Chapter Review (Homeostasis)

1. In both processes, molecules move down their concentration gradients. In facilitated

diffusion, carrier proteins speed the rate of diffusion.
2. Their solute concentrations are equal.
3. As turgor pressure decreases, a plant cell shrinks from the cell wall. This shrinkage is
called plasmolysis.
4. A contractile vacuole is an organelle that collects water from the cytoplasm of a
unicellular organism. By expanding and expelling water, it helps maintain homeostasis.
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. Diffusion will occur until two areas have reached equal concentrations.
16. Some molecules are too large or insoluble in lipids to diffuse through cell membranes.
17. Water will transfer, due to osmosis, into the organism that lack the contractile vacuole.
Thus, the organism will swell and may eventually burst.
18. The direction of net water movement depends on the relative solute concentrations on
either side of a membrane.
19. The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic in its center, which prevents the passage of most water-
soluble ions and molecules.
20. ATP provides the energy that derives the sodium-potassium pump, which pumps Na+ out
of the cell and K+ into the cell.
21. Endocytosis uses vesicles to bring external substances into the cell. Exocytosis uses
vesicles to release substances from the cell.