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Rmo 2011 Solutions PDF
Rmo 2011 Solutions PDF
∠ABE = ∠F BK = ∠F DK
= ∠F DA = ∠DAC,
since F D k AC.
2. Let (a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , a2011 ) be a permutation (that is a rearrangement) of the num-
bers 1, 2, 3, . . ., 2011. Show there exist two numbers j, k such that 1 ≤ j <
that
k ≤ 2011 and aj − j = ak − k.
Solution: Observe that 2011
P
j=1 aj − j = 0, since (a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , a2011 ) is a permu-
P2011
tation of 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2011. Hence j=1 aj − j is even. Suppose aj − j 6= ak − k
for all j 6= k. This means the collection |aj − j| : 1 ≤ j ≤ 2011 is the same
as the collection {0, 1, 2, . . . , 2010} as the maximum difference is 2011-1=2010.
Hence
2011
aj − j = 1 + 2 + 3 + · · · + 2010 = 2010 × 2011 = 2011 × 1005,
X
2
j=1
n − kl = n − n − u2 (u + 1)2 − n
5. Let ABC be a triangle and let BB1 , CC1 be respectively the bisectors of ∠B,
∠C with B1 on AC and C1 on AB. Let E, F be the feet of perpendiculars
drawn from A onto BB1 , CC1 respectively. Suppose D is the point at which
the incircle of ABC touches AB. Prove that AD = EF .
Solution: Observe that ∠ADI =
∠AF I = ∠AEI = 90◦ . Hence
A, F, D, I, E all lie on the circle
with AI as diameter. We also
know
∠A
∠BIC = 90◦ + = ∠F IE.
2
This gives
∠A
∠F AE = 180◦ − 90◦ +
2
∠A
= 90◦ − .
2
∠A
We also have ∠AID = 90◦ − . Thus ∠F AE = ∠AID. This shows the chords
2
F E and AD subtend equal angles at the circumference of the same circle.
Hence they have equal lengths, i.e., F E = AD.
6. Find all pairs (x, y) of real numbers such that
2 +y 2
16x + 16x+y = 1.
1 2 1 2
2 1 2
x +y+x+y + = x+ + y+ ≥ 0.
2 2 2
2 1/2
2 +y 2
2
1 = 16x + 16x+y ≥ 2 16x +y · 16x+y , (by AM-GM inequality)
2 1/2
2
= 2 16x +y+x+y
≥ 2(16)−1/4 = 1.
This shows that (x, y) = (−1/2, −1/2) is the only solution, as can easily be
verified.
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