2. Donald, D. B and W D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
3. Lakhotia, R.L. 2003. Poultry Eggs. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India.
4. Taylor, L.W. 2003. Fertility and Hatchability of Chicken and Turkey Egg.
International book distributing company, Lucknow, India.

31
PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1)

Theory:

Preparation for receiving day old chicks; brooding requirements and management of
chicks; rearing of young stock; shifting and housing of pullets; cage vs. floor
management; raising broilers, layers and breeders; management of quails, ducks, geese,
peafowl, ostrich and turkeys; feeding practices for broilers, layers and breeders; light
management; causes of poor performance of layer and breeder flocks; managerial
practices to boost egg and meat production; management of flock during hot and cold
climates; cannibalism, vices and their remedies in poultry; induced moulting of spent
layers and breeders; trouble shooting in poultry farms; poultry welfare; poultry waste
disposal; characteristics of an ideal poultry farm manager; cost benefit ratio of different
poultry enterprises; significance of record keeping; use of computers in record keeping.

Practical:

Demonstration and handling of various types of brooders; vaccination, medication, beak

trimming and detoeing techniques; remedies for different vices in poultry; application of
induced moulting techniques; preparation of birds for transportation; computerized record
keeping at farms, feasibility report of 1000 broiler, layer and breeder flocks.

Books Recommended:

1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell
Crescent Oakville ON L6L 0A2.
2. Prasad, J. 2008. Poultry Production and Management. 3rd Edition. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi, India.
3. Donald, D. B. and W. D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
4. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar. 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission, H-9,
Islamabad, Pakistan.
5. Jull, M.A., 2003. Successful Poultry Management. Bio-Tech Books Delhi. India.

32
PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1)

Theory:

Importance and purpose of poultry housing; poultry housing systems; types and styles of
poultry houses; selection of site and location of poultry house; construction of poultry
farm buildings; light, gas and water fittings in poultry houses; heating and cooling
systems; role of house design, insulation, ventilation in environment control housing;
opens-sided and environmentally controlled housing; brooding, rearing and laying house
equipments; feeding and watering systems; automation in housing, equipments and
effective climatic control in poultry houses; feasibility report of poultry housing.

Practical:

Basic principles for site selection and poultry house construction. Demonstration of
poultry farm buildings; designing of farm buildings; poultry house insulation materials;
demonstration and operation of poultry farm equipments; automatic feeding and watering
systems and its trouble shooting, poultry housing practices. Visit to poultry farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Sonaiya, E.B. and S.E.J. Swan. 2008. Small Scale Poultry Production. Discovery
Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
2. Donald, D. B. and W.D. Weaver, Jr. 5th Edition. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat
and Egg Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
3. Maton, A., J. Daelemans and J. Lambrecht. 1985. Housing of Animals: Construction
and Equipments of Animal House. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
4. Batty, J. and H. Batty. 1976. Poultry Houses and Appliances. Spur Publications Co.,
Hill brow, Hampshire, U.K.

33
PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1)

Theory:

Importance of poultry hygiene and disease prevention; terms related to poultry diseases;
disinfectants and their application; cleaning and disinfection of poultry houses and
equipments; fumigation and its importance; prophylactic measures against bacterial,
viral, parasitic and mycotic diseases; nutritional disorders and their prevention; bio-
security measures; significance of drinking water in relation to diseases; practices to
control vertically and horizontally transmitted diseases.

Practical:

Poultry carcass inspection; blood and carcass specimen collection and dispatch to
diagnostic laboratory; vaccines and vaccination; disinfectants, medicines and vaccines
available in market; common practices for bio-security measures; dead bird disposal; visit
to poultry disease diagnostic laboratory.

Books Recommended:

1. Donald, D. B. and W. D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
2. Chauhan, H.V.S. and S. Roy. 3rd Edition. 2007. Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and
Treatment. New age International Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, India.
3. Vegad, J.L. 2007. A Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases. International Book
Distributing Co. Lucknow, India.
4. Vegad, J.L. 2004. Poultry Diseases: A Guide for Farmers and Poultry Professionals.
International Book Distributors Co. Lucknow, India.
5. Haq, A. and T. Ahmed. 2001. Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Pak Book
Empire, Lahore.

34
PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1)

Theory:

Importance of poultry feeding, principles of poultry feeding; common feedstuffs used in

poultry rations; poultry feed formulation; feeding methods and their advantages; forms of
feed; feed and water quality in relation to performance of chickens; factors affecting
quality of feeds; measures to avoid feed toxicity; manual versus automatic feeding
systems; feed and water space requirements; poultry feed additives; storage of poultry
feed to maintain quality; types of poultry diets; poultry feeding strategies during hot and
cold climate; measures to avoid wastage of feed.

Practical:

Different feeding methods; feeding practices; evaluation of poultry feed by gross

examination; storage of commercial feed at farm; mixing of feed additives in poultry
feed; home feed mixing; economics of home feed mixing; visit to commercial feed mill
and environment controlled poultry houses.

Books Recommended:

1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell
Crescent Oakville ON L6L 0A2.
2. Donald, D. B. and W. D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.
3. Ramsubba, R.V. and Dinesh, T. Bhosale. 2004. Handbook of Poultry Nutrition.
International Book Distribution Co. Lucknow, India.
4. Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim. 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger,
Phildelphia, USA.

35
ANAT-301 Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy 3(2-1)

Theory:

Anatomical terminology; classification and functions of skeleton; muscular and nervous

system; skeletal muscles and their function; muscle contraction; levers; neurons;
receptors; the reflex arc; digestive system; the mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands,
pharynx, oesophagus, ruminant and non-ruminant, stomach, intestines, pancreas. liver
and spleen; the peritoneum; respiratory system: the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
and trachea; pleura and lungs; urinary system: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and
urethra; genital system: male genital organs including scrotum, testes, spermatic cord,
vesiculae seminalis, prostate, uterus masculinus, bulbourethra glands and the penis;
female genital organs including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva and
mammary glands; endocrine glands, hypophysis cerebri, epiphysis cercbri, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovary and testes; angiology study of heart, pericardium
and major arteries and veins; superficial lymph glands; anesthesiology: study of sense
organs and the common integument.

Practicals

Identification of the various bones, Ligaments, tendons and their attachment to the bones
of different domestic animals; form, structure and topographical study of various organs
located in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities of different domestic animals.

Books Recommended:

1. Frandson, R.D. 1975. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals.

Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
2. Sisson, A. and Grossman. J.D. 1972. Anatomy of Domestic Animals.
W,B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, U.S.A.
3. Ankers R.M. and D.M. Denbow, 2008. Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic
Animal. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK.

36
 PHYS-301 Introduction to Animal Physiology 3(2-1)

Theory:

Introduction: Intracellular organization and physiology; body fluids, blood, lymph,

cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid. blood circulation and cardiovascular system:
physiological properties and cellular and chemical constituents of blood, blood
coagulation, blood groups and their importance in livestock; the conduction system of the
heart; regulation of cardiac out put, regulation of the heart and blood vessels; regional
circulation and pulmonary circulation; respiratory system: mechanism of respiration,
types of breathing, air volumes and capacities exchange of gases, control of respiration,
artificial respiration; digestive system: ingestion of food by various animals, mastication,
salivation and deglutition, functions of saliva; simple stomach digestion: gastro-intestinal
motility, secretions and functions, liver and pancreatic secretion and functions. digestion
in the ruminant stomach; rumination, fermentation, functions of omasum and abomasum,
absorption from stomach and intestines; water balance and excretion: electrolytes,
physiology of the kidney and physiology of the skin; endocrine glands and their
secretions and functions; physiology of lactation; nervous system; spinal cord and brain
functions, autonomic nervous system.

Practicals

Introduction of various laboratory instruments; collection of blood in different species of

animals and use of anticoagulants; measurements of normal pulse, respiration and rectal
temperature; hematological experiments; determination of blood groups; determination of
blood pressure; determination of various lung capacities & volumes; urine examination
for normal constituents; microscopic examination of urine; test for saliva; dissection for
location of endocrine glands in rat and chicken; visit to university farm for observation on
prehension; mastication and rumination of domestic animals; observation on the stomach
of buffalo, cattle and camel.

Books Recommended

1. Cunningham, J.G. and G.K. Bradley. 2007. Text Book of Veterinary Physiology.
4th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
2. Mohrman, D.E. and L.J. Heller. 2006. Cardiovascular Physiology. McGraw Hill
Co., New York.
3. Swenson J. and W.O. Reece, 2004. Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th
Ed. Comstock Publishing Associates. A Division of Cornell University Press,
Ithaca, USA.
4. Rahman, Z.U., B. Aslam and T. Khaliq, 2010. Physiology-I. Department of
Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 5th Ed. ISBN
978-969-8237-52-3.
5. Ankers R.M. and D.M. Denbow, 2008. Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic
Animal. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK.

37
MED-302 Introduction to Farm Animal Health 3(2-1)

Theory:

Concept of farm animal medicine/herd medicine; methods of prevention and control of

diseases in farm animals; recognition of systemic disorders and introduction to bacterial,
viral, fungal, parasitic and metabolic disorders in farm animals; biosecurity on farms;
systemic disorders: chocking, indigestion, impaction, colic, tympany, pneumonia and
mange etc. bacterial diseases: mastitis, hemorrhagic septicemia, black leg, salmonellosis,
tuberculosis, paratuberculosis brucellosis, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, malignant
oedema, mycoplasmosis, q-fever and bovine farcy; viral diseases: ephemeral fever, foot
and mouth disease, rinder pest bovine viral diarrhea, bovine malignant catarrah,
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, blue tongue, bovine spongiform encephalopathy,
fungal diseases: ring worm, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophilosis, candidiasis,
deg-nala disease and mycotoxicosis; parasitic diseases: cocccidiosis, babesiosis, and
theileriosis, diseases caused by nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and arthopodes.
metabolic disorders and deficiency diseases: parturient haemoglobinuria, milk fever,
transit tetany, lactation tetany, hypomagnasemic tetany, ketosis, vitamins and mineral
deficiencies/imbalances; poultry: gumboro, ND, pullorum, CRD etc.

Practical:

Vaccination and deworming schedule for farm animals; mastitis microbiology, sensitivity
profiling, evaluation of mastitis treatment formulations and teat dips; screening tests of
mastitis; evaluation of milking machine; microbiological examination of milk and other
dairy products for potential human health pathogens, diagnostic techniques for
brucellosis, glanders, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, hydatidosis etc;detection of antibiotic
residues in milk and other dairy products; manual and computerized farm records.

Books Recommended:

1. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P.D. Constable, 2007.
Veterinary Medicine- A Textbook of the Disease of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats
and Horses. 10th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
2. Kahrs, R., 2001. Viral Disease of Cattle, Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford, UK.
3. Khan, B.B., 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak Printers,
Faisalabad.
4. Hungerford, T.G., 1991. Hungerford’s Disease of Livestock. 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill
Book Company Sydney, Australia.

38
AR-401 Introduction to Animal Reproduction 3(2-1)

Theory:

Physiology of female reproduction: puberty and breeding season in farm animals;

hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary, placenta, ovaries and uterus; oestrous cycle,
oogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, gestation and parturition; involution of uterus and
post-partum ovarian activity; methods of heat detection and pregnancy diagnosis.
reproductive efficiency parameters; factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of farm
animals; physiology of male reproduction: puberty in farm animals; hormone of the
testes; spermatogenesis; methods of semen collection; physical characteristics of the
semen of farm animals; artificial insemination.

Practical:

Functional anatomy of male and female reproductive system; in vitro palpation of female
reproductive organs for anatomical and morphological study; observation of oestral
activity; breeding soundness examination of the bull: physical examination of the bull;
preparation of artificial vagina; semen collection and evaluation.

Books Recommended:

1. Hafez, E.S.E, and B. Hafez 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals, 7th Ed., Lea
and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
2. Salisbury, G.W., N. L. Van-Demark and J. R. Lodge, 1978. Physiology of
Reproduction and Artificial Insemination in Cattle. 2nd Ed., W. H. Freeman and
Co. San Francisco, USA.
3. Ball, P.J.H. and A.R. Peters. 2004. Reproduction in Cattle. 3rd Ed., Blackwell
Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.
4. I.A.E.A. 2007. Improving the Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle
subjected to Artificial Insemination. Joint FAO/IAEA Program of Nuclear
Technique in Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome.

39
Supporting course for B.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Sciences (2nd Semester)

&

Elective Courses for B.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Sciences (4th Semester)

40
AH-102 Introduction to Animal Husbandry 4(2-2)

Theory:

Introduction to genetics; basic concepts and role in animal breeding; breeds of livestock; 1.,..

breeds of milch; draught and dual-purpose cattle; breeds of buffaloes, breeds of sheep and
goats; breeding: reproductive cycle, age at puberty, breeding season, gestation, fertility
and sterility and artificial breeding; systems of breeding; principles of selection, bio-
technological techniques in animal breeding and genetics; importance of livestock;
zoological classification; livestock population and products; common
terminology; brief review of principles of livestock management; farm
records; livestock housing; gross composition of milk of various species; milk
products; transportation and welfare of farm animals; b asic terms in animal
nutrition; common feeds and their classification; feeding standards, their
evaluation, usefulness and limitations, nutrients and their functions, rumen
micro flora and factors affecting digestion of cellulose and urea in ruminants,
basic principles of feeding dry, milking and pregnant animals; poultry industry
and its importance; classes, breeds, and varieties of poultry and their
characteristics; selection, care and storage of hatching eggs; types of incubators
and incubation requirements; types of brooders and brooding
requirements; broiler management; layer management; housing at id equipment
for poultry birds.

Practical:

Demonstration and identification of various breeds of livestock; male and female

reproductive organs; exercises on topics related to breeding and selection; bo dy points
of animals; identification and application of various management tools; handling
and restraining of animals; grooming and cleaning of animals; various housing
plans, milk quality analyses; identification of feed samples: formulation of
balanced ration for sheep, goats, cattle and buff aloes; visit to livestock
shows/farms; demonstration of different poultry breeds, selection of hatching,
eggs; handling of incubators and brooders, handling of various farm
equipments, various managemental practices at poultry farm.

Books recommended:

1. Benerjee, G.C. 1998. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publ.
Co., New Dehli, India.
2. Lasley. J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall
International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
3. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar 2004, Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission.
H-9, Islamabad, Pakiktan.
4. Khan,B.B. M. Yaqoob, M,Riaz/.. M.Younas and A.14bal 2004. Livestock
Management. Manual. Dept. of Livestock Management, University of
Agriculture Faisalabad.

41
5. Khan,B.B., M, Yonas, M.Riaz and M. Yaqoob. 2005. Breeds of
Livestock in
-
Pakistan. Pak I.M, Printers, Aminpur Bazar, Faisalabad. Pakistan.
6. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan. 2008.
Animal Nutrition. (6th Ed.) Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers,
UK.
7. Shah, S.I. (ed.) 1994. Animal 1.1kisbandry. National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.

42
AH-202 Principles of Animal Husbandry 3(2-1)

Theory:

Introduction, present status and future scope of poultry industry; introduction to housing
and equipments; incubation practices; principles of poultry management; principles of
diseases prevention; record keeping; introduction to animal breeding; phenotype and its
components; genetic variation in farm animals; traits of economic importance in farm
animals; genetics improvement, breeding systems, forces that change gene frequency;
genetic parameters, heritability, repeatability, correlations, selection strategies for
different traits of economic importance; modern developments in animal breeding.

Practical:

Demonstration of poultry farm practices; cleaning and disinfections of poultry farm and
incubators; manual vs automatic feeding; beak trimming; fumigation; bio-security
measures; problems related with the topics covered in theory part of ABG.

Books Recommended:

1. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver, 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. 5th Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Norwell
Massachausetts 02061, USA.
2. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar, 2004. Poultry Farming, Higher Education
Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3. Singh, R.A. 2004. Poultry Production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India
4. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ., USA.
5. Wills, M.B. 1991. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding,
Blackwell publishing, oxford UK.

43
AH-204 Fundamentals of Livestock Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Taxonomic classification of domestic animals; types and breeds of farm animals;

livestock and their products; measures to increase milk and meat production; housing of
farms animals; economics of livestock farming; judging and selection, hygienic milk
production; livestock production systems; animals welfare; prophylactic measures.

Practical

Recognizing various breeds of farm animals; identification; feeding practices;

vaccination; shearing, deworming; record keeping.

Books Recommended

1. Banerjee, G.C. 1998. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publ,
Co., New Delhi, India.
2. Bilal, M.Q., and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman
and Bilal Printing Linkers Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3. Khan, B.B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A. Iqbal. 2004. Livestock
Management Manual. Pak TM Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.
4. Khan, B.B., 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak TM Printers
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
5. Shah, S.I., 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad,
Pakistan..

44
AH-206 Introduction to Animal Nutrition 3(2-1)

Theory:
Importance of nutrition in livestock and poultry production; basic concepts of animal
nutrition; feed resources and their utilization; soil plant animal relationship; digestive
systems, digestion and absorption of nutrients in different classes of livestock and
poultry; factors affecting nutrient intake in livestock and poultry; factors affecting water
needs in animal body; anti nutritional factors in feed ingredients.

Practical
Identification of feed ingredients through visual and microscopic methods; physical
characteristics of common feeds; feed ingredients and feed storage practices under farm
conditions; introduction to different components of feed mills; conservation of forage

Books Recommended
1. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalgh and C.A. Morgan. 2002. Animal
Nutrition. 6th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical Publisher, UK.
2. Khan, M.L. 2001. Poultry Feeds and Nutrition. Kitabistan Pub. Co. 38, Urdu Bazar,
Lahore.
3. Khan, M.L. 2001. Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition. Kitabistan Publishing Co. 38,
Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
4. Ensminger, M. E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.
Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California, USA

45
AH-208 Fundamentals of Animal Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

History of animal genetics; animal genetic resources of Pakistan; role of animal breeding in
livestock production; biometrical concepts for assessing variation and association among
traits; Quantitative characters and their inheritance in different species; breeds and their
keepers, breeding methods for sustainable use of animal genetic resources; Opportunities for
breeding and improvement of farm animals in Pakistan; Conservation of animal genetic
resources: scope, techniques and problems; Biotechnologies in animal breeding.
Practical:

Exercises on biometrical concepts related to measures of central tendency, measures of

dispersions and association among traits at phenotypic and genetic level.

Books Recommended:

1. Adebambo, O. 2010. Fundamentals of Animal Breeding and Genetics: History of

animal genetics, African indigenous animal genetic resources, breed selection,
development and statistical examples. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Publishing Co.,
UK [www.amazon.co.uk]
2. Lasley. J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall
International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
3. Legates, J. E. and E. J. Warwick. 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm
Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, USA.
4. Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York,
USA.

46
AH-210 RURAL POULTRY FARMING 3(2-1)

Theory:

Status of rural poultry production in Pakistan; significance and scope of rural poultry
farming; desi vs commercial poultry products; consumer attitudes; choosing right rural
breed / strain for meat and egg production; housing and equipments; natural incubation;
incubation requirements for small incubators; characteristics of broody hen; selection of
hatching eggs; nest preparation; management during incubation; management during
brooding, growing and laying; selection of feed ingredients; feed formulation for rural
poultry farming; feeding and watering practices; vaccination, medication and parasitic
control; impact of season on performance of rural poultry; record keeping; marketing of
rural poultry and its products; measures to improve rural poultry production.

Practical:
Demonstration of suitable breeds for rural poultry production; types of houses and
equipments; selection of a good broody hen; nest preparation for natural incubation;
collection, selection, cleaning, grading and storage of hatching eggs; care of hen and eggs
during incubation process; feeding and watering practices; management during brooding,
rearing and production; selection and culling techniques; differentiation between laying
and a non laying hen; vaccination and medication; preparation and handling of small
incubators; feasibility report for 100 rural poultry birds; visit to government poultry
farms.

Books Recommended:
1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press, 3333 Mistwell
Crescent, Oakville, ON L6L 0A2.
2. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg
Production. 5th Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Massachusetts
02061 USA.
3. Sonaiya, E.B. and S.E.J. Swan. 2008. Small Scale Poultry Production. Discovery
Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
4. Sreenivasaih, P.V. 2006. Scientific Poultry Production. 3rd Revised Edition,
International Book Distributing Company, Lucknow, India.

47