REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD MOCK TEST-4

REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD

Maximum Marks : 102 MOCK TEST–4
TARGET RMO
Instructions: Time : 3 Hours
Ÿ Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed.
Ÿ Rulers and compasses are allowed.
Ÿ Answer all the questions.
Ÿ All questions carry equal marks.
Ÿ Answer to each question should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the
question number.
1. Let D and E be the centres of squres erected externally on the sides AB and AC, respectively, of an
arbitrary triangle ABC, and define F and G to be the intersections of the line BC with lines perpendicular
to ED at D and at E. Prove that the resulting segments BF and CG are congruent.

A E

Sol. D H

G
F B C

Let H be the point on DE such that DH = DF. Since D is the centre of the square on side AB we have
DB ^ DA and DB = DA. Further, we are given that DF ^ DH, and so, ÐADH = 90° – ÐHDB
= ÐBDF. It follows that DADH and DBDF are congruent. Hence FB = HA. Moreover,
ÐAHE = 180° – ÐAHD = 180° – ÐBFD,
and using the fact that DF | | EG we conclude that ÐAHE = ÐECG. As before, since AE ^ EC and
HE ^ EG, we get that ÐAEH = ÐCEG. Using the fact that AE = EC, we get the DAEH and DCEG are
congruent, so AH = CG. Therefore, FB = CG, as desired.
2. Find positive natural numbers a, b and c such that

a +1 b + 1 c +1
, and
b c a
are all natural numbers.

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 REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD MOCK TEST-4

a +1 1
Sol. First, assume that two a, b and c equal; without loss of generality, assume a = b. Then =1 + is
b b

b +1 2
an integer only if a = b= 1; if that is true, then = is an integer only if c= 1 or 2. This gives us
c c
two solutions : (a, b, c) = (1, 1, 1) or (1, 1, 2).
Now, assume that a, b and c are all distinct; without loss of generality, assume a is the smallest. For
a +1
to be an integer, we must have a + 1 ³ b; since a < b, we must have a + 1 = b. The second fraction
b

a+2
is then ; for that to be an integer, we must have a + 2 ³ c. Since a < c, we must have c = a + 1 or
c

a+2 1
c = a + 2. If c = a + 1, then = 1 + ; this will not be an integer, since c > 1. So we must have
c c

c +1 3
c = a + 2. The third fraction is then = 1 + , which is an integer if and only a = 1 or 3. This gives
a a
us two solutions : (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 3) or (3, 4, 5).
Therefore (a, b, c) must be a cyclic permutation of one of the following ordered triples : (1, 1, 1), (1,
1, 2) (1, 2, 3) or (3, 4, 5).
3. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are real numbers. Assume that f(0), f(1), and f(2) are all
integers.
(a) Prove that f(2010) is also an integer.
(b) Decide if f(2011) is an integer.
Sol. Since f(0), f(1), and f(2) are all integer f(2) – 2f(1) + f(0) is also an integer. Now,
f(2) – 2f(1) + f(0) = (4a + 2b + c) – 2(a + b + c) + (c) = 2a,
so 2a is an integer. Since f(0) and f(1) are both integer f(1) – f(0) is also an integer.
Now, f(1) – f(0) = (a + b + c) – (c) = a + b, so a + b is an integer. Finally f(0) = c, so c is an integer.
Now
f(2010) = 20102 a + 2010b + c
= 4038090a + 2010a + 2010b + c
= 2019045(2a) + 2010(a + b) + c,
which is an integer because 2a, a + b and c are all integers. Also
f(2011) = 20112 a + 2011b + c
= 4042110a + 2011a + 2011b + c
= 2021055(2a) + 2011 (a + b) + c,
which is an integer because 2a, a + b, and c are integers.
4. Each vertex of a regular 11-goin is coloured black or gold. All possible triangles are formed using
these vertices. Prove that there are either two congruent triangles with three black vertices or two
congruent triangles with three gold vertices.

æ6ö
Sol. By the Pigeonhole Principle, we can find 6 veracities of the same colour. There are ç ÷ = 15 lines
è2ø
joining pairs of these points. A regular 11-gon has 11 axes of symmetry and each of these lines is
parallel to one axis of symmetric, so by the Pigeonhole Principle some two lines are parallel. We get
two congruent triangles by considering the two vertices of one line with each vertex on the other line.

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5. The angles of a triangle are 22.5°, 45° and 112.5°. Prove that inside this triangle there exists a point
that is located on the median through one vertex the angle bisector through another vertex and the
altitude through the third vertex.
Sol.1 Look at the triangle ABC, where ÐCAB = 22.5°, ÐABC = 45° and ÐBCA = 112.5°.
Let D be the point of intersection of BC and medium from vertex A, E be the point of intersection of
angle bisector from vertex B and AC and F be the point of intersection of altitude from vertex C and
AB (see figure) As ÐFBC = 45° and ÐCFB = 90°, triangle FBC is a right isosceles triangle with
|CF| = |FB|.
Let X and Y be the points of intersection of the line that passes through point D and is parallel to CF,
with linea AC and AF, respectively. We have ÐYAX = 22.5°, ÐXYA = 90° and
ÐAXY = 180° – ÐYAX ÐXYA = 67.5°. Therefore ÐXCD = 180° – ÐBCA = 67.5° = ÐAXY = ÐCXD.
due to which |XD| = |CD| = |DB|
As line segments DY and CF are parallel, DY is the midsegment of triangle BCF. Hence

XD DB CB CB
= = =
DY DY CF FB

B
Y
F
D
R
X
A
E C

Let now K be the point of intersection of BE and CF. The angles bisector property gives that

CK CB XD CK
= , so = , from which ÐFAK = Ð YAD. Therefore also AD passes through K,
KF FB DY KF

QED.
Sol. 2 Similarly to the previous solution we pick triangle ABC mark points D, E and F and show that

ÐABC 45°
|CF| = |FB|. Additionally notice that ÐABE = = = 22.5° = ÐBAE, which gives |BE| = |AE|.
2 2

F
D

E
A C

Z
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 REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD MOCK TEST-4

ÐABC
Let now Z be a point on BC such that ÐBEZ = 90° (see figure). Then ÐZBE = =22.5° = ÐCAF
2

and ÐBEZ = 90° = ÐAFC, hence triangle BEZ and AFC and similar. Additionally.
ÐEZC = 180° – ÐZBE – ÐBEZ = 67.5° = 180° – ÐBCA = ÐECZ
6. Prove that for all positive real numbers x, y, z

y2z 9y 2 z
+ y2 + z ³
x x + y2 + z

Sol.1 By bringing all the terms to the same side and to the common denominator, we get an equivalent
inequality.

y 2 z(x + y 2 + z) + xy 2 (x + y 2 + z) + xz(x + y 2 + z) - 9xy 2z

³0
x(x + y 2 + z)

Since x, y and z are positive the denominator x(x + y 2

+ z) is positive as well. Therefore the fraction
on the left-hand side is nonnegative if and only if its numerator is nonnegative. By removing the
parentheses, we get an equivalent inequality x2 y2 + xy4 + y2z2 + y4z + x2z ³ 6xy2 z. However, this
inequality follows directly from AM-GM for terms x2y2, xy4, y2z 2 , y4z, x2 z, and xz2 .

x + z + y2
Sol.2 When multiplying both sides of the inequality by we get an equivalent inequality
y2z

æ y2z ö æ x + z + y2 ö æ y 2z öæ x 1 1ö
+ + + y 2 + z ÷ç 2 + 2 + ÷ ³ 9
2
ç y z ÷ç ÷ ³9 Þ çç
è x øè yz ø
2 ÷ y z y
è x øè zø

æy z ö
The last one however, follows from Cauchy. Schwarz, when it is applied to çç , y, z ÷÷ and
è x ø

æ x 1 1 ö
çç , , ÷÷ .
èy z y zø

Remark : It is also possible to finish solution 2 differently, by applying AM-GM inside both parentheses,
instead Cauchy-Schwarz, that is by multiplying the corresponding sides of inequalities

y2z y 4z2 x 1 1 x
+ y2 + z ³ 3 3 and 2 + 2 + ³ 3 3 4 2 .
x x yz y z yz

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