1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

Semester Wise Syllabus of B.A.

Semester-III
Paper-II
Public Finance
Unit-I

Nature and scope of Public Finance, Difference between Private Finance and Public Finance, Private
goods and Public goods. Role of Public Finance in Developing and Developed economies.

Unit-II

Principle of Maximum Social Advantage. Sources of Public Revenue. Forms of taxes. Canons of
Taxation. Taxable capacity. Ability-to-Pay Theory. Economic effects of Taxation.

Unit-III

Public Expenditure: Effects of Public Expenditure. Reasons for increase in Public Expenditure.
Wagnar's Law. Wisemann-Peacock Hypothesis.

Unit-IV

Impact, Incidence and Shifting of Taxes. Public Debt:- Classification, Effect, Burden, Repayment and
Management.

Books Recommended

Dr. B.P.Tyagi – ‘Public Finance', Jai Prakash Nath&Company, Meerut.

J.C.Varshney- ‘Public Finance', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
S.K.Singh- ‘Public Fiance', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
Dr.J.C.Singhai- 'Rajasva', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.

Semester Wise Syllabus of Undergraduate

Subject – Economics B.A. Part I
Semester - I
Paper – I, Micro Economics

Unit-I

Definition of Economics, Nature and scope of Economics, Methods of Economic Analysis-Inductive

and Deductive Methods-Merits and Demerits.

Unit-II

Basic concepts: Demand, Supply, Demand and supply equilibrium. Economic statics and Economic
Dynamics. Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium analysis. Utility: Cardinal and Ordinal Utility
Approaches to Demand

Unit-III

Indifference curve technique- Consumer's equilibrium (Hicks and Slutsky). Price, Income and

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Substitution effect. Derivation of Demand curve. Elasticity of demand: Its types ( Price, Income and
Cross elasticities) and various methods of its measurement. Consumer surplus and its measurement.

Unit-IV

Production: Factors of Production and its characteristics; Laws of Production- Returns to factor and
Returns to Scale, Law of Variable Proportion. lsoquants- Nature and its characteristics. Producer's
equilibrium.

Books recommended

1. Ray, N.C.- " An Introduction to Microeconomics'", Macrnillan Company, India.

2. Samuelson, P.A. and Nordhaus, W.D.- " Economics", Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Dewett, K.K.- " Modern Economic Theory", S Chand & Company, New Delhi.
4. Lipsey, R.G.- " An Introduction to Positive Economics "-A condensed course.
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Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part I
SEMESTER-I
Paper-II Indian Economy

Unit-I

Indian Economy- its structure and characteristics. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sectors of the
economy. Demographic features-Population size, sex ratio. Population growth and problem of
urbanization. Recent National Population Policy.

Unit-II

Agriculture- Causes of backwardness. Measures for Agricultural development. Land use pattern.
Trends in Agriculture production and productivity. Land Reforms: Green Revolution. Rural credit.
Agricultural Marketing. Agricultural prices. Agricultural finance and rural indebtedness.

Unit-III

Industrial Growth: performance and problems. Small scale and cottage industry- Meaning, importance
and problems. Large scale industries: Iron and Steel, Sugar, Cement, Textiles. Industrial Finance:
Sources, shortcomings and improvements. Industrial labour and trade union movements.

Unit-IV

New Economic Policy- Structural Adjustment Programme. Second Generation Reforms. Globalization
and Indian Economy. World Trade Organization. TRIPS, Patent and India.

Books Recommended

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1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

1. Datt, R. and Sundaram, K.P.M.-" Indian Economy", S. Chand and Company, New Delhi.
2. Dhingra, I.C.- " The Indian Economy- Environment and Policy", S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi.
3. Agarwal, A.N.-" Indian Economy: Problems of Development and Planning", Wishwa Prakashan.
4. Mishra, S.K. and Puri, V.K.-" Indian Economy- Its Developmental Experience", Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
5. Uma Kapila - "Indian Economy Since Independence", Academic Foundation.
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Semesterwise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part I
SEMESTER-II
Paper-1 Micro Economics

Unit-I

Economies of Scale. Different concepts of Costs- Explicit and Implicit, Accounting, Opportunity,
Total- Fixed and Variable, Marginal and Average costs and its relationships. Concept of Revenue-
total, Marginal and Average revenue, Break-even Point.

Unit-II

Market- Concept and classification, Perfect Competition-Characteristics. Price and Output

determination for firm and Industry. Market Equilibrium.

Unit-III

Monopoly- Characteristics and price-output determination. Price discrimination. Monopolistic

Competition- Characteristics and price-output determination.

Unit-IV

Factor Pricing- Theory of Marginal Productivity of Distribution. Theory of Wage and Rent- Classical
and Modern. Theory of Interest-Classical and Keynesian Theories of Interest.
Theory of Profit, Net and Gross Profit.

Books recommended
1. Ray, N.C.- "An Introduction to Microeconomics", Macmillan Company, India.
2. Samuelson, P.A. and Nordhaus, W.D.- “Economics”, Tata McGraw Hill, New delhi.
3. Dewett, K.K.- “Modern Economic Theory”, S Chand & Company, New Delhi.
4. Lipsey, R.G. – “An Introduction to positive Economics” A Condensed course.
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6. vjfoUn voLFkh ,oa bUnzk vfXugks=h & ^^vkfFkZd fo’ys"k.k** vkyksd izdk’ku

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1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

Semesterwise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part I
SEMESTER-II
Paper-II Indian Economy

Unit-I

Infrastructure of Indian Economy- Irrigation, Power, Transport, Communication, Banking and

Insurance. Social Infrastructure of Indian Economy- Health, Nutrition, Education, Knowledge and
Skills, Housing and Sanitation. Occupational Distribution of Labour force.

Unit-II

Planning in India- Objectives, Types of Planning, Strategy, Achievements and Failures, Analysis of
Current Five Year Plan

Unit-III

Basic Features of U.P. Economy- Land and Land Utilization Pattern. Agricultural Situation in U.P.
Economy: Cropping pattern, productivity of major crops, Sources of Credit in Agriculture. Irrigation
facilities. Main causes of Agricultural backwardness in U.P.

Unit-IV

Natural Resources- Forest, Water, Mineral. Demographic Features of U.P. Major Industries of U.P. and
their problems. Services sector.

Books Recommended

1. Datt, R. and Sundaram, K.P.M.-" Indian Economy", S. Chand and Company, New Delhi.
2. Dhingra, I.C.- " The Indian Economy- Environment and Policy", S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi.
3. Agarwal, A.N.-" Indian Economy: Problems of Development and Planning", Wishwa Prakashan.
4. Mishra, S.K. and Puri, V.K.-" Indian Economy- Its Developmental Experience", Plimalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
5. Uma Kapila - "Indian Economy Since Independence", Academic Foundation.
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Semester wise syllabus of B.A.

Semester-III
Paper-I
National Income Accounting & Theory of Money

Unit-I

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1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

National Income Analysis: Concept and methods of measurement. Circular flow of income. Two
sector, three sector and four sector models.

Unit-II

Determination of National income under classical and Keynesian system. Monetary theories of Trade
cycle.

Unit-III

Value of Money:- Fisher and Cambridge Approach. Income Expenditure Approach. Keynes' Quantity
theory.

Unit-IV

Inflation:- causes and effects. Relationship between inflation and unemployment (Phillip's Curve).
Measures to control inflation. Concept of Stagflation, Deflation and Reflation.

Books Recommended

M.L.Seth- 'Money, Banking & International Trade and Public Finance', Laxmi Narayan Agarwal Press,
Agra.
M.L.Jhingan-' Monetary Economics', Vrinda Publications.
G.C.Singhai & S.K.Singh - ' Mudra evam Banking', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
T.T.Sethi-' Mudra, Banking evam Videshi Vinimay', Laxmi Narayan Agarwal Press, Agra.

Semester wise Syllabus of B.A.

Semester-IV
Paper-I
Banking and Exchange Control

Unit-I

Banking:-Types and functions. Assets and liabilities. Methods of credit creation.

Unit-II

Central Banking:- Functions of Central Bank. Methods of credit control. Indian Money Market and its
characteristics.

Unit-III

Foreign Exchange:- Concept. Demand and Supply of Foreign Exchange. Exchange rate determination.
Purchasing Power Parity Theory.

Unit-IV

Exchange Control: Objectives and Methods. International Monetary Institutions - IMF and IBRD.

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1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

Books Recommended

M.L.Seth- 'Money, Banking & International Trade and Public Finance', Laxmi Narayan Agarwal Press,
Agra.
M.L.Jhingan- 'Monetary Economics', Vrinda Publications.
G.C.Singhai & S.K.Singh – ‘Mudra evam Banking', Sahitya Bhawan, Publication, Agra.
T.T.Sethi-' Mudra, Banking evam Videshi Vinimay', Laxmi Narayan Agarwal Press, Agra.

Semester wise Syllabus of B.A.

Semester-IV
Paper-II
Indian Public Finance and International Trade.

Unit-I

Fiscal Policy:- its components & objectives. Role of Fiscal Policy in Developed and Developing
economy. Fiscal and full employment. Role of fiscal policy in controlling inflation. Limitation of fiscal
policy.

Unit-II

Indian Public Finance:- Salient features of Indian Tax System. Sources of revenue and expenditures
of Central government, State governments and local governments. Indian Federal Finance: Centre-
State Financial Relations. Recommendations of Finance Commissions.

Unit-III

International Trade:- Importance, Difference between Internal and International Trade. Theory of
Absolute Cost Advantage. Theory of Comparative of Comparative Cost Advantage. Terms of Trade.

Unit-IV

Free trade and Protection. Foreign Trade of India and Trade policy. Balance of Trade and Balance of
Payments. Equilibrium and Disequilibrium.

Books Recommended

Dr. B.P.Tyagi - 'Public Finance',Jai Prakash Nath&Company, Meerut.

J.C.Varshney- 'Public Finance', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
S.K.Singh- ‘Public Fiance', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
Dr.J.C.Singhai- 'Rajasva', Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra.
M.L.Seth - 'Money, Banking & International Trade', Laxrni Narayan Agarwal Press, Agra

Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part III
Semester - V
Paper - I Macro Economics

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1/1/07 Semester Wise Syllabus of B

Unit-I

Introduction to Macro Economics: Nature, Scope, Importance and Limitations. Difference between
Macro Economics and Macro Economics. Macro Economic Policy : Objectives and Control.

Unit-II

Theory of employment. Classical and Keynesian Framework. General Equilibrium Model: Hicks - Hansen
I S-L M Framework.

Unit-III

Business Cycles; Hicks, Samuelson,Schumpeter, Concept of Accelerator and Multiplier.

Unit-IV

Welfare Economics: Definition. Economic and non-economic Welfare. Individual Welfare and Social
Welfare. Old Welfare Economics - Pigou's Analysis. New Welfare Economics - Pareto's Analysis.
Conditions of Paretian Optimum.

Books Recommended

Baumol, W.J. - "Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State."

Shapiro, E. - "Macro Economic Analysis".
Jhingan, M.L. - "Macro Economics Theory".
Seth, M-L. - "Macro Economics".
Vaish, M.C.:- "Samashti Arthsastra".

Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part III
SEMESTER-VI
Paper-III Statistical Methods

Unit-I

Definition, scope, importance and limitation of Statistics. Types of Statistical data. Methods of
collection and tabulation of data. Diagrammatic and graphic presentations.

Unit-II

Measure of Central Tendency-Mean, Median ,Mode, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, uartile.
Measure of Dispersion- Range, Quartile Deviation, Standard deviation, Coefficient of Variation.

Unit-III

Correlation analysis- Types of Correlation. Measurement of Correlation- Karl Pearson's Coefficient of

Correlation and Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient.
Time Series Analysis- Utility of time series, components of time series. Time Series models- Addition
and Multiplication model. Measurement of Trend- Graphic method, Moving Average method, fitting
straight line trend.
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Unit-IV

Index Number- Calculation of Laaspayre Index Number, Paasche Index

Number and Fisher Index Number. Central Statistical Organization. National
Sample Survey Organization.

Books Recommended

Gupta, S.P.- "Statistical Methods".

Singhal, Mohan- " Elements of Statistics".
Agarwal, D.R.- "Elementary Mathematics and Statistics for Economists".
Das, R.K. &Nagar, A.L.- "Basic Statistics".
Elhance,D.N.- " Fundamental of Statistics".

Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject - Economics B.A. Part III
SEMESTER - V
Paper 2: History of Economic Thought

Unit -I

Introduction, Nature & Significance of History of Economic thought/ Pre-Classical thought :

Mercantilism, Physiocracy Evolution of Economic science and criticism of Mercantilism and
Physiocracy by classical economist.

Unit-II

Classical Economic Thought : Smith's Natural Philosophy and Economic Philosophy. The theory of
Value: The Cause and Measure of Value. Growth of National Product and its Distribution.
David Richardo: The Development of Labour theory of Value. The theory of Distribution and Growth.
Malthusian Theory of Population.

Unit-III

Neo-Malthusiari: J.B. Say's Law; Identity and Quantity theory of money, Keynes and Say's Law. The
Downfall of the classical system.

Unit-IV

Evolution of New theory of Value of Distribution: Menger, Walras & Jevons, Extension of the new
theory: Wieser, Bohm- Bawerk,

Reference:

1. Schumpeter J. A.:- " History of Economic Analysis."

2. Stigler G.J. :- "Essay in the History of Economics"
3. Bhatia H.L.:- "History of Economic Thought."
4. Haney L.H.:-" History of Economic Thought."
5. Kulshrestha U.C.:-" History of Economic Thought."
6. Pant J.C. & Seth M.L.:-" History of Economic Thought.",

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Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part III
SEMESTER-V
Paper-III Quantitative Techniques

Unit-I

Algebra- Arithmetic Progression, Geometric Progression and Harmonic Progression . Matrix Algebra-
basic operations, adjoint and inverse of matrices. Determinants.

Unit-II
Coordinate Geometry- Equations of straight line, Circle and Parabola. Trigonometry- Basic Identities.

Unit-III

Calculus- Limits and continuity of functions. Differentiation of functions of one variable. Logarithmic
and Exponential functions. Partial Derivatives. Economic Applications.

Unit-IV

Calculus- Calculation of Maxima and Minima. Point of inflexion. Economic Applications.

Books Recommended

Mehta, B.C. & Madnani, G.M.K.- " Elementary Mathematics in Economics".

Mehta, B.C. & Madnani, G.M.K.- "Mathematics for Economists".
Sharma, J.K.- "Business Mathematics".
Shukla, S.M. & Sahai, S.P.- "Parimanatmak Paddatiyan".
Awasthi,G.D. & Nigam, S.K.- "Parimanatmak Paddatiyan".

Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part III
SEMESTER-VI
Paper-I Economic Development and Regional Cooperation

Unit-I

Economic Development: Definition; Features; Importance; Difference between Economic Growth and
Economic development. Obstacles to Economic Growth and Economic development. Indicators of
Economic Development- HDI, PQLI, GDI, GEM. Rostow's stages of Economic growth.

Unit-II

Balanced growth and unbalanced growth. Dualistic Theories. Harrod Domar model of economic
growth. Myrdal's theory of Circular Causation.

Unit-III

Lewis theory of Unlimited Supply of Labour. Rosenstein-Rodan theory of Big push. Leibenstein's
Critical Minimum Effort Thesis. Nelson's Low Level Equilibrium Trap.
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Unit-IV

International Financial Institutions: World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asian Development
Bank- their contribution in economic development.
North-South Dialogue, South-South Cooperation.. New International Economic Order(NIEO).
Regional Organizations: SAFTA, ASEAN, EU, BRIC :- their role in regional economic development.

Books Recommended

Meier, G.M.: " Leading Issues in Development Economics".

Jhingan, M.L.- " The Economics of Development and Planning".
Agarwal, R.C.:- " The Economics of Development and Planning".
Lai, S.N. :- "Aarthik Vikas, Niyojan evam Paryavaran".

Semester wise Syllabus for Undergraduate

Subject-Economics B.A. Part III
SEMESTER-VI
Paper II-History of Economic Thought

Unit-I

Indian Economic Thought: Kautilya, Valluvar, Naoroji, Ranade and R.C. Dutt.

Unit-II

Indian Economic Thought: M.N.Roy, Jawahar Lal Nehru, M.K.Gandhi, D.R.Gadgil and
J.K.Mehta.

Unit-III

Karl Marx- Chief tenets of Marxian thought, Dialectical Materialism, Capitalist crisis, Theory of Surplus
value. Contributions of J.S.Mill and A.C.Pigou.

Unit-IV

Neo classicism: Marshall-Theory of Value, Demand and Supply, & Distribution.

Wicksell's views on Savings and Investment & trade cycle. Schumpeter- Innovation theory, Views on
Capitalism and Socialism.

Books Recommended

Schumpeter, J. A.:- "History of Economic Analysis".

Stigler, G.J.:- "Essay in the History of Economics".
Bhatia, H.L.:- "History of Economic Thought".
Haney, L.H.:- "History of Economic Thought".
Kulshrestha, U.C.:- "History of Economic Thought".
Blaug, Marc.:- "An Economic Theory in Retrospect".

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